Crop responses to subsoil manuring. II. Comparing surface and subsoil manuring in north-eastern Victoria from 2011 to 2012

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
Jaikirat S. Gill ◽  
Peter W. Sale ◽  
Renick R. Peries ◽  
Caixian Tang
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Compacted Clay ◽  
Agronomic Effectiveness ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Large Yield ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
On Farm

An on-farm field-experiment was carried out in north-eastern Victoria in 2011 and 2012 to compare the agronomic effectiveness of surface and subsoil manuring on a Chromosol soil with a compacted clay subsoil. Surface manuring involved the surface application of 20 t poultry litter ha–1, whereas subsoil manuring involved deep-banding of the same quantity of litter in 30–40-cm-deep rip-lines, spaced 80 cm apart. Treatments were applied at the start of the first cropping season. The objective of the study was to determine whether surface manuring might produce the large yield responses reported for subsoil manuring. Both manuring treatments increased yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by >2.3 t ha–1 compared with the unamended control in 2011, when spring rainfall was close to the average. However, only subsoil manuring increased wheat yields in 2012, producing an extra 4.7 t ha–1 above the control, in a year with a very dry spring. This yield response suggests that subsoil manuring would be more effective than surface manuring in the second year after treatment in years with a dry finish.

scholarly journals Comparing the phosphorus requirements of wheat, lupin, and canola

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 983 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. A. Bolland ◽  
R. F. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Large Yield ◽  
P Content ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Phosphorus Requirements

Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), and canola (Brassica napus L.) are the major crop species grown in rotation on the predominantly sandy soils of south-western Australia. Comparisons among the species for yield responses to applied phosphorus (P), effects of applied P on growth rates of shoots, P response efficiency for shoot and grain production, and the pattern for accumulation of P into shoots during growth and into grain at maturity are rare, or are not known, and were quantified in the glasshouse study reported here. Size and P content (P concentration multiplied by yield) of sown seed were in the order canola < wheat < lupin. Therefore, yield responses to applied P were first observed at ~10 days after sowing (DAS) for canola, ~17 DAS for wheat, and ~60 DAS for lupin. Lupin shoots showed no yield response to applied P at the first harvest at 51 DAS. Otherwise all species showed large yield, P concentration, and P content responses to applied P for all harvests at 51, 78, 87, 101, 121, and 172 DAS. To produce 90% of the maximum grain yield, the relevant data for cropping, lupin required ~67% less P than wheat, canola required ~40% less P than wheat, and canola required ~75% more P than lupin. Growth rates, and P response efficiency, were generally largest for canola, followed by wheat, then lupin. For shoots, P accumulation was in the order lupin > wheat > canola at 51 DAS, canola > wheat > lupin at 78 and 87 DAS, canola > wheat = lupin at 101 DAS, and all 3 species were about similar at 121 DAS. For accumulation of P into shoots plus grain at maturity (172 DAS) the order was canola > lupin > wheat, and for grain only was canola > wheat = lupin.

Liming and re-liming needs of acidic soils used for crop - pasture rotations

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 577 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Slattery ◽  
G. W. Ganning ◽  
V. F. Burnett ◽  
D. R. Coventry
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Degradation Problem

Summary. In a long-term liming experiment in north-eastern Victoria, we have re-applied lime and applied gypsum (1992 season) to assess wheat grain yield responses with on-going changes in soil pH and extractable aluminium. An acid-sensitive wheat (cv. Oxley) was grown in 2 seasons (1992–93), 12 years after initial applications of lime. Where lime (2.5 t/ha) was applied in 1992 to a previously unlimed soil, grain yield was increased by 19 and 46% respectively in the 2 seasons. However, the yield from these newly limed plots was well below the yields obtained from plots limed in 1980. Re-liming plots limed in 1980 resulted in further yield increases, with lime re-applied at 2.5 t/ha increasing yields by 12% in both seasons. Gypsum decreased grain yields on unlimed soil in the year of application but in the second year gave increases in yield. Whilst pH had changed little in the unlimed soil over the 12 years, the concentrations of extractable aluminium in the root zone increased substantially such that these concentrations far exceed levels which may affect acid-sensitive wheats. Liming at 2.5 t/ha did reduce the aluminium at 0–10 cm depth, but the concentrations at 10–20 cm depth (11.7 mg/kg) are likely to restrict grain yield. The data illustrate the progressive nature of soil acidification and the risk to wheat productivity through delaying treating this soil degradation problem.

