Grain yield responses to applied gibberellin in normal-height and semi-dwarf wheats

1981 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Rahman ◽  
RG Flood ◽  
GM Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Normal Height ◽  
Mean Grain Size ◽  
Yield Responses

Yield responses to applied gibberellic acid (GA3) were measured in four normal-height (gibberellin-sensitive) and three semi-dwarf (gibberellin-insensitive) wheats (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.). Application was made to the head and leaves of the primary tiller separately at heading and jointly at heading and anthesis. The general effect of applied GA3was to decrease grain yield per head, mainly by decreasing the grain number. Increased yield was, however, obtained with two normal-height wheats due to increased grain number, when GA3was applied to the leaves alone at heading and jointly to the leaves and head at anthesis. There was a general decrease in the mean grain size of semi-dwarf wheats with all applications, while the response of the normal-height wheats ranged from little change to a significant increase. Thus distinct group differences between normal-height and semidwarf wheats in yield response were not apparent.

EFFECTS OF INCREMENTAL N FERTILIZATION ON GRAIN YIELD AND DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION OF SIX SPRING WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) CULTIVARS IN SOUTHERN MANITOBA

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. T. GEHL ◽  
L. D. BAILEY ◽  
C. A. GRANT ◽  
J. M. SADLER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation

A 3-yr study was conducted on three Orthic Black Chernozemic soils to determine the effects of incremental N fertilization on grain yield and dry matter accumulation and distribution of six spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Urea (46–0–0) was sidebanded at seeding in 40 kg N ha−1 increments from 0 to 240 kg ha−1 in the first year and from 0 to 200 kg ha−1 in the 2 subsequent years. Nitrogen fertilization increased the grain and straw yields of all cultivars in each experiment. The predominant factor affecting the N response and harvest index of each cultivar was available moisture. At two of the three sites, 91% of the interexperiment variability in mean maximum grain yield was explained by variation in root zone moisture at seeding. Mean maximum total dry matter varied by less than 12% among cultivars, but mean maximum grain yield varied by more than 30%. Three semidwarf cultivars, HY 320, Marshall and Solar, had consistently higher grain yield and grain yield response to N than Glenlea and Katepwa, two standard height cultivars, and Len, a semidwarf. The mean maximum grain yield of HY 320 was the highest of the cultivars on test and those of Katepwa and Len the lowest. Len produced the least straw and total dry matter. The level of N fertilization at maximum grain yield varied among cultivars, sites and years. Marshall and Solar required the highest and Len the lowest N rates to achieve maximum grain yield. The year-to-year variation in rates of N fertilization needed to produce maximum grain yield on a specific soil type revealed the limitations of N fertility recommendations based on "average" amounts and temporal distribution of available moisture.Key words: Wheat (spring), N response, standard height, semidwarf, grain yield

Post-anthesis sink size in a high-yielding dwarf wheat: yield response to grain number

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Fischer ◽  
I Aguilar ◽  
DR Laing
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Fertilization ◽  
Sink Size ◽  
The One

Experiments to study the effect of grain number per sq metre on kernel weight and grain yield in a high-yielding dwarf spring wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Yecora 70) were conducted in three seasons (1971–1973) under high-fertility irrigated conditions in north-western Mexico. Crop thinning, shading and carbon dioxide fertilization (reported elsewhere), and crowding treatments, all carried out at or before anthesis, led to a wide range in grain numbers (4000 to 34,000/m2). Results indicated the response of grain yield to changing sink size (grains per sq metre), with the post-anthesis environment identical for all crops each year, and with all but the thinner crops intercepting most of the post-anthesis solar radiation. Kernel weight fell linearly with increase in grain number over the whole range of grain numbers studied, but the rate of fall varied with the season. Grain yield, however, increased, reaching a maximum at grain numbers well above those of crops grown with optimal agronomic management but without manipulation. It was concluded that the grain yield in normal crops was limited by both sink and post-anthesis source. There was some doubt, however, as to the interpretation of results from crowded crops, because of likely artificial increases in crop respiration on the one hand, and on the other, in labile carbohydrate reserves in the crops at anthesis. Also deterioration in grain plumpness (hectolitre weight) complicates the simple inference that further gains in yield can come from increased grain numbers alone.

