Selective medium for the isolation and enumeration of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and M. scrofulaceum

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. George ◽  
Joseph O. Falkinham III
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Selective Isolation ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Intracellulare

A medium for the selective isolation and enumeration of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and M. scrofulaceum (MAIS) was developed, based upon the ability of these mycobacteria to utilize Tween 80 as sole carbon source and grow optimally at pH 5.5 on a simple mineral salts medium. Representative MAIS strains had higher efficiencies of plating on the Tween 80 medium compared with Middlebrook 7H10. It was shown that nonmycobacterial organisms in natural waters had lower efficiencies of plating on the Tween 80 medium and smaller colonies, thus allowing direct isolation and enumeration of the slowly growing mycobacteria without overgrowth.

scholarly journals Bacterial Oxidation of Dibromomethane and Methyl Bromide in Natural Waters and Enrichment Cultures

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 4629-4636 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Goodwin ◽  
J. K. Schaefer ◽  
R. S. Oremland
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Methane Oxidation ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bacterial Oxidation ◽  
Enrichment Cultures ◽  
Saline Waters

ABSTRACT Bacterial oxidation of14CH2Br2 and14CH3Br was measured in freshwater, estuarine, seawater, and hypersaline-alkaline samples. In general, bacteria from the various sites oxidized similar amounts of14CH2Br2 and comparatively less 14CH3Br. Bacterial oxidation of14CH3Br was rapid in freshwater samples compared to bacterial oxidation of 14CH3Br in more saline waters. Freshwater was also the only site in which methyl fluoride-sensitive bacteria (e.g., methanotrophs or nitrifiers) governed brominated methane oxidation. Half-life calculations indicated that bacterial oxidation of CH2Br2 was potentially significant in all of the waters tested. In contrast, only in freshwater was bacterial oxidation of CH3Br as fast as chemical removal. The values calculated for more saline sites suggested that bacterial oxidation of CH3Br was relatively slow compared to chemical and physical loss mechanisms. However, enrichment cultures demonstrated that bacteria in seawater can rapidly oxidize brominated methanes. Two distinct cultures of nonmethanotrophic methylotrophs were recovered; one of these cultures was able to utilize CH2Br2 as a sole carbon source, and the other was able to utilize CH3Br as a sole carbon source.

Bacterial Degradation of 2-Methylisoborneol

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 205-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Izaguirre ◽  
R. L. Wolfe ◽  
E. G. Means
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Water And Sediment Samples

2-Methylisoborneol (MIB) is a musty-odored compound occurring in natural waters that is difficult to remove by conventional water treatment methods. Biodegra-dation may be an alternative for its removal from drinking water. Studies were undertaken to determine the conditions enhancing MIB degradation and to isolate and identify the bacteria responsible. MIB degraders were enriched using mg/l levels of the compound, in a defined mineral medium, inoculated with water and sediment samples from reservoirs where MIB is seasonally produced. Cultures that degraded MIB were isolated and enumerated. Degradation occurred only in mixed cultures. MIB supported growth as sole carbon source at 1-6.7 mg/l. MIB at 10 µg/l was also degraded in sterile lake water inoculated with washed bacteria. The degradation of MIB at both µg/l and mg/l levels took from 7 days to more than 2 weeks.

DECOMPOSITION OF 2,2-DICHLOROPROPIONIC ACID BY SOIL BACTERIA

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyman A. Magee ◽  
Arthur R. Colmer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
Enrichment Techniques

Eight bacteria capable of decomposing 2,2-dichloropropionate (dalapon) were isolated from soil by means of enrichment techniques and selective media. The decomposition was demonstrated by the clearing of a solid medium containing mineral salts, dalapon, and CaCO3; by a lowering of the pH of a liquid medium containing dalapon as the carbon source; by the increase in chloride ion in the liquid medium; and by the consumption of oxygen by three of the isolates when dalapon was the sole carbon source. Six of these were tentatively classified as Agrobacterium and two were tentatively classified as Pseudomonas, although there was much overlapping of characteristics. These organisms and many unidentified actinomycetes, molds, and bacteria, including a Micrococcus species, overcame the inhibitory effect of dalapon on an agar-decomposing bacterium when grown on the same plate.

INTERRELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE TRICARBOXYLIC ACID AND GLYOXYLATE CYCLES STUDIED WITH BACTERIAL AUXOTROPHS

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry C. Reeves ◽  
Samuel J. Ajl
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Glyoxylate Bypass ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Acetate Medium ◽  
Metabolic Significance

An autotroph of Escherichia coli, E26-6, which is unable to grow aerobically in a simple mineral-salts medium with either acetate, glutamate, isocitrate, or any one of the C4 dicarboxylic acid intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle as sole carbon source, has been investigated. The mutant is able to grow, however, in a mineral-salts acetate medium supplemented with any one of the above acids. The specific activities of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glyoxylate bypass enzymes, with the exception of alpha-ketoglutaric dehydrogenase, which is greatly impaired in the auxotroph, were found to be essentially the same in both the parent and the mutant. Thus, the glyoxylate bypass alone is not capable of supplying sufficient C4 intermediates to allow the growth of E. coli on acetate. Further, there appear to be no other metabolic pathways leading to C4 production, which are of major metabolic significance during growth on acetate, other than the tricarboxylic and glyoxylate cycles. Finally, in conjunction with the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the malate synthetase and isocitritase reactions provide a mechanism which enables E. coli to grow on a medium containing acetate as the sole carbon source.

scholarly journals Bacterial metabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate

1971 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Evans ◽  
B. S. W. Smith ◽  
H. N. Fernley ◽  
J. I. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Aromatic Ring ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Major Metabolite ◽  
Bacterial Metabolism ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Ring Fission ◽  
Unstable Compound

1. Two Pseudomonas strains isolated from soil metabolized 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D) as sole carbon source in mineral salts liquid medium. 2. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetate cultures of Pseudomonas I (Smith, 1954) contained 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2-chlorophenol, 3,5-dichlorocatechol and α-chloromuconate, the last as a major metabolite. 3. Dechlorination at the 4(p)-position of the aromatic ring must therefore take place at some stages before ring fission. 4. Pseudomonas N.C.I.B. 9340 (Gaunt, 1962) cultures metabolizing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate contained 2,4-dichloro-6-hydroxyphenoxyacetate, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 3,5-dichlorocatechol and an unstable compound, probably αγ-dichloromuconate. 5. Cell-free extracts of the latter organism grown in 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate cultures contained an oxygenase that converted 3,5-dichlorocatechol into αγ-dichloromuconate, a chlorolactonase that in the presence of Mn2+ ions converted the dichloromuconate into γ-carboxymethylene-α-chloro-Δαβ-butenolide, and a delactonizing enzyme that gave α-chloromaleylacetate from this lactone. 6. Pathways of metabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate are discussed.

Cell division in a species of Erwinia. XI Some aspects of the carbon and nitrogen nutrition of Erwinia species

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1217-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary M. Grula ◽  
R. W. Smith ◽  
C. F. Parham ◽  
E. A. Grula
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Krebs Cycle ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Acid Media

The species of Erwinia used in cell division studies (Grula 1960a) will grow on L- or D-aspartic acid, but no other amino acid, as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. Ammonia is utilizable as a sole source of nitrogen; in this case the rate and extent of growth are significantly influenced by the carbon source. Of all compounds tested, malic acid supports the most rapid and abundant growth in an ammonium chloride – mineral salts medium. Added pantothenate often stimulates growth in ammonium chloride media, but not in aspartic acid media. Growth in an ammonium chloride – glucose – salts medium is rather slow and limited. Marked stimulation occurs by supplementation with intermediates of the Krebs cycle, even though the compound supports little or no growth as a sole carbon source. Neither L-glutamic acid nor α-ketoglutaric acid supports growth as a sole carbon source; this is believed to result from impermeability of the cell to these compounds.

Pichia stipitisL-rhamnose dehydrogenase and a catabolite-resistant mutant able to utilize 2-deoxy-D-glucose

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 417-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Pardo ◽  
S. Funayama ◽  
F. O. Pedrosa ◽  
L. U. Rigo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Glucose Repression ◽  
Resistant Mutant ◽  
Pichia Stipitis ◽  
Enzyme Synthesis ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Dehydrogenase Enzyme ◽  
In The Wild

The yeast Pichia stipitis, strain NRC 5568, when grown on L-rhamnose as sole carbon source produced an NAD+-dependent L-rhamnose dehydrogenase enzyme, which is repressed by D-glucose. Mutants defective in carbon catabolite repression were isolated, using a selective medium containing 2-deoxy-D-glucose. Six of eight mutants resistant to 2-deoxy-D-glucose showed L-rhamnose dehydrogenase synthesis insensitive to D-glucose repression. All eight mutants, named PR mutants, as well as the parent strain, were found to grow on D-glucose, L-rhamnose, and glycerol. In addition, they were all capable of growing on 2-deoxy-D-glucose as sole carbon source, D-Glucose and 2-deoxy-D-glucose caused almost complete inhibition of L-rhamnose dehydrogenase synthesis in the wild-type strain but only a slight decrease in the enzyme synthesis in the mutant strain PR1. The wild-type and mutant strains showed the same pattern of inhibition by cycloheximide, 8-hydroxyquinoline, and benomyl. Key words: Pichia stipitis, L-rhamnose dehydrogenase, catabolite-resistant mutant, 2-deoxy-D-glucose.

scholarly journals Pandrug-resistant Pseudomonas sp. expresses New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 and consumes ampicillin as sole carbon source

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar Ranjan ◽  
Shriparna Mukherjee ◽  
Subarna Thakur ◽  
Krutika Gupta ◽  
Ranadhir Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp
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