scholarly journals Differences in Small Plot and On-Farm Trials for Yield Response to Foliar Fungicide in Soybean

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuba R. Kandel ◽  
Catherine L. Hunt ◽  
Peter M. Kyveryga ◽  
Tristan A. Mueller ◽  
Daren S. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Power ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Variation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Foliar Fungicide ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Power Analyses

Soybean yield response variability to foliar fungicide applications was evaluated in on-farm replicated strip trials (OFTs) and small-plot trials (SPTs) from 2008 through 2015 in Iowa. A total of 230 OFTs and 49 SPTs were compared for yield response to pyraclostrobin, pyraclostrobin + fluxapyroxad, or trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole fungicides. OFTs (18 to 55 m wide and 200 to 800 m long strips) were harvested with farmers’ combines equipped with yield monitors and GPS, while SPTs (3.0 to 4.6 m wide and 10.7 to 15.3 m long plots) were harvested by small research plot combines. Variance component and power analyses were conducted with a subset of data consisting of 12 OFTs and SPTs, each with pyraclostrobin and evaluated in 2008 and 2009. While average yield responses were similar, the residual random yield variation was smaller in OFTs than SPTs. Power analysis showed that SPTs need more replications than OFTs to detect the same overall treatment differences. To detect a yield response of 134 kg/ha, it would require at least three treatment replications with 12 locations in OFTs and seven replications with 12 locations in SPTs. Researchers need to acknowledge the differences in statistical power of detecting yield responses to foliar fungicide on soybean in different types of field experiments, especially with smaller plot sizes in situations with less foliar disease.

scholarly journals CORN RESPONSE TO RESIDUAL N FROM UREA AND MANURES APPLIED IN PREVIOUS YEARS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 931-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. BEAUCHAMP
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Decay Series ◽  
Residual N ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Yield Responses

The response of corn (Zea mays L.) to residual N from several manures and urea was determined in the first and second years following application. Grain yields were obtained from six field trials conducted over a 12-yr period at the Elora Research Station. Manures or urea were applied at several rates during 1 or more years followed by 2 yr (3 yr for one trial) of yield measurements when N treatments were not applied. During the years when corn grain yield response to residual N was determined, one-half of each plot received 120 kg N ha−1 as anhydrous ammonia. This provided a potential yield which was used to evaluate a residual "organic manure" effect or the effect of manure in increasing yields over those obtained only with chemical fertilizers including N. The results indicated that yield responses from residual N from liquid dairy cattle manure and solid beef manure were considerably lower than that from liquid poultry manure and urea in the first year. In the second year there was only a small response from residual N from any of the sources. These results were used to formulate a "decay series" which agreed generally with several published decay series in that response to residual N decreased in a curvilinear manner. Residual N appeared to be less available than predicted by published decay series especially after the second year. There was no clear evidence in this study that manures provided an additional "organic manuring" effect of increasing yields over those obtained only with chemical fertilizers. Key words: Residual manure N, organic manuring effects, decay series

EFFECTS OF NITROGEN ON YIELD AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF MANITOU AND PITIC WHEATS GROWN UNDER IRRIGATION

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 887-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. DUBETZ
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
High Protein Content ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Yield Responses

In experiments with two cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) conducted under irrigation at two locations for 2 years, average grain yields of Pitic 62 were 30% higher than those of Manitou but protein content was 20% lower. Pitic produced 3% more total protein than Manitou. Yield responses to N fertilizer ranged from nil to 2139 kg/ha for Manitou and from 941 to 2778 kg/ha for Pitic. The maximum rate of application of N from which a yield response was obtained by Manitou was 110 kg/ha and by Pitic was 165 kg/ha. In 1 year at one location the protein content of Pitic was lower from the first N increment and that of Manitou from the first two increments than those of wheats from plots that received no N. The maximum rate of N from which protein increases were obtained was 220 kg/ha for both cultivars. It is possible to grow wheat with high protein content on irrigated land.

