Moisture and nitrate conservation and reponses to following after medic ley in the Wimmera

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (57) ◽  
pp. 414 ◽  
Author(s):  
CL Tuohey ◽  
AD Robson ◽  
DR Rooney
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Nitrate Accumulation ◽  
Large Yield ◽  
Yield Responses

The effect of three times of initial cultivation (August, October, February-March) on grain yield, grain protein content, moisture conservation, and nitrate accumulation was studied over a period of seven years at three sites in the Wimmera on land that had been under medic ley. Fallowing in winter (August) or spring (October) markedly increased grain yields but not grain-protein content when compared with the non-fallow control (initial cultivation in February-March). Variation in yield response to both winter and spring fallowing appeared to be associated mainly with variation in moisture conservation in the 30-60 cm layer. With winter fallowing, the nitrate that accumulated was associated with yield increases, but with spring fallowing the nitrate appeared to he associated with yield depression. However, the role of nitrate accumulation in determining yield responses to fallowing was only of minor importance. Suppression of weeds in the crop was not a factor in producing the large yield responses to fallowing since crops on both fallowed and non-fallowed areas were generally weedfree. Results obtained in the current experiments indicate that the aspects of climate suggested by work in South Australia as being the ones that determine yield responses to fallowing are not the ones which are important in the Wimmera. In this environment the most promising predictors of yield responses to fallowing appear to be April to August rainfall before commencement of the winter fallow and September rainfall before commencement of the spring fallow.

Skeleton weed (Chondrilla juncea) in the Victorian Mallee. 3. The effects of applied phosphorus and nitrogen on wheat on infested land

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (49) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
GJ Wells
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Chondrilla Juncea

Eight fertilizer experiments were conducted at five locations in the Mallee from 1963 to 1966, following both lucerne and volunteer pastures, to study responses to applied phosphorus and nitrogen in wheat on sandy soils infested with skeleton weed (Chondrilla juncea). Each year two separate sites were selected-one having no history of sown pasture, the other having supported a poor, but typical lucerne stand for several years. In most years, grain yields were markedly increased by both nutrients following either lucerne or volunteer pasture, and a large positive interaction occurred between phosphorus and nitrogen at five sites. The response to nitrogen obtained after lucerne was due to the low density of the lucerne stands, which had had little effect on skeleton weed populations and soil nitrogen levels. Total yield variation depended mainly on the number of fertile tillers (66 per cent) and grain number per ear (19 per cent). On the other hand, the yield increases to phosphorus and nitrogen were attributed mainly to increases in the number of grains per ear, although increased tiller number also contributed. Grain weight was of little importance in both total yield and yield response. The level of grain protein content depended mainly on the growing season rainfall (r = -0.832). Application of phosphorus reduced grain protein content, and nitrogen increased it. The response to applied nitrogen was related to growing season rainfall (r = 0.783) and the difficulty of determining optimum rates of application is discussed.

Recovery of fertiliser nitrogen in wheat grain and its implications for economic fertiliser use

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Doyle ◽  
CC Leckie
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
N Application ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Fertiliser Use ◽  
Yield Responses

Grain yield, protein, and nitrogen uptake responses are reported for 6 wheat fertiliser experiments in northern New South Wales which were representative of sites that were highly responsive, moderately responsive, and non-responsive to nitrogen (N) fertiliser applied at sowing. Apparent recoveries of applied N of 33-57% in the grain were recorded where grain yield was steeply increasing in response to additional applied N. Where yield increases were smaller in response to increments of N fertiliser, N recovery was 22-3096, but where further N application increased grain protein content but not grain yield, apparent recovery of additional fertiliser N fell below 20%. Apparent recovery was less than 10% in experiments where there was no yield response to N fertiliser. The implications for fertiliser recommendations are discussed relative to potential premium payment for wheat protein levels. It was concluded that established premium payments are too low to make N application an economic proposition to increase grain protein levels in the absence of grain yield responses.

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and protein content of wheat grown under different cropping rotations

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 450 ◽  
Author(s):  
VF McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Marked Variability ◽  
Wheat Pasture ◽  
Cropping Rotation ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and grain protein content of several cultivars of wheat grown under wheat-fallow and wheat-pasture-pasture-fallow rotations was studied in the Victorian Mallee during 1962 to 1965. Nitrogen fertilizer increased whest yield on the wheat-fallow rotation, but had little effect on the wheat-pasture-pasture-fallow rotation. Changes in grain protein content due to nitrogen fertilizer were small compared with changes due to the type of cropping rotation. Climate had relatively little influence on grain protein content despite marked variability in rainfall. The significance of this result is discussed in relation to a correlation established between grain protein content of unfertilized plots and yield response to applied nitrogen. The performance of the wheat cultivars Insignia, Olympic, and Beacon with and without applied nitrogen was similar under both rotations.

