Research of Reclamation Properties of Agricultural Glaukonite Ores on Salted Soils

The article presents the results of studies of the agro-ore of glauconite of Karakalpakstan, its reclamation properties when used on saline soils of the Aral Sea region. The results of the studies showed that the annual application of enriched glauconite leads to a decrease in chloride and sulfate salts in the soil, and the content of harmless salts increases.

Maize yield influenced by the residual effects of sedimentary phosphates in high-calcium soil

ABSTRACT It was evaluated the residual effects of sedimentary phosphates associated with the annual application of phosphate on maize grown in Inceptisol soil with a high exchangeable calcium concentration and pH value of 6.0. The experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized block design with strip-split plots. The main plots were treated with Bayóvar rock phosphate, Itafós rock phosphate, or triple superphosphate, while the control received no additional phosphate. The phosphate sources were applied by broadcasting and incorporated in the soil two years prior to the current study at 200 kg of P2O5 ha-1, with no tillage in subsequent years. In the sub-plots, phosphate doses of 0, 60, and 120 kg of P2O5 ha-1 year-1, as triple superphosphate, were applied at the base of the sowing furrows. Leaf phosphorus (P), grain yield, and soil P by ion exchange resin were evaluated. Differences were observed between the leaf P among the plots treated with phosphate sources and the control plot, which declined from 2013 to 2015. In 2013 and 2014, rock phosphate residuals influenced the grain yield when there was no annual application of phosphate. In 2015, grain yields in rock phosphate treatments without annual phosphate application were not superior to those in the control treatment and did not differ significantly from the plots receiving triple superphosphate. Furthermore, it was found that the soil P content extracted by ion exchange resin was higher in the Itafós treatment; however, for this source, the correlation between soil P and grain yield was relatively weak.

Calcium as a Plant Nutrient

Calcium (Ca) is an essential plant nutrient responsible for the integrity of cells and plant structure, yet it is generally neglected, because it is available in plenty in most cultivated soils. It is therefore not applied as a fertilizer to crops except in groundnut. In acid soils, where it is limiting, it is applied in large amounts as a soil amendment as lime. In sodic soil, where excess of Na creates problems in crop production Ca is applied as gypsum, another soil amendment. When applied in large amounts as lime or gypsum, Ca nutrition is already taken care of and thus there is no need of annual application as a fertilizer. Nevertheless its importance as a plant nutrient cannot be ignored.

A review of research on the fertiliser and lime requirements of pasture on the eastern coast of the North Island

The soils on the eastern region of the North Island (Wairarapa, Tararua, Hawke’s Bay, Poverty Bay, East Coast) are mainly of the Brown, Pallic, Recent (Sedimentary) and Pumice orders and are most are farmed with sheep and cattle on hill pastures. Several field trials have been carried out to determine the pasture growth requirements for phosphorus (P), sulphur (S), potassium (K), nitrogen (N), lime and molybdenum (Mo) in this region since the 1960s and the results published in various papers. This review considers the results of these studies collectively and in relation to national datasets. Sedimentary and Pumice soils with Olsen P levels of less than 12 µg/mL required annual application of P. Significant pasture production responses to S were measured where initial soil sulphate-S levels were less than 6 ppm. Additional K for sheep and beef pastures was required mainly on Pumice and Brown soils with soil QTK levels of 6 or less. Large pasture DM responses to N were measured in most trials, especially on steep slopes and sunny aspects with low legume content. Lime is needed to maintain soil pH once it decreases to 5.4 on hill soils. Molybdenum deficiency in legumes can occur on sedimentary soils and should be monitored by clover-leaf analysis.

Partial substitution of mineral fertilizers by foliar preparations for perennial grasses on gray forest soil in the Middle Volga region

Исследование проводилось в 20142017 годах на опытном поле ФГБОУ ВО Казанский государственный аграрный университет. В сельском хозяйстве Российской Федерации в последние годы происходят позитивные изменения, связанные с переходом на ресурсосберегающие технологии возделывания культур. В кормопроизводстве в их основе лежит оптимизация системы удобрений, а также расширение посевных площадей и ассортимента многолетних трав. Например, результаты наших исследований показывают перспективность интродукции в сельскохозяйственное производство райграса многоукосного и его смесей с другими злаковыми многолетними травами. Наиболее выгодным приёмом ресурсосбережения в технологии возделывания многолетних трав с участием райграса многоукосного является ежегодное применение некорневых подкормок в виде современных комплексных питательных растворов, таких как Изагри NPK и Биокомпозит Коррект в объёме 6 л/га. Данные препараты стимулируют рост и развитие под и надземной массы растений, обеспечивая дополнительное получение от 0,65 до 1,17 т/га корм. ед., что превосходит вариант без удобрений на 3134. Важно отметить, что некорневая подкормка многолетних трав концентрированными питательными растворами позволяет заменить до 44 дорогостоящих гранулированных минеральных удобрений. The field experiment took place in 20142017 at the Kazan State Agrarian University. Agriculture of the Russian Federation experiences positive changes in the sphere of resourcesaving cultivation technologies. Forage production undergoes optimization of fertilization systems, increase in farmlands and variability of perennial grasses. This paper points out the potential of Italian ryegrass and its mixtures with other perennial gramineous in agriculture. Annual application of modern foliar preparations such as Izagri NPK and Biokompozit Korrekt (6 l ha1) was shown to be the most effective practice. These preparations stimulated growth and development of roots and tops, providing additional yield of 0.651.17 t ha1 of feed units and exceeding the nonfertilized control by 3134. Topdressing of perennial grasses with concentrated nutrient solutions could substitute up to 44 of expensive granular mineral fertilizers.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SWINE WASTEWATER, SOIL, AND TIFTON 85 AFTER 8 YEARS OF APPLICATION

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of swine wastewater (SW), and its effect on the chemical attributes of soil and plants in a long-term experiment. The area was designed for an 8-year hay production, using Tifton 85 grass (Cynodon spp.), with an average annual application of 360 m3 ha-1, divided into 6 applications. Also, soil chemical composition was evaluated at 0.0-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m of depth, and the chemical composition of plant and vegetable materials on the ground were evaluated for two months (November and June). Concentrations of N, Ca, and Cu in SW did not decrease from the affluent to the storage lagoon. It was observed that the content of Cu, Zn, and Mn was classified as in excess in soil that could be a consequence of high levels of these micronutrients utilized in rations of swine in the SW supplier farm, mainly in the rations of piglets combined with a low extraction of these nutrients by plants. In relation to micronutrients and P (46.08 mg dm-3) in the soil, these should be evaluated in greater depth than performed in the present study, because the concentrations did not vary considerably among depths and were high. The concentrations of Cu and Zn were high in shoot plants with an average of 133.0 and 139.30 mg kg-1, respectively. The continuous use of SW should be monitored continuously through analyses of soil and waste, and alternatives must be researched to reduce the concentration of micronutrients and P in SW.