Moisture and nitrate conservation and reponses to following after medic ley in the Wimmera

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (57) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
CL Tuohey ◽  
AD Robson ◽  
DR Rooney
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Nitrate Accumulation ◽  
Large Yield ◽  
Yield Responses

The effect of three times of initial cultivation (August, October, February-March) on grain yield, grain protein content, moisture conservation, and nitrate accumulation was studied over a period of seven years at three sites in the Wimmera on land that had been under medic ley. Fallowing in winter (August) or spring (October) markedly increased grain yields but not grain-protein content when compared with the non-fallow control (initial cultivation in February-March). Variation in yield response to both winter and spring fallowing appeared to be associated mainly with variation in moisture conservation in the 30-60 cm layer. With winter fallowing, the nitrate that accumulated was associated with yield increases, but with spring fallowing the nitrate appeared to he associated with yield depression. However, the role of nitrate accumulation in determining yield responses to fallowing was only of minor importance. Suppression of weeds in the crop was not a factor in producing the large yield responses to fallowing since crops on both fallowed and non-fallowed areas were generally weedfree. Results obtained in the current experiments indicate that the aspects of climate suggested by work in South Australia as being the ones that determine yield responses to fallowing are not the ones which are important in the Wimmera. In this environment the most promising predictors of yield responses to fallowing appear to be April to August rainfall before commencement of the winter fallow and September rainfall before commencement of the spring fallow.

Grain yield responses to applied gibberellin in normal-height and semi-dwarf wheats

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Rahman ◽  
RG Flood ◽  
GM Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Normal Height ◽  
Mean Grain Size ◽  
Yield Responses

Yield responses to applied gibberellic acid (GA3) were measured in four normal-height (gibberellin-sensitive) and three semi-dwarf (gibberellin-insensitive) wheats (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.). Application was made to the head and leaves of the primary tiller separately at heading and jointly at heading and anthesis. The general effect of applied GA3was to decrease grain yield per head, mainly by decreasing the grain number. Increased yield was, however, obtained with two normal-height wheats due to increased grain number, when GA3was applied to the leaves alone at heading and jointly to the leaves and head at anthesis. There was a general decrease in the mean grain size of semi-dwarf wheats with all applications, while the response of the normal-height wheats ranged from little change to a significant increase. Thus distinct group differences between normal-height and semidwarf wheats in yield response were not apparent.

scholarly journals Eco-efficient agriculture for producing higher yields with lower greenhouse gas emissions: a case study of intensive irrigation wheat production in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 16879-16902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. L. Cui ◽  
Y. L. Ye ◽  
W. Q. Ma ◽  
X. P. Chen ◽  
F. S. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
On Farm

Abstract. Although the concept of producing higher yields with reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is a goal that attracts increasing public and scientific attention, the tradeoff between crop productivity and GHG emissions in intensive agricultural production is not well understood. In this study, we investigated 33 sites of on-farm experiments to evaluate the tradeoff between grain yield and GHG emissions using two systems (conventional practice, CP; high-yielding systems, HY) of intensive irrigation wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in China. Furthermore, we discussed the potential to produce higher yields with lower GHG emissions based on a survey of 2938 farmers. However, in both the HY and CP systems, wheat grain yield response to GHG emissions fit a linear-plateau model, whereas the curve for grain yield from the HY system was always higher than that from the CP system. Compared to the CP system, grain yield was 44% (2.6 Mg ha–1) higher in the HY system, while GHG emissions increased by only 2.5%, and GHG emission intensity was reduced by 29%. The current intensive irrigation wheat system with farmers' practice had a median yield and maximum GHG emission rate of 6.05 Mg ha–1 and 4783 kg CO2 eq ha–1, respectively; however, this system can be transformed to maintain yields while reducing GHG emissions by 40% (5.96 Mg ha–1, and 2890 kg CO2 eq ha–1). Further, the HY system was found to increase grain yield by 41% with a simultaneous reduction in GHG emissions by 38% (8.55 Mg ha–1, and 2961 kg CO2 eq ha–1, respectively). In the future, we suggest moving the tradeoff relationships and calculations from grain yield and GHG emissions, to new measures of productivity and environmental protection using innovative management technologies. This shift in focus is critical to achieve food and environmental security.

