Responses by pasture to current and previous application of superphosphate

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (41) ◽  
pp. 617
Author(s):  
IH Cameron ◽  
AA McGowan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Absolute Maximum ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Current Application ◽  
North Eastern

The effects of heavy initial applications and regular annual dressings of superphosphate on the winter and spring yields of herbage from a subterranean clover-annual grass pasture were measured in a four-year experiment at Rutherglen, north-eastern Victoria, Basal levels of soil phosphorus were established in 1959 by applying 1, 7, or 13 cwt (112 lb) of superphosphate an acre to an established pasture. From 1960-1963, 0 or 1 cwt of superphosphate an acre a year was applied in all factorial combinations (i.e., 0-0-0-0, 0-0-0-1, . . . . . . . . 1-1-1-1). On the plots that received 1 cwt an acre in 1959, current application of superphosphate increased winter production in every year (by 425-1230 lb dry matter an acre, or 36-362 per cent). On the plots that received 7 or 13 cwt an acre in 1959, winter responses to current dressings were small and not significant in three of the four years, indicating a strong residual effect from the basal dressings. Responses in spring were small in both absolute (maximum 290 lb dry matter an acre) and relative (4-12 per cent) terms and were not significant in three of the four years. Tn both winter and spring yields, residual effects of current dressings were small (maximum 245 lb dry matter an acre) and generally not significant.

Initial and residual effects of superphosphate on a Townsville lucerne pasture in north-eastern Queensland

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (34) ◽  
pp. 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
RK Jones
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Critical Values ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Nitrogen Contents

The responses to superphosphate of a Townsville lucerne (Stylosanthes humils)-grass pasture on a solodic soil near Townsville, were measured for three years. An initial dressing of 784 lb an acre gave the highest yield of dry matter for the three years, but 336 lb an acre was almost as effective. Applying 336 lb in equal annual dressings of 112 lb an acre gave less total dry matter but slightly more nitrogen and phosphorus per acre than 336 lb initially. On this soil type superphosphate had a good residual effect. Pastures with initial dressings of 336 1b or more outyielded the controls in all years, and did not respond to maintenance dressings applied in the second and third years. Superphosphate increased the yields of phosphorus per acre by increasing the phosphorus contents of both Townsville lucerne and grass as well as the dry matter yields. It had little effect, however, on the nitrogen contents. The relation between the phosphorus content of the pasture and the yield of dry matter was examined and tentative critical values were established.

The effect of time of application of superphosphate on seasonal yield of dry matter from annual pasture

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (57) ◽  
pp. 392 ◽  
Author(s):  
AA McGowan ◽  
IH Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Phosphorus Requirement ◽  
June July

The effect of time of application of superphosphate on the dry matter produced from a subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum)annual grass pasture was studied. Treatments involved an annual topdressing of superphosphate, at 125 kg ha-1, in a particular month of the year, for each of the twelve months ; there was also an unfertilized control. In winter, dry matter yield was increased by 350-1190 kg ha-1 when superphosphate was applied at any time of the year. Winter yields were higher after application in January to May (mean 1570 kg ha-1) than in October to December (mean 1190 kg ha-1) or in June-July (mean 1230 kg ha-1). In spring, the greatest increases in dry matter yield were from topdressing in August or September (1600 and 1210 kg ha-1 respectively). Spring yields following application in other months were smaller but usually significantly greater than the yield of unfertilized pasture. The response to autumn application of superphosphate was much greater in winter than in spring. This was not due to a lower phosphorus requirement by the pasture in spring than in winter.

