scholarly journals CORN RESPONSE TO RESIDUAL N FROM UREA AND MANURES APPLIED IN PREVIOUS YEARS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 931-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. BEAUCHAMP
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Decay Series ◽  
Residual N ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Yield Responses

The response of corn (Zea mays L.) to residual N from several manures and urea was determined in the first and second years following application. Grain yields were obtained from six field trials conducted over a 12-yr period at the Elora Research Station. Manures or urea were applied at several rates during 1 or more years followed by 2 yr (3 yr for one trial) of yield measurements when N treatments were not applied. During the years when corn grain yield response to residual N was determined, one-half of each plot received 120 kg N ha−1 as anhydrous ammonia. This provided a potential yield which was used to evaluate a residual "organic manure" effect or the effect of manure in increasing yields over those obtained only with chemical fertilizers including N. The results indicated that yield responses from residual N from liquid dairy cattle manure and solid beef manure were considerably lower than that from liquid poultry manure and urea in the first year. In the second year there was only a small response from residual N from any of the sources. These results were used to formulate a "decay series" which agreed generally with several published decay series in that response to residual N decreased in a curvilinear manner. Residual N appeared to be less available than predicted by published decay series especially after the second year. There was no clear evidence in this study that manures provided an additional "organic manuring" effect of increasing yields over those obtained only with chemical fertilizers. Key words: Residual manure N, organic manuring effects, decay series

Dry matter yield response of pasture grass to application of Nemafos (thionazin).

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
G.C. Ennik
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Main Factor ◽  
Stimulation Of

Results of several field trials on the response of permanent grass swards and of sown swards with and without clover to application of thionazin (as Nemafos) at about 8 ml/m2 before each cut are described. Where N was the main factor limiting growth, plots with Nemafos grew better than the controls because of an increase in available soil N. At high levels of N, growth was improved because of direct stimulation of regrowth after cutting. Nemafos had a favourable effect, which lasted longer with successive cuts, on the development and vigour of tillers. The yield responses were unrelated to control of nematodes. [See also HbA 39, 422]. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Pasture yield responses to irrigation in Canterbury

1994 ◽  
pp. 165-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Mcbride
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Term Trial ◽  
Water Restrictions ◽  
Yield Responses

Major findings from 13 pasture irrigation experiments conducted in Canterbury are discussed. Yields and response curves on 8 of the experimental sites were very similar to those of the long-term trial (34 years) site at the Winchmore Research Station. Irrigating when soil moisture dried to 50% asm (available soil moisture), increased annual pasture DM yields by an average of 5.2 t/ha DM (80% increase over the non-irrigated yield). Response per irrigation and yield variation between years decreased as the number of irrigations increased. During water restrictions, irrigators often choose to either keep watering their whole farm with a longer irrigation return period, or drop out paddocks and fully irrigate the remainder. The irrigation response data are used to discuss these and other possible strategies. Keywords: irrigation, pasture yields, response curves, water restrictions

Meta-analysis of soybean yield response to foliar fungicides evaluated from 2005 to 2018 in the United States and Canada

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuba Raj Kandel ◽  
Catherine L. Hunt ◽  
Keith A Ames ◽  
Nicholas Arneson ◽  
Carl Bradley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Application Date ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Spray Control

Random-effect meta-analyses were performed on data from 240 field trials conducted between 2005 and 2018 across nine U.S. states and Ontario, Canada, to quantify the yield response of soybean after application of foliar fungicides at beginning pod (R3). Meta-analysis showed that the overall mean yield response when fungicide was used compared to not applying a fungicide was 2.7% (110 kg/ha). Moderator variables were also investigated and included fungicide group, growing season, planting date, and base yield, which all significantly influenced the yield response. There was also evidence that precipitation from the time of planting to the R3 growth stage influenced yield when fungicide was used (P = 0.059). Fungicides containing a premix of active ingredients from multiple groups (either two or three ingredients) increased the yield by 3.0% over not applying a fungicide. The highest and lowest yield responses were observed in 2005 and 2007, respectively. Better yield response to fungicides (a 3.0% increase) occurred when soybeans were planted not later than 21 May and when total precipitation between planting and the R3 application date was above historic averages. Temperatures during the season did not influence the yield response . Yield response to fungicide was higher (a 4.7% increase) in average yield category (no spray control yield 2878 to 3758 kg/ha) and then gradually decreased with increasing base yield. Partial economic analyses indicated that use of foliar fungicides is less likely to be profitable when foliar diseases are absent or at low levels.

scholarly journals Integrated Effects of Poultry Manure and Chemical Fertilizer on Yield, Nutrient Balance and Economics of Wetland Rice Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
F Rahman ◽  
ATMS Hossain ◽  
MR Islam
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Rice Culture ◽  
Land Type