Grain yield of wheat in rotation with pea, vetch or medic grown with three systems of management

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Silsbury
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Green Manure Crop ◽  
Legume Crop

Pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alma), vetch (Vicia sativa L. cv. Languedoc) and annual medic (Medicago truncatula Gaertn. cv. Paraggio) were grown at Brinkworth, South Australia, in 1987 in large (0.75 ha) plots and subjected to 3 systems of management: (i) ploughing in at flowering as a green manure crop, (ii) harvesting for grain and ploughing in the dry residues, and (iii) harvesting for grain and removing the residues. A wheat crop was sown over the whole area in the following season (1988) and the effects of type of legume and management on grain yield and grain protein content were measured. The management system imposed on the legume had a highly significant (P<0.01) effect on the grain yield of the following wheat crop, but there were no significant differences between the 3 legumes in their effects on wheat yield or on grain protein content. Ploughing in the legumes as a green manure crop at flowering added about 100 kg/ha more nitrogen (N) to the soil than allowing the legumes to mature, harvesting for seed, and removing residues. Incorporating the dry residues rather than removing them added about 26 kg N/ha. The green manure crop significantly increased subsequent wheat yield (by 49%; P<0.001) and protein content of the grain (by 13%; P<0.05) compared with the treatment in which the legumes were harvested for grain and all residues removed; incorporating the dry residues increased yield by 10%. It is concluded that the amount of N added during the legume phase in a rotation is more important than the kind of legume from which the N is derived. The occasional use of a dense legume crop as a green manure may rapidly add a large amount of N to a soil to be slowly exploited by following grain crops.

The Relationship Between Grain-Protein Content of Wheat and Barley and Temperatures During Grain Filling

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 869 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Correll ◽  
J Butler ◽  
L Spouncer ◽  
C Wrigley
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Australian Standard ◽  
The Relationship

This paper compares the relationship between temperatures at grain filling and grain-protein content for wheat and barley. Two similar statistical models have been developed using historical grain and climate data to reliably predict the protein content of wheat and barley at grain receival sites. Protein levels were predicted using multiple regressions with the same regression coefficients for all sites. The locality effect is absorbed in the regression intercept derived for each site. Australian Standard White (ASW) wheat data for 109 silos throughout South Australia for the years 1971-1991 were analysed in relation to rainfall and temperatures at the closest weather station. Rainfall from May to September was associated with a decrease in ASW wheat grain protein, and more importantly, the number of days in October above 30�C were positively associated with an increase in wheat grain-protein levels. Analysis of protein data from malting varieties of barley (1982-1991) from 160 South Australian hundreds (districts of about 260 km2) again showed that increased rainfall between July and September was associated with decreased grain protein. However, the dominating influence was the number of days in a row in November above 35�C, which was consistently associated with increased grain protein. This makes an interesting comparison with wheat where October temperatures were more important despite barley being harvested earlier than wheat.

Relation of grain protein content and some agronomic traits in European cultivars of winter wheat

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 532-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mladenov ◽  
B. Banjac ◽  
A. Krishna ◽  
M. Milošević
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein

scholarly journals Mutant Lines of Spring Wheat with Increased Iron, Zinc, and Micronutrients in Grains and Enhanced Bioavailability for Human Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saule Kenzhebayeva ◽  
Alfia Abekova ◽  
Saule Atabayeva ◽  
Gulzira Yernazarova ◽  
Nargul Omirbekova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Stable Mutant ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition ◽  
Mutant Lines

Deficiency of metals, primarily Fe and Zn, affects over half of the world’s population. Human diets dominated by cereal products cause micronutrient malnutrition, which is common in many developing countries where populations depend heavily on staple grain crops such as wheat, maize, and rice. Biofortification is one of the most effective approaches to alleviate malnutrition. Genetically stable mutant spring wheat lines (M7 generation) produced via 100 or 200 Gy gamma treatments to broaden genetic variation for grain nutrients were analyzed for nutritionally important minerals (Ca, Fe, and Zn), their bioavailability, and grain protein content (GPC). Variation was 172.3–883.0 mg/kg for Ca, 40.9–89.0 mg/kg for Fe, and 22.2–89.6 mg/kg for Zn. In mutant lines, among the investigated minerals, the highest increases in concentrations were observed in Fe, Zn, and Ca when compared to the parental cultivar Zhenis. Some mutant lines, mostly in the 100 Gy-derived germplasm, had more than two-fold higher Fe, Zn, and Ca concentrations, lower phytic acid concentration (1.4–2.1-fold), and 6.5–7% higher grain protein content compared to the parent. Variation was detected for the molar ratios of Ca:Phy, Phy:Fe, and Phy:Zn (1.27–10.41, 1.40–5.32, and 1.78–11.78, respectively). The results of this study show how genetic variation generated through radiation can be useful to achieve nutrient biofortification of crops to overcome human malnutrition.

Optimizing Maize Yield, Nitrogen Efficacy and Grain Protein Content under Different N Forms and Rates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaiah O. Ochieng’ ◽  
Harun I. Gitari ◽  
Benson Mochoge ◽  
Esmaeil Rezaei-Chiyaneh ◽  
Joseph P. Gweyi-Onyango
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Grain Protein
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