scholarly journals Assessment of foliar-applied phosphorus fertiliser formulations to enhance phosphorus nutrition and grain production in wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese M. McBeath ◽  
Evelina Facelli ◽  
Courtney A. E. Peirce ◽  
Viran Kathri Arachchige ◽  
Michael J. McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Isotopic Dilution ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Phosphorus Fertiliser ◽  
P Application ◽  
P Recovery ◽  
Fertiliser Application

The ability to utilise foliar-applied phosphorus (P) as a strategy to increase the P status and yield of grain crops grown in dryland regions with variable climates is attractive. Several P formulations with varying pH, accompanying cations and adjuvants were tested for their effectiveness as foliar fertilisers for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants, first under controlled and then under field conditions. Experiments under controlled conditions suggested that several formulations with specific chemistries offered promise with respect to wheat fertiliser-P recovery and biomass responses. These formulations were then evaluated in two field experiments, and although wheat grown at the sites showed substantive responses to soil-applied P, there was no significant grain-yield response to foliar-applied P. Following the limited responses to foliar-applied fertiliser in the field, we used an isotopic dilution technique to test the hypothesis that the variation in responses of wheat to foliar addition of P could be explained by a mechanism of substitution, whereby root P uptake is downregulated when P is taken up through the leaves, but this was proven not to be the case. We conclude that foliar P application cannot be used as a tactical fertiliser application to boost grain yield of wheat in dryland regions.

scholarly journals Comparing the phosphorus requirements of wheat, lupin, and canola

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 983 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. A. Bolland ◽  
R. F. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Large Yield ◽  
P Content ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Phosphorus Requirements

Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), and canola (Brassica napus L.) are the major crop species grown in rotation on the predominantly sandy soils of south-western Australia. Comparisons among the species for yield responses to applied phosphorus (P), effects of applied P on growth rates of shoots, P response efficiency for shoot and grain production, and the pattern for accumulation of P into shoots during growth and into grain at maturity are rare, or are not known, and were quantified in the glasshouse study reported here. Size and P content (P concentration multiplied by yield) of sown seed were in the order canola < wheat < lupin. Therefore, yield responses to applied P were first observed at ~10 days after sowing (DAS) for canola, ~17 DAS for wheat, and ~60 DAS for lupin. Lupin shoots showed no yield response to applied P at the first harvest at 51 DAS. Otherwise all species showed large yield, P concentration, and P content responses to applied P for all harvests at 51, 78, 87, 101, 121, and 172 DAS. To produce 90% of the maximum grain yield, the relevant data for cropping, lupin required ~67% less P than wheat, canola required ~40% less P than wheat, and canola required ~75% more P than lupin. Growth rates, and P response efficiency, were generally largest for canola, followed by wheat, then lupin. For shoots, P accumulation was in the order lupin > wheat > canola at 51 DAS, canola > wheat > lupin at 78 and 87 DAS, canola > wheat = lupin at 101 DAS, and all 3 species were about similar at 121 DAS. For accumulation of P into shoots plus grain at maturity (172 DAS) the order was canola > lupin > wheat, and for grain only was canola > wheat = lupin.

scholarly journals The impact of source or sink limitations on yield formation of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) due to post-anthesis water and nitrogen deficiencies

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 218-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Madani ◽  
A. Shirani-Rad ◽  
A. Pazoki ◽  
G. Nourmohammadi ◽  
R. Zarghami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiencies ◽  
Rainfed Wheat ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
The Impact