Comparative productivity of some cultivars of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) in north-eastern Victoria

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (30) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
IH Cameron ◽  
AA McGowan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Common ◽  
Clover Seed

Eight cultivars of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)-Yarloop, Burnley, Bacchus Marsh, Nangeela, Clare, Portugal, Chiltern Valley, and Mt. Barker-were compared in mowing experiments at the Rutherglen Research Station in north-eastern Victoria. All eight had similar total annual yields of dry matter, but all except Chiltern Valley outyielded Mt. Barker (the common district cultivar) in most winters. Yarloop, Burnley, and Bacchus Marsh grew best in winter. Of these, Burnley has most promise, being apparently more persistent than Bacchus Marsh, and having lower oestrogenic potency than Yarloop. There was no difference in greasy wool production from wethers run at five to the acre on Mt. Barker or Bacchus Marsh pastures, despite higher pasture production on the latter. Hay was cut in two seasons ; after feeding equal amounts to each group of sheep, there was a surplus of 20 cwt an acre in favour of the Bacchus Marsh pasture. Clover seed production, winter pasture growth, and sheep liveweights also favoured Bacchus Marsh.

scholarly journals Residual effect of pig slurry on common carpet grass pasture

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 374-378
Author(s):  
Daiane C. K. Albuquerque ◽  
Simone M. Scheffer-Basso ◽  
Pedro A. V. Escosteguy ◽  
Karen D. Brustolin-Golin ◽  
Valdirene Zabot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Gradual Release

ABSTRACT This study investigated the residual effects of pig slurry (PS) applied to common carpet grass pasture (Axonopus affinis) for two years (September 2008-March 2010) on dry matter yield and forage-nitrogen uptake from October 2010-May 2011. A field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments were 102, 204, 306, 408, and 510 m3 ha-1 pig slurry applied for two years; one mineral nitrogen rate (1,250 kg ha-1 ammonium nitrate) for two years; and no nitrogen fertilization (control). The pasture was cut at intervals of 48, 34, 43 and 69 days, which corresponded to 266, 300, 343, and 412 days after the last fertilizer application, respectively. Dry matter yield increased by 398 kg ha-1 for each 100 m3 of PS applied, the equivalent of 317 and 564 kg ha-1 for each 100 kg ha-1 of inorganic and organic N applied, respectively. The residual effect of PS on dry matter yield and forage-nitrogen uptake ranged from 11-45% and 8-40%, respectively, indicating a gradual release and availability of N in PS, which can help reduce the amounts of nitrogen applied to pasture.

AVAILABILITY OF RESIDUAL FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS AS MEASURED BY BROMEGRASS-ALFALFA DRY MATTER AND PHOSPHORUS YIELD AND BY EXTRACTABLE SOIL PHOSPHORUS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. HOLT ◽  
G. E. WINKLEMAN
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Duration Of Response ◽  
Forage Yields

The magnitude and duration of response of bromegrass-alfalfa to a one-time application of phosphorus (P) fertilizer was studied at rates of P to 144 kg/ha which were applied in 1970 to a clay soil containing 5 μg/g sodium-bicarbonate-extractable P. All treatments produced residual effects which were reflected by increased forage yields, forage P content and forage uptake of P by bromegrass-alfalfa during the years 1972–1976. Forage yield response to applied P was curvilinear in 3 out of 5 yr while forage P and uptake of P increased in a linear relationship with applied P in all years. An annual application of 18, 10 and 16 kg/ha N, P and S, respectively, resulted in dry matter yields of 4110 kg∙ha−1∙yr−1 and when combined with the 1970 applications had no further significant effect on forage yields but the combinations did increase forage P and uptake of P. Soil sodium-bicarbonate-extractable P as determined each year 1972–1976 and in 1980 was proportional to applied P but the amount of available P decreased over this period. On average, the portion of alfalfa in the dry matter increased during the 1972–1976 period but the alfalfa content was not related to applied P. When amounts of nitrogen applied as part of the P fertilizer were over 36 kg/ha, the percentage of alfalfa in the stand was reduced until 1974.Key words: Phosphorus, bromegrass-alfalfa

The response of Italian ryegrass to nitrogenous fertilizer at different times of year, with particular reference to residual effects

