Products of 1,8-Cineole Oxidation by a Pseudomonad

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 917 ◽  
Author(s):  
IC Macrae ◽  
V Alberts ◽  
RM Carman ◽  
IM Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Close Affinity

A bacterium having close affinity with Pseudomonas flava was isolated from eucalypt leaves for its ability to utilize 1,8-cineole (1) as a carbon source. The bacterium is also capable of utilizing α-terpineol, camphor, isoborneol and geraniol but failed to grow on borneol, limonene and piperitone. Growth of the organism in mineral salts medium containing 1,8-cineole resulted in the formation of four oxidation products. Keto lactone (2), alcohols (3) and (4) and ketone (5) arereported as natural products arising from the oxidation of 1,8-cineole by the bacterium.

scholarly journals Heterologous Production of 6-Deoxyerythronolide B in Escherichia coli through the Wood Werkman Cycle

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
R. Axayacatl Gonzalez-Garcia ◽  
Lars K. Nielsen ◽  
Esteban Marcellin
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Heterologous Production ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Defined Media ◽  
Extender Unit

Polyketides are a remarkable class of natural products with diverse functional and structural diversity. The class includes many medicinally important molecules with antiviral, antimicrobial, antifungal and anticancer properties. Native bacterial, fungal and plant hosts are often difficult to cultivate and coax into producing the desired product. As a result, Escherichia coli has been used for the heterologous production of polyketides, with the production of 6-deoxyerythronolide B (6-dEB) being the first example. Current strategies for production in E. coli require feeding of exogenous propionate as a source for the precursors propionyl-CoA and S-methylmalonyl-CoA. Here, we show that heterologous polyketide production is possible from glucose as the sole carbon source. The heterologous expression of eight genes from the Wood-Werkman cycle found in Propionibacteria, in combination with expression of the 6-dEB synthases DEBS1, DEBS2 and DEBS3 resulted in 6-dEB formation from glucose as the sole carbon source. Our results show that the Wood-Werkman cycle provides the required propionyl-CoA and the extender unit S-methylmalonyl-CoA to produce up to 0.81 mg/L of 6-dEB in a chemically defined media.

Selective medium for the isolation and enumeration of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and M. scrofulaceum

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. George ◽  
Joseph O. Falkinham III
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Selective Isolation ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Intracellulare

A medium for the selective isolation and enumeration of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and M. scrofulaceum (MAIS) was developed, based upon the ability of these mycobacteria to utilize Tween 80 as sole carbon source and grow optimally at pH 5.5 on a simple mineral salts medium. Representative MAIS strains had higher efficiencies of plating on the Tween 80 medium compared with Middlebrook 7H10. It was shown that nonmycobacterial organisms in natural waters had lower efficiencies of plating on the Tween 80 medium and smaller colonies, thus allowing direct isolation and enumeration of the slowly growing mycobacteria without overgrowth.

Sustainable development of carbon nanodots technology: Natural products as a carbon source and applications to food safety

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 144-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Chi Huang ◽  
Yi-Shan Hung ◽  
Yih-Ming Weng ◽  
Wenlung Chen ◽  
Yen-Shi Lai
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Carbon Nanodots

Growth ofRhodococcusS1 on anthracene

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saowanit Tongpim ◽  
Michael A. Pickard
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Doubling Time ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Slow Growing

Three slow-growing bacteria were isolated from a mixed culture enriched for growth on anthracene, using creosote-contaminated soil as the inoculum. Organisms were shown to use anthracene by the production of a clear zone around the colony after a mineral salts agar plate was sprayed with anthracene. All three bacteria were nonmotile, nonsporulating, gram-positive rods and stained acid-fast. Physiological and biochemical tests, GC content, and cell wall lipid patterns of whole cell methanolysates indicated that they belonged to the Nocardia–Mycobacterium–Rhodococcus group. On the basis of these characteristics and pyrolysis gas chromatography, they were assigned to the genus Rhodococcus. Growth of the isolates was slow on crystalline anthracene, giving a doubling time of 1.5–3 days, and they grew mainly on the crystal surface. When anthracene was supplied by precipitation from a solvent, doubling time was reduced to 1 day. All three isolates mineralized anthracene but not phenanthrene or naphthalene, nor could they grow on naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluorene, fluoranthene, acenaphthene, pyrene, chrysene, or naphthacene as sole carbon source. One isolate, Rhodococcus S1, was able to use 2-methylanthracene or 2-chloroanthracene as carbon source but not 1- or 9-substituted analogs. These results suggest that the initial enzyme attacking anthracene in these isolates has a narrow substrate specificity.Key words: Rhodococcus, anthracene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, PAH.