The experiments were laid out to understand the mechanisms causing yield limitations imposed by post-anthesis water and nitrogen deficiencies in plants with modified source-sink ratios. Two soil-water regimes were allotted to the main plots. At anthesis, three levels of N were applied: none, 25% and 50% of total the N supply. Spike-halving caused reduction in grain yield at both water regimes and all N supply levels, showing that the reduction in grain number can not be compensated by a higher individual grain weight. Sink reduction by trimming 50% of the spikelets reduced grain number per ear by 38.5% and increased individual grain weight by 12.0%, which shows the plasticity in grain weight and grain set of wheat if sufficient assimilates are available. Additional nitrogen supply at anthesis had no significant effect on the total aboveground biomass, but increased grain yield through more allocation of dry matter to grains. Our findings suggest that for rainfed wheat with optimum N supply and supplemental irrigation, wheat growers should choose cultivars with a high grain number per ear and manage the crop to increase grain number per unit of land (sink capacity).

scholarly journals Short- and Long-Term Effects of Lime and Gypsum Applications on Acid Soils in a Water-Limited Environment: 1. Grain Yield Response and Nutrient Concentration

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey C. Anderson ◽  
Shahab Pathan ◽  
James Easton ◽  
David J. M. Hall ◽  
Rajesh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Growing Seasons

Surface (0–10 cm) and subsoil (soil layers below 10 cm) acidity and resulting aluminum (Al) toxicity reduce crop grain yields. In South Western Australia (SWA), these constraints affect 14.2 million hectares or 53% of the agricultural area. Both lime (L, CaCO3) and gypsum (G, CaSO4) application can decrease the toxic effect of Al, leading to an increase in crop grain yields. Within the region, it is unclear if G alone or the combined use of L and G has a role in alleviating soil acidity in SWA, due to low sulfate S (SO4–S) sorption properties of the soil. We present results from three experiments located in the eastern wheatbelt of SWA, which examined the short-term (ST, 2 growing seasons), medium-term (MT, 3 growing seasons), and long-term (LT, 7 growing seasons over 10 years) effects of L and G on grain yield and plant nutrient concentrations. Despite the rapid leaching of SO4–S and no self-liming impact, it was profitable to apply G, due to the significant ST grain yield responses. The grain yield response to G developed even following relatively dry years, but declined over time due to SO4–S leaching. At the LT experimental site had received no previous L application, whereas, at the ST and MT sites, L had been applied by the grower over the previous 5–10 years. For the LT site, the most profitable treatment for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield, was the combined application of 4 t L ha−1 with 2 t G ha−1. At this site, the 0–10 cm soil pHCaCl2 was 4.6, and AlCaCl2 was greater than 2.5 mg kg−1 in the 10–30 cm soil layer. In contrast, at the ST and MT sites, the pHCaCl2 of 0–10 cm soil layer was ≥5.5; it was only profitable to apply G to the MT site where the soil compaction constraint had been removed by deep ripping. The use of L increases soil pHCaCl2, resulting in the improved availability of anions, phosphorus (P) in the LT and molybdenum (Mo) at all sampling times, but reduced availability of cations zinc (Zn) in the LT and manganese (Mn) at all sampling. The application of G reduced Mo concentrations, due to the high SO4–S content of the soil.

HY355 WHITE SPRING WHEAT

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1245-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. DE PAUW ◽  
T. F. TOWNLEY-SMITH ◽  
T. N. McCAIG ◽  
J. M. CLARKE ◽  
J. G. McLEOD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Hardness ◽  
Normal Height ◽  
Key Words Wheat ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Photoperiod Insensitivity

HY355, white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) combines high grain yield, normal height and photoperiod insensitivity. HY355 is heterogeneous for kernel hardness with 55% of the breeder lines rated hard and 45% rated soft. HY355 is the first registered wheat cultivar eligible for grades of Canada Prairie Spring (white). It received a 2-yr interim registration on 6 May 1988.Key words: Wheat (spring), cultivar description

scholarly journals Genetic variation of several bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes based on some morphological traits

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
NASER SABAGHNIA ◽  
MOHSEN JANMOHAMMADI ◽  
ADEL BASHIRI ◽  
REZA ASGHARI-SHIRGHAN
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