Field trials were conducted for two years to evaluate the integrated effect of poultry manure (PM) and chemical fertilizers on yield, nutrient balance and economics of rice at BRRI, Gazipur (AEZ-28 and land type- High Land) during Boro 2009 to T. Aman 2010. Eight treatment combinations, where PM @ 1, 2, 3 t ha-1 with IPNS (Integrated plant nutrient system) based dose and PM @ 1, 2, 3 t ha-1 with 50% STB (soil test based) dose along with a control and 100% STB chemical fertilizer were tested. Immediate effects of manure and fertilizer were evaluated in Boro season and residual effects were observed in the following T. Aman season. Application of PM @ 2 t ha-1 with IPNS based chemical fertilizer or PM @ 3 t ha-1 with 50% STB dose gave higher grain yield in Boro season. Some residual effects in the succeeding T. Aman rice were observed where PM was used @ 3 t ha-1. The highest net return was obtained with 3 t PM ha-1 with 50% STB dose. A positive nutrient balance of phosphorus and sulfur were observed in PM and chemical fertilizer treated plots. Bangladesh Rice j. 2018, 22(2): 71-77

scholarly journals Integrated Nutrient Management for Tomato-Okraindian Spinach Cropping Pattern

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-603
Author(s):  
S Noor ◽  
NC Shil ◽  
MM Uddin ◽  
MK Alam
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Suitable Combination ◽  
Second Year

Field experiment on Tomato-Okra-Indian spinach cropping pattern was     conducted at a farmer’s homestead of Tangail (AEZ 8) during 2007-08 and 2008-09 to find out a suitable combination of chemical fertilizers and organic manure for sustainable crop yield. There were 5 treatments comprising different percentages of the recommended chemical fertilizers (RCF) with two levels (0 and 5 t/ha) for tomato and three levels (0, 2.5 and 5 t/ha) for okra each of poultry manure and cowdung. No organic manure was used for the third crop Indian Spinach. The treatments were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. An amount of 75% dose of RCF (N150P40K80S20Zn2B1 kg/ha) along with poultry manure @ 5 t/ha appeared as the best suited combination providing tomato yield 95.3 t/ha and 88.2 t/ha for the first year and  second year, respectively. Again, an amount of 75% dose of RCF(N120P35K70S15Zn2B1 kg/ha) along with poultry manure @ 2.5 t/ha appeared as the best package providing the highest okra yield (15.03 t/ha and 12.98 t/ha). The highest yield (36.3 t/ha and 33.7 t/ha for the first and second year, respectively) of Indian Spinach was recorded from (75% recommended N + PM residue), which was statistically identical with (100 % recommended N), but significantly higher over rest of the treatments. Poultry manure performed better over cow dung. A package of 75% recommended chemical fertilizer along with 5 t PM/ha appeared as the best suited combination providing higher yield and economic return. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i4.11747 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 36(4): 595-603, December 2011

scholarly journals A Quantitative Synthesis of the Efficacy and Profitability of Conventional and Biological Fungicides for Botrytis Fruit Rot Management on Strawberry in Florida

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 2505-2511
Author(s):  
Leandro G. Cordova ◽  
Felipe Dalla Lana ◽  
Pierce A. Paul ◽  
Natalia A. Peres
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Quantitative Synthesis ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Yield Responses

Botrytis fruit rot (BFR) is a major disease that affects strawberry production in Florida and worldwide. BFR management relies on frequent fungicide applications. A meta-analysis was conducted on the outcomes from nine field trials to evaluate the efficacy and profitability of conventional and biological fungicides compared with a nontreated control (NTC). All trials were conducted in Florida between the 2005/06 and 2016/17 growing seasons. Fungicide treatments were applied weekly, and plots were harvested twice a week for yield and BFR incidence quantification. Treatments were grouped into four categories: NTC, multisite only (Thiram), Standard (captan alternated with fludioxonil + cyprodinil), and Bacillus. Following primary analyses, a random effects network meta-analytical model was fitted to estimate the mean yield and BFR incidence responses for each treatment group and to compare means between pairs of groups. The Thiram and the Standard treatment groups increased yield by 378.8 and 502.2 kg/ha/week, respectively, compared with the NTC. The yield difference between Bacillus and NTC was not statistically significant. Besides increasing yield, Thiram and Standard also reduced BFR incidence by approximately 10% compared with the NTC. The mean yield responses and among-study variability from the meta-analysis were used to estimate the probability of a given yield response in a new future trial. The Standard and Thiram treatment groups showed higher estimated probabilities of increasing yield and resulting in a profitable return on application investments than the Bacillus group of treatments. The results from this study provide growers with information that will aid their decision-making process regarding BFR management.