1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Wilman ◽  
B. M. Ojuederie
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Nitrogenous Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Previous Autumn

SummaryThe 32 combinations of applying or not applying nitrogenous fertilizer on five dates, with 6-week intervals between dates, during one treatment year were compared in three field experiments with Italian ryegrass (Lolium mvltiflorum). Phosphorus (P)and potassium (K) were applied at a uniform, high rate to all plots. All plots were harvested, by cutting, five times during the treatment year and once in May of the subsequent year.Dry-matter yields and dry-matter yield responses to N were lower at the September and October harvests than at the May, June and July harvests. Where no N was applied 6 weeks before a harvest, N applied 12 weeks before that harvest generally increased yields of dry matter, N, P and K. On the other hand, where N was applied 6 weeks before a harvest, N applied 12 weeks before that harvest tended not to increase dry-matter yield and tended to reduce P and K yields. Applying 420 kg N/ha/year compared with nil approximately trebled the amounts of dry matter, P and K harvested in the treatment year. At the May harvest in the subsequent year dry-matter yield was increased by N applied in the treatment year, for all five application dates, although the previous autumn there had been no positive residual effect of the early applications. Apparent recovery of N was low compared with that recorded with Italian ryegrass in Cambridge. The content of N, as well as P and K, in herbage in May was reduced by the application of N the previous year. In the 1972 experiment the proportion of ‘stem’ in the harvested produce was markedly increased by N application. The size of this effect may have been associated with the rather small amount of soil N available. Applied N increased the number of tillers in the sward, but this effect appeared to be rather short-lived. A major reason for the positive effect of applied N on dry-matter yield, including the positive residual effect, appeared to be the increase in leaf blade length and probably sheath length due to N.

Rock phosphate and superphosphate as sources of phosphorus for subterranean clover on an acid sandy soil

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (68) ◽  
pp. 358 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Alston ◽  
KW Chin
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
The Mean

Subterranean clover was grown on an acid sandy soil in a field experiment at Mount Compass, South Australia, where the mean annual rainfall is 837 mm. Rock phosphate and superphosphate were applied at 0 to 66 kg ha-1 P. Dry matter yields and phosphorus uptake by the clover and the phosphorus content of the soil were determined. At given levels of addition of phosphorus, rock phosphate was as effective as superphosphate in increasing dry matter yield and phosphorus uptake by the clover in the year of application. Rock phosphate also increased yield and uptake in subsequent years, but superphosphate had little residual effect. Leaching losses of phosphorus from the top 10 cm of soil during three and a half years were equal to 100 per cent and 80 per cent of that applied in superphosphate at 22 and 66 kg ha-1 P respectively. The corresponding losses where rock phosphate was applied were 80 per cent and 60 per cent. Most of the phosphorus leached from superphosphate was lost within two months of the application.

scholarly journals Field trials on the store dressing with rock phosphate

1960 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
Pentti Hänninen ◽  
Armi Kaila
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Phosphorus Status ◽  
Annual Application

The possibility of improving the soil phosphorus status by a store dressing with rock phosphate has been studied in two field trials of five years standing. Hyperphosphate Reno was applied to the nurse crop of a red clover-timothy ley in amounts of 0, 1000 kg/ha, or 2000 kg/ha, respectively. The split-plot technique was used to study the response of the ley to an additional annual application of 200 kg/ha of superphosphate. The soil analyses distinctly proved that, in spite of a careful working in of the hyperphosphate with a spade harrow, the fertilizer had not penetrated deeper than to the layer from 1 to 3 inches, with a large part of it remaining in the top inch. The treatment with hyperphosphate had mostly increased the fraction of the calcium-bound phosphorus, and, to a very low degree, the aluminium-bound phosphorus. The effect of superphosphate could be detected only in the fractions of aluminium- and iron-bound phosphorus of the surface inch. Although the store dressing did not produce marked responses in the yields of either trial, the statistically significant negative interaction between the effect of it and of superphosphate may be taken to indicate that hyperphosphate was able to improve the phosphorus status of these soils to some degree. The analyses of the hay samples from one of the trials in the fifth experimental year showed that the store dressing, particularly with the higher amount of hyperphosphate was able to increase the phosphorus content of hay to a satisfactory level which was equal to that produced by the annual superphosphate dressing only. Their combined effect resulted in the production of hay dry matter containing more than 0.24 % of P. In one of the experiments the residual effect of the treatments on rye was studied. The response to superphosphate was highly significant, probably owing to the high demands of phosphorus by rye, connected with the overwintering conditions, and also to the fact that ploughing in of the ley had brought superphosphate phosphorus within the reach of the plant roots.

