Growth ofRhodococcusS1 on anthracene

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saowanit Tongpim ◽  
Michael A. Pickard
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Doubling Time ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Slow Growing

Three slow-growing bacteria were isolated from a mixed culture enriched for growth on anthracene, using creosote-contaminated soil as the inoculum. Organisms were shown to use anthracene by the production of a clear zone around the colony after a mineral salts agar plate was sprayed with anthracene. All three bacteria were nonmotile, nonsporulating, gram-positive rods and stained acid-fast. Physiological and biochemical tests, GC content, and cell wall lipid patterns of whole cell methanolysates indicated that they belonged to the Nocardia–Mycobacterium–Rhodococcus group. On the basis of these characteristics and pyrolysis gas chromatography, they were assigned to the genus Rhodococcus. Growth of the isolates was slow on crystalline anthracene, giving a doubling time of 1.5–3 days, and they grew mainly on the crystal surface. When anthracene was supplied by precipitation from a solvent, doubling time was reduced to 1 day. All three isolates mineralized anthracene but not phenanthrene or naphthalene, nor could they grow on naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluorene, fluoranthene, acenaphthene, pyrene, chrysene, or naphthacene as sole carbon source. One isolate, Rhodococcus S1, was able to use 2-methylanthracene or 2-chloroanthracene as carbon source but not 1- or 9-substituted analogs. These results suggest that the initial enzyme attacking anthracene in these isolates has a narrow substrate specificity.Key words: Rhodococcus, anthracene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, PAH.

scholarly journals Pazopanib in Patients with Osteosarcoma Metastatic to the Lung: Phase 2 Study Results and the Lessons for Tumor Measurement

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Paul Frankel ◽  
Chris Ruel ◽  
An Uche ◽  
Edwin Choy ◽  
Scott Okuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doubling Time ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Common Adverse Event ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Tumor Doubling Time ◽  
Metastatic Osteosarcoma ◽  
Phase 2 Study ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Slow Growing

Background. This single-arm, multicenter, phase 2 study evaluated the safety and antitumor activity of pazopanib in patients with unresectable, pulmonary metastatic osteosarcoma. Patients and Methods. Patients with pulmonary metastatic osteosarcoma unresponsive to chemotherapy were eligible. Patients who received prior tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy were excluded. Pazopanib at 800 mg once daily was administered for 28-day cycles. Tumor responses were evaluated by local radiology assessment 1 month prior to and after initiation of treatment to calculate tumor doubling time and after every even numbered cycle. The primary endpoints were progression-free survival at 4 months, concomitant with a demonstrated 30% increase in tumor doubling time relative to the pretreatment growth rate. Results. 12 patients (7 female) were enrolled. The study was terminated prematurely due to withdrawal of financial support by the sponsor. 8 subjects were eligible for the primary analysis, whereas 4 patients were in a predefined exploratory “slow-growing” cohort. In the “fast-growing” cohort, 3 of the 8 patients (37.5%) eligible for first-stage analysis were deemed “success” by the preplanned criteria, adequate to proceed to second-stage accrual. In addition, 1 of the 4 patients in the “slow-growing” cohort experienced a partial remission. Grade 1-2 diarrhea was the most common adverse event, and grade 3 events were infrequent. Conclusion. This study illustrates a novel method of demonstrating positive drug activity in osteosarcoma by increasing tumor doubling time, and this is further supported by a partial response in a patient with “slow-growing” disease. This trial is registered with NCT01759303.

scholarly journals Thermal Transformation of Carbon and Oxygen-Containing Organic Compounds in Sewage Sludge During Pyrolysis Treatment

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2258
Author(s):  
Yanjun Hu ◽  
Yanjun Lu ◽  
Wenchao Ma ◽  
Linjie Wang ◽  
Haryo Wibowo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Thermal Transformation ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Evolved Gas ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Insight Into