scholarly journals Employing a Recombinant Strain of Advenella mimigardefordensis for Biotechnical Production of Homopolythioesters from 3,3′-Dithiodipropionic Acid

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 3286-3297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongzhen Xia ◽  
Jan Hendrik Wübbeler ◽  
Qingsheng Qi ◽  
Alexander Steinbüchel
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pha Synthase ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Polyhydroxyalkanoate Synthase ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Severe Growth

ABSTRACTAdvenella mimigardefordensisstrain DPN7Twas genetically modified to produce poly(3-mercaptopropionic acid) (PMP) homopolymer by exploiting the recently unraveled process of 3,3′-dithiodipropionic acid (DTDP) catabolism. Production was achieved by systematically engineering the metabolism of this strain as follows: (i) deletion of its inherent 3MP dioxygenase-encoding gene (mdo), (ii) introduction of thebuk-ptboperon (genes encoding the butyrate kinase, Buk, and the phosphotransbutyrylase, Ptb, fromClostridium acetobutylicum), and (iii) overexpression of its own polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase (phaCAm). These measures yielded the potent PMP production strainA. mimigardefordensisstrain SHX22. The deletion ofmdowas required for adequate synthesis of PMP due to the resulting accumulation of 3MP during utilization of DTDP. Overexpression of the plasmid-bornebuk-ptboperon caused a severe growth repression. This effect was overcome by inserting this operon into the genome. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthases from different origins were compared. The native PHA synthase ofA. mimigardefordensis(phaCAm) was obviously the best choice to establish homopolythioester production in this strain. In addition, the cultivation conditions, including an appropriate provision of the carbon source, were further optimized to enhance PMP production. The engineered strain accumulated PMP up to approximately 25% (wt/wt) of the cell dry weight when cultivated in mineral salts medium containing glycerol as the carbon source in addition to DTDP as the sulfur-providing precursor. According to our knowledge, this is the first report of PMP homopolymer production by a metabolically engineered bacterium using DTDP, which is nontoxic, as the precursor substrate.

Growth of Graphium sp. on natural gas

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1231-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Zajic ◽  
B. Volesky ◽  
Angela Wellman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Continuous Culture ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Continuous Cultivation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Acid Tolerant ◽  
Enrichment Techniques

A fungus which grows well on a mineral salts solution with natural gas as the carbon source is described and provisionally identified as a Graphium species. Its taxonomic relation to several genera is presented. This organism was isolated from sewage after selection by enrichment techniques and continuous culture. The fermentor was operated at ambient temperatures, 28 °C ± 2, at a volume of 10 liters with a dilution rate of 10 liters/4 days to 10 liters/1.7 days. Coty's mineral salts medium gave the highest tissue yield. When the pH of the incoming mineral salts medium was decreased stepwise from 7.0 to 5.0 the pH of the reactor became self-adjusting, varying from around 2.7 to 3.5, and the dry weight of microbial tissue obtained varied from 65 to 275 mg/h. Also present in the continuous culture was an acid tolerant bacterium, which, when isolated, grew well on natural gas, methanol, and ethanol, and a strain of Trichoderma, which, when isolated, did not use natural gas as a carbon source. In mixed culture the Trichoderma is thought to grow on metabolites produced by either or both the Graphium and the acid-tolerant bacterium during oxidation of natural gas. The nature of the relationship is being investigated. The mixed culture has been under continuous cultivation for 18 months.

Degradation of waste 2,4-D residues using a soil bacterium in a sprayer tank system

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Smith ◽  
K. Mortensen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Bacterium ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Field Soils ◽  
Tank System ◽  
Pseudomonas Testosteroni

A soil bacterium has been isolated from field soils receiving annual applications of 2,4-D and tentatively identified as Pseudomonas testosteroni Marcus and Talalay. When added to a sprayer tank containing an aerated solution of simple mineral salts and 2,4-D amine formulations, this organism used the herbicide as a carbon source, with stoichiometric release of chloride. This system has been used to biologically degrade 2,4-D amine residues from farm operations and herbicide containers. Key words: Degradation, bacterium, residues, soil, 2,4-D

DECOMPOSITION OF 2,2-DICHLOROPROPIONIC ACID BY SOIL BACTERIA

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyman A. Magee ◽  
Arthur R. Colmer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
Enrichment Techniques