The influence of seed size and depth of sowing on pre-emergence and early vegetative growth of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)

1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
JN Black
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Pot Culture

Changes in the pre-emergence distribution of dry matter in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) variety Bacchus Marsh were followed at 21°C, using three sizes of seed and three depths of sowing, ½, 1¼, and 2 in. Decreasing seed size and increasing depth of sowing both reduce the weight of the cotyledons a t emergence. Seed of the three sizes were sown a t three depths in pot culture a t staggered intervals so that emergence was simultaneous. Dry weight in the early vegetative stage was proportional to seed size, and total leaf area and leaf numbers showed similar trends. Plants of each seed size grew at the same relative rate. No effect of depth of sowing could be detected, and this was shown to be due to the cotyledon area a t emergence being constant for any given seed size, regardless of varying depth of sowing and hence of cotyledon weight. It was concluded that seed size in a plant having epigeal germination and without endosperm is of importance: firstly, in limiting the maximum hypocotyl elongation and hence depth of sowing, and secondly, in determining cotyledon area. Cotyledon area in turn influences seedling growth, which is not affected by cotyledon weight. Once emergence has taken place, cotyledonary reserves are of no further significance in the growth of the plants.

scholarly journals PERSISTENCE OF IMIDAZOLINONES IN SOILS UNDER A CLEARFIELD SYSTEM OF RICE CULTIVATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F. SOUZA ◽  
M.D. C. NETO ◽  
M.I. MARINHO ◽  
D.T. SARAIVA ◽  
A.T. FARIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Indicator Plants ◽  
Brazilian State ◽  
Commercial Mixture ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Plot Design

ABSTRACT The commercial mixture of imazethapyr and imazapic herbicides has been used for the control of red rice and several other species of weeds found in rice crops; this system called Clearfield. However, its use may limit the succession of non-tolerant crops for long residual activity. The research objective with this work was to determine the persistence of imazethapyr, imazapic and their mixture in three soils in the Brazilian state of Tocantins. Three experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications, each corresponding to the evaluated soil (Haplic Plinthosol (FX), red-yellow Latosol (LVA) and Haplic Gleysol (GX)). The treatments were arranged in a split plot design, with the allocated plots herbicides (imazethapyr and imazapic alone and commercial mixture) and the plots allocated the 11 evaluation times (1, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150 days after treatment (DAT)), and a control without application. Contacted up long residual effect of imazethapyr and commercial mixture of imazethapyr and imazapic, regardless of assessed soil. After 150 days of applying herbicides or the commercial mixture, their residues in the soil also inhibited approximately 94% of the mass of the dry matter accumulation of the indicator plants. When imazapic was applied alone, there was a higher dry matter accumulation of the indicator plants, indicating less residual effect of this herbicide in the soil and this was attributed to the lower dose of this herbicide applied. The attributes of the soil pH, texture and iron oxides were what most affected the persistence of the herbicides. It can be concluded that the persistence of imazethapyr and imazapic is too long in the Brazilian state of Tocantins soils and the use of these herbicides in the region should be avoided due to the high risk of the occurrence of carryover,or be well planned, as land use in rotation for susceptible crops.

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