Organic carbon (C) and oxygen (O) contained in sewage sludge strongly impact its thermal behavior during pyrolysis treatment. This study was aimed at getting an insight into the decomposition mechanism of organic compounds containing C and O during sludge pyrolysis using thermo-gravimetric Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) and pyrolysis-gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and helpfully improving energy conversion of sewage sludge. The temperature domains of transformation were determined and indications of the main compounds produced during each stage were obtained. Results showed that the volatile compounds that evolved after sludge pyrolysis were mainly distributed into six groups: alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, phenols and carboxylic acids. Comparison in thermal behavior and composition of the evolved volatile compounds were observed. In the low temperature stage (<350 °C), compounds containing O–C=O accounted for the highest proportion in the evolved gas (55%). Over 350 °C, the production of C=C, –OH, and –C6H5 compounds gradually increased; but little was found of compounds containing O–C=O. Above 550 °C, as thermal chemical reaction involving oxygen-containing groups enhanced, compounds containing O–C=O and –OH tended to disappear, and an increasing amount of macromolecular polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon was formed. Finally, the thermal transformation pathways of the oxygen and carbon-containing compounds were proposed.

scholarly journals ISOLATION OF MODERATELY HALOPHILIC LIPASE PRODUCING BACTERIA FROM SPONGES IN PAHANG COASTAL WATER, MALAYSIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tengku Haziyamin Tengku Abdul Hamid ◽  
Azzmer Azzar Abdul Hamid ◽  
Nurul Husna Padzil
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Coastal Water ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Moderately Halophilic ◽  
Lactose Fermentation ◽  
Paenibacillus Illinoisensis

Sponges (Porifera) harbour diverse microorganisms which can be the potential source for microbial enzymes such as lipase. In this study, moderately halophilic lipase producing bacteria were isolated from sponges tissues collected near Balok, at Pahang coastal water. Out of 70 isolates that grew on tributyrin agar plate, only 7 isolates had produced clear zones surrounding their colonies. Out of these, 5 isolates appeared to be gram-positive rod; meanwhile, the other 2 isolates were gram-negative rod in morphologies. These isolates were subjected to several biochemical tests i.e., oxidase, gelatin hydrolysis, lactose fermentation, citrate and motility test, and 16S rRNA gene amplification and sequencing. The results from 16S rRNA sequencing showed that 2 isolates (NHTH 6B and NHTH 28A) were highly similar (>97%) with Paenibacillus illinoisensis; isolate NHTH 26A with Stenotrophomonas pavanii; and isolate NHTH 29A with Enterobacter aerogenes. Phylogenetic analysis on selected isolates (NHTH 6B, NHTH 26A, NHTH 28A and NHTH 29A) with other species from the database showed high bootstrap values of above 50%. This showed that diverse phyla of lipase producing bacteria were isolated from the sponge collected from Pahang coastal water. In the isolation of industrial important species, the presence of pathogenic group of microorganism in this sponge could indicate issues on water quality and safety in this area.

Selective medium for the isolation and enumeration of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and M. scrofulaceum

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. George ◽  
Joseph O. Falkinham III
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Selective Isolation ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Intracellulare

A medium for the selective isolation and enumeration of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and M. scrofulaceum (MAIS) was developed, based upon the ability of these mycobacteria to utilize Tween 80 as sole carbon source and grow optimally at pH 5.5 on a simple mineral salts medium. Representative MAIS strains had higher efficiencies of plating on the Tween 80 medium compared with Middlebrook 7H10. It was shown that nonmycobacterial organisms in natural waters had lower efficiencies of plating on the Tween 80 medium and smaller colonies, thus allowing direct isolation and enumeration of the slowly growing mycobacteria without overgrowth.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degrading gene islands in five pyrene-degrading Mycobacterium isolates from different geographic locations

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Zhang ◽  
Anne J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Transcript Accumulation ◽  
Circular Plasmid ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Induced Proteins