scholarly journals Response of wheat, pea, and canola to micronutrient fertilization on five contrasting prairie soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noabur Rahman ◽  
Jeff Schoenau
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Extraction ◽  
Dominant Form ◽  
Prairie Soils ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Cu And Zn

Abstract A polyhouse study was conducted to evaluate the relative effectiveness of different micronutrient fertilizer formulation and application methods on wheat, pea and canola, as indicated by yield response and fate of micronutrients in contrasting mineral soils. The underlying factors controlling micronutrient bioavailability in a soil–plant system were examined using chemical and spectroscopic speciation techniques. Application of Cu significantly improved grain and straw biomass yields of wheat on two of the five soils (Ukalta and Sceptre), of which the Ukalta soil was critically Cu deficient according to soil extraction with DTPA. The deficiency problem was corrected by either soil or foliar application of Cu fertilizers. There were no significant yield responses of pea to Zn fertilization on any of the five soils. For canola, soil placement of boric acid was effective in correcting the deficiency problem in Whitefox soil, while foliar application was not. Soil extractable Cu, Zn, and B concentration in post-harvest soils were increased with soil placement of fertilizers, indicating that following crops in rotation could benefit from this application method. The chemical and XANES spectroscopic speciation indicates that carbonate associated is the dominant form of Cu and Zn in prairie soils, where chemisorption to carbonates is likely the major process that determines the fate of added Cu and Zn fertilizer.

Effect of the number of parents and their combining ability on the performance of synthetic varieties in tall fescue

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Piano ◽  
P. Annicchiarico ◽  
M. Romani ◽  
L. Pecetti
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Temperature Pattern ◽  
Synthetic Varieties ◽  
Yield Values ◽  
Yield Responses

Finding the optimal parent number for synthetic varieties has a crucial importance in forage breeding. The objective of this work was exploring this number for Mediterranean tall fescue selected for forage yield. The general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability of parents, and their effects on the performance and the inbreeding depression of synthetics, were also assessed. The full-sib families from the diallel cross of 20 genotypes chosen from well performing populations were evaluated for fresh biomass over 13 harvests in Sanluri (Sardinia, Italy). The Syn 1 and Syn 2 of 15 synthetics varying in parent number (4, 8, 12, 16 or 20) and, within same number, in mean GCA of parents were evaluated for dry matter yield over 11 harvests in Lodi (northern Italy) in a greenhouse simulating the temperature pattern of a Mediterranean environment. The yield responses of Syn 2 synthetics with 2 to 20 parents with highest mean GCA were predicted from yield values of S1 and F1 progenies, also evaluated in Lodi. The variance of GCA effects was almost 2-fold larger than that of SCA effects. The observed vigour loss from Syn 1 to Syn 2 of the 4-parent synthetics (−6%) tended to be greater than those of higher parent number groups. The 4-parent synthetics with larger SCA effects tended to greater inbreeding depression. The comparison among synthetics with different parent number and highest GCA of their parents indicated the superiority of the 4-parent synthetic over any other in both generations (P < 0.05). The predicted yield response was maximised by the 3-parent synthetic. The results and other considerations suggest adoption of 4- to 6-parent synthetics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document