Eight bacteria capable of decomposing 2,2-dichloropropionate (dalapon) were isolated from soil by means of enrichment techniques and selective media. The decomposition was demonstrated by the clearing of a solid medium containing mineral salts, dalapon, and CaCO3; by a lowering of the pH of a liquid medium containing dalapon as the carbon source; by the increase in chloride ion in the liquid medium; and by the consumption of oxygen by three of the isolates when dalapon was the sole carbon source. Six of these were tentatively classified as Agrobacterium and two were tentatively classified as Pseudomonas, although there was much overlapping of characteristics. These organisms and many unidentified actinomycetes, molds, and bacteria, including a Micrococcus species, overcame the inhibitory effect of dalapon on an agar-decomposing bacterium when grown on the same plate.

Membrane enzymes associated with the dissimilation of some citric acid cycle substrates and production of extracellular oxidation products in chemostat cultures of Pseudomonas fluorescens

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo S. Lee ◽  
John K. Cooper ◽  
William H. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Malate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Washed Cell ◽  
Chemostat Cultures ◽  
Malic Enzyme Activity ◽  
Carbon Excess ◽  
In Cells

Enzyme activities forming extracellular products from succinate, fumarate, and malate were examined using washed cell suspensions of Pseudomonas fluorescens from chemostat cultures. Membrane-associated enzyme activities (glucose, gluconate, and malate dehydrogenases), producing large accumulations of extracellular oxidation products in carbon-excess environments, have previously been found in P. fluorescens. Investigations carried out here have demonstrated the presence in this microorganism of a malic enzyme activity which produces extracellular pyruvate from malate in carbon-excess environments. Although the three membrane dehydrogenase enzymes decrease significantly in carbon-limited chemostat cultures, malic enzyme activity was found to increase fourfold under these conditions. The regulation of malate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme by malate or succinate was similar. Malate dehydrogenase increased and malic enzyme decreased in carbon-excess cultures. The opposite effect was observed in carbon-limited cultures. When pyruvate or glucose was used as the carbon source, malate dehydrogenase was regulated similarly by the available carbon concentration, but malic enzyme activity producing extracellular pyruvate was not detected. While large accumulations of extracellular oxalacetate and pyruvate were produced in malate-excess cultures, no extracellular oxidation products were detected in succinate-excess cultures. This may be explained by the lack of detectable activity for the conversion of added external succinate to extracellular fumarate and malate in cells from carbon-excess cultures. In cells from carbon-limited (malate or succinate) cultures, very active enzymes for the conversion of succinate to extracellular fumarate and malate were detected. Washed cell suspensions from these carbon-limited cultures rapidly oxidized added succinate to extracellular pyruvate through the sequential action of succinate dehydrogenase, fumarase, and malic enzyme. Succinate dehydrogenase and fumarase activities producing extracellular products were not detected in cells from chemostat cultures using pyruvate or glucose as the carbon source. Uptake activities for succinate, malate, and pyruvate also were found to increase in carbon-limited (malate or succinate) and decrease in carbon-excess cultures. The role of the membrane-associated enzymes forming different pathways for carbon dissimilation in both carbon-limited and carbon-excess environments is discussed.

INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE TRICARBOXYLIC ACID AND GLYOXYLATE CYCLES STUDIED WITH BACTERIAL AUXOTROPHS

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry C. Reeves ◽  
Samuel J. Ajl
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Glyoxylate Bypass ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Acetate Medium ◽  
Metabolic Significance

An autotroph of Escherichia coli, E26-6, which is unable to grow aerobically in a simple mineral-salts medium with either acetate, glutamate, isocitrate, or any one of the C4 dicarboxylic acid intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle as sole carbon source, has been investigated. The mutant is able to grow, however, in a mineral-salts acetate medium supplemented with any one of the above acids. The specific activities of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glyoxylate bypass enzymes, with the exception of alpha-ketoglutaric dehydrogenase, which is greatly impaired in the auxotroph, were found to be essentially the same in both the parent and the mutant. Thus, the glyoxylate bypass alone is not capable of supplying sufficient C4 intermediates to allow the growth of E. coli on acetate. Further, there appear to be no other metabolic pathways leading to C4 production, which are of major metabolic significance during growth on acetate, other than the tricarboxylic and glyoxylate cycles. Finally, in conjunction with the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the malate synthetase and isocitritase reactions provide a mechanism which enables E. coli to grow on a medium containing acetate as the sole carbon source.

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