The genetic diversity among 56 bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes was evaluated by 18 agronomical traits in the experimental field at Maragheh, Iran. Significant differences among bread wheat genotypes in all of the measured traits i.e. stem diameter, plant height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, tiller number, internode length, peduncle length, spike length, floret number, spikelet number, grain number, length of awn, grain diameter, grain length, the number of days to flowering, thousand seed weight and grain yield. The coefficient of variation (CV) was high for grain yield (25.61%), number of tillers per plant (22.06%) and number of grains per spike (21.45). The other remaining traits recorded moderate to low CV estimates from 14.30% in grain number per spike to 4.81% in days to flowering. The largest thousand seed weight was 45.93 g, the lowest thousand seed weight was 26.16 g and the mean thousand seed weight was 37.85 g. The mean performance of grain yield was 5031.2 kg ha-1, the minimum grain yield was 2835.0 kg ha-1 and the maximum grain yield was 7125.3 kg ha-1. Ward’s minimum variance cluster analysis based on squared Euclidian distance on the raw data of 18 agronomic traits clearly separated five clusters. In general, cluster analysis of the 56 genotypes based on the selected agronomic traits was consistent with known information. Our plant materials could be important germplasm resources for enriching the genetic background of commercial cultivars. Such genetic differences of bread wheat traits studied in this investigation can be applied as a new source of variation in other breeding programs and crossing nurseries in breeding program

Sulfur and nitrogen responses by barley and wheat on a sandy soil in a semi-arid environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 894
Author(s):  
M. K. Conyers ◽  
J. E. Holland ◽  
B. Haskins ◽  
R. Whitworth ◽  
G. J. Poile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Semi Arid

Soil testing guidelines for sulfur (S) under dryland cropping in south-eastern Australia are not well developed. Our objective was to assess the value of soil and tissue tests for S and nitrogen (N), because the two minerals frequently interact), in predicting S-deficient sites and hence increasing the probability of response to application of S (and N). Here, we report three proximal experiments in 2014–16 for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on a sandy soil in a semi-arid environment near Merriwagga in western New South Wales. The trials contained a factorial combination of four rates of each of applied N as urea and S as high-grade gypsum. Responses to S were obtained for dry matter (DM) quantity and nutrient content at flowering in 2014, but no grain-yield response was obtained in any year. DM response to applied S was obtained when the concentration of S in the DM was increased from 0.08% in barley and 0.09% in wheat without S application to 0.10–0.11% in both crops with S applied as gypsum. Because we obtained no grain-yield responses to applied S, the 0.10% S in grain was likely to have been adequate for both crops in these experiments. A pool of subsoil S was accessed during each season and this compensated for any DM deficiencies of S by the time of grainfill. Shallow soil tests (0–10 cm) for S can therefore indicate sufficiency but not necessarily deficiency; therefore, in grain-cropping areas, we recommend soil S tests on the same samples as used for deep N testing (to 60 cm) and that an S-budgeting approach be used following the soil tests. Furthermore, for marginal nutritional circumstances such as occurred in this study, the supporting use of N:S ratio is recommended, with values &gt;17 in DM or grain likely to indicate S deficiency for both barley and wheat.

Recovery of fertiliser nitrogen in wheat grain and its implications for economic fertiliser use

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Doyle ◽  
CC Leckie
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
N Application ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Fertiliser Use ◽  
Yield Responses

Grain yield, protein, and nitrogen uptake responses are reported for 6 wheat fertiliser experiments in northern New South Wales which were representative of sites that were highly responsive, moderately responsive, and non-responsive to nitrogen (N) fertiliser applied at sowing. Apparent recoveries of applied N of 33-57% in the grain were recorded where grain yield was steeply increasing in response to additional applied N. Where yield increases were smaller in response to increments of N fertiliser, N recovery was 22-3096, but where further N application increased grain protein content but not grain yield, apparent recovery of additional fertiliser N fell below 20%. Apparent recovery was less than 10% in experiments where there was no yield response to N fertiliser. The implications for fertiliser recommendations are discussed relative to potential premium payment for wheat protein levels. It was concluded that established premium payments are too low to make N application an economic proposition to increase grain protein levels in the absence of grain yield responses.

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