PREDICTION DES BESOINS EN ENGRAIS N, P et K DES LEGUMES CULTIVES EN SOL MINERAL: LES CHOUX

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-123
Author(s):  
EMILE CHAMBERLAND
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
High K ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendations ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
K Fertilization

The objective of this study was to verify and improve the accuracy of fertilizer recommendations for growing cole crops on mineral soils. To achieve this end, 21 field trials were conducted on 12 soils during 1978–1981; of these trials, 13 were performed with late cabbage and Brussels sprouts and eight early cabbage and brocoli. The test crops were fertilized at four rates of N, P and K, and yield responses were related to soil test values. The Cate-Nelson iteration method was used to partition soils into three different classes according to their yield response to fertilization. Furthermore, polynomial and Mitscherlich equations were fitted to yield versus soil K and P data. These procedures suggested that fertilizer recommendations would be more precise by classifying these crops into early- and late-maturing groups. Accordingly, the recommended fertilization rates for soils containing a deficient or medium P supply were 70 and 80 kg P/ha for early and late crops, respectively. A clear yield response by early cabbage to K fertilization was indicated for soils containing a medium K supply; on these soils maximum yields would be achieved with an application of about 180 kg K/ha. On the other hand late cabbage and Brussels sprouts apparently only needed about 120 kg K/ha to achieve maximum yields on the same class of soils. While an increase in yields attributable to K fertilization is unlikely on soils containing a low and high K supply, a rate of 120 kg K/ha is nonetheless recommended to ensure maximum yield and maintain soil fertility levels. As regards N-fertilization, maximum yields early and late crop were produced with 160 and 180 kg N/ha, respectively. Key words: Fertilizer, N, P, K, vegetables, cabbages

Effects of Mowing, Seeding Rate, and Foliar Fungicide on Soybean Sclerotinia Stem Rot and Yield

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt A. Carpenter ◽  
Adam J. Sisson ◽  
Yuba R. Kandel ◽  
Viviana Ortiz ◽  
Martin I. Chilvers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cultural Practice ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Potential Yield

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR or white mold), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) DeBary, is an economically important fungal disease of soybean. SSR routinely causes yield loss in the upper Corn Belt of the United States due to wet, humid conditions that coincide with moderate temperatures. This study investigated the novel cultural practice of mechanical cutting, or mowing, as an SSR management practice across multiple seeding rates. Mowing soybean during early vegetative growth alters plant architecture and growth habit. This results in a microclimate within the canopy less suitable for disease development. Field trials were conducted in Iowa, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin in 2017 and 2018. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Treatments included mowing (mowing and no mowing), seeding rate (197,684, 271,816, and 345,947 seeds/ha), and fungicide application (boscalid, Endura, and no fungicide). Soybean was mowed at approximately the V4 (four unfolded trifoliate leaves) growth stage. Mowing reduced disease in multiple locations; however, it also reduced yield in most of the locations. In general, there was less SSR in plots with lower seeding rates. Fungicide significantly reduced SSR in two of the five site-years for which disease was observed. Significant yield response to fungicide was also observed in two of the nine total field trials. Results indicate cultural practices such as mowing and reduced seeding rate can decrease SSR severity but also can impact potential yield. Additionally, yield response to SSR management practices may not be observed if disease is absent or at low levels.

Crop responses to subsoil manuring. II. Comparing surface and subsoil manuring in north-eastern Victoria from 2011 to 2012

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
Jaikirat S. Gill ◽  
Peter W. Sale ◽  
Renick R. Peries ◽  
Caixian Tang
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Compacted Clay ◽  
Agronomic Effectiveness ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Large Yield ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
On Farm

An on-farm field-experiment was carried out in north-eastern Victoria in 2011 and 2012 to compare the agronomic effectiveness of surface and subsoil manuring on a Chromosol soil with a compacted clay subsoil. Surface manuring involved the surface application of 20 t poultry litter ha–1, whereas subsoil manuring involved deep-banding of the same quantity of litter in 30–40-cm-deep rip-lines, spaced 80 cm apart. Treatments were applied at the start of the first cropping season. The objective of the study was to determine whether surface manuring might produce the large yield responses reported for subsoil manuring. Both manuring treatments increased yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by >2.3 t ha–1 compared with the unamended control in 2011, when spring rainfall was close to the average. However, only subsoil manuring increased wheat yields in 2012, producing an extra 4.7 t ha–1 above the control, in a year with a very dry spring. This yield response suggests that subsoil manuring would be more effective than surface manuring in the second year after treatment in years with a dry finish.

Responses of soybean genotypes to intercropping with maize in the Southern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
C. U. Egbo ◽  
M. A. Adagba ◽  
D. K. Adedzwa
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Ecological Zone ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Location Interaction

Field trials were conducted in the wet seasons of 1997 and 1998 at Makurdi, Otukpo and Yandev in the Southern Guinea Savanna ecological zone of Nigeria to study the responses of ten soybean genotypes to intercropping. The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design. The genotypes TGX 1807-19F, NCRI-Soy2, Cameroon Late and TGX 1485-1D had the highest grain yield. All the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) values were higher than unity, indicating that there is great advantage in intercropping maize with soybean. The yield of soybean was positively correlated with the days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, pods/plant and leaf area, indicating that an improvement in any of these traits will be reflected in an increase in seed yield. There was a significant genotype × yield × location interaction for all traits. This suggests that none of these factors acted independently. Similarly, the genotype × location interaction was more important than the genotype × year interaction for seed yield, indicating that the yield response of the ten soybean genotypes varied across locations rather than across years. Therefore, using more testing sites for evaluation may be more important than the number of years.

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