Mycobacterium sp. strain KMS utilizes pyrene, a high-molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), as a sole carbon source. Bioinformatic analysis of the genome of isolate KMS predicted 25 genes with the potential to encode 17 pyrene-induced proteins identified by proteomics; these genes were clustered on both the chromosome and a circular plasmid. RT-PCR analysis of total RNA isolated from KMS cells grown with or without pyrene showed that the presence of pyrene increased the transcript accumulation of 20 of the predicted chromosome- and plasmid-located genes encoding pyrene-induced proteins. The transcribed genes from both the chromosome and a circular plasmid were within larger regions containing genes required for PAH degradation constituting PAH-degrading gene islands. Genes encoding integrases and transposases were found within and outside the PAH-degrading gene islands. The lower GC content of the genes within the gene island (61%–64%) compared with the average genome content (68%) suggested that these mycobacteria initially acquired these genes by horizontal gene transfer. Synteny was detected for the PAH-degrading islands in the genomes of two additional Mycobacterium isolates from the same PAH-polluted site and of two other pyrene-degrading Mycobacterium from different sites in the United States of America. Consequently, the gene islands have been conserved from a common ancestral strain.

Multi-analytical techniques in characterization and identification of Chinese historical rubbings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Yao ◽  
Xiangsheng Zhan ◽  
Qinglin Ma ◽  
Shuya Wei
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Scientific Support ◽  
Biochemical Compounds ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Marker Compounds ◽  
Conifer Wood

Abstract For authenticity and conservation purposes, the precious historical rubbings preserved in Wuyuan Museum were studied by multi-analytical techniques including Pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), SEM-EDS and Herzberg staining method. Through Py-GC/MS analyses, five types of constituents could be detected: (1) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soot; (2) retene and methyl dehydroabietate from tar of conifer wood; (3) marker compounds of egg; (4) additives of menthol and curcumene compounds; (5) biochemical compounds of bark paper. Based on this analytical results, the ink type, binding media and additives in the ink, as well as the fiber origin source of the rubbing paper could be concluded. The materials information of the rubbings obtained through this study could not only provide evidence for its authenticity, but also supply scientific support for its conservation and restoration.

scholarly journals Employing a Recombinant Strain of Advenella mimigardefordensis for Biotechnical Production of Homopolythioesters from 3,3′-Dithiodipropionic Acid

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 3286-3297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongzhen Xia ◽  
Jan Hendrik Wübbeler ◽  
Qingsheng Qi ◽  
Alexander Steinbüchel
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pha Synthase ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Polyhydroxyalkanoate Synthase ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Severe Growth

ABSTRACTAdvenella mimigardefordensisstrain DPN7Twas genetically modified to produce poly(3-mercaptopropionic acid) (PMP) homopolymer by exploiting the recently unraveled process of 3,3′-dithiodipropionic acid (DTDP) catabolism. Production was achieved by systematically engineering the metabolism of this strain as follows: (i) deletion of its inherent 3MP dioxygenase-encoding gene (mdo), (ii) introduction of thebuk-ptboperon (genes encoding the butyrate kinase, Buk, and the phosphotransbutyrylase, Ptb, fromClostridium acetobutylicum), and (iii) overexpression of its own polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase (phaCAm). These measures yielded the potent PMP production strainA. mimigardefordensisstrain SHX22. The deletion ofmdowas required for adequate synthesis of PMP due to the resulting accumulation of 3MP during utilization of DTDP. Overexpression of the plasmid-bornebuk-ptboperon caused a severe growth repression. This effect was overcome by inserting this operon into the genome. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthases from different origins were compared. The native PHA synthase ofA. mimigardefordensis(phaCAm) was obviously the best choice to establish homopolythioester production in this strain. In addition, the cultivation conditions, including an appropriate provision of the carbon source, were further optimized to enhance PMP production. The engineered strain accumulated PMP up to approximately 25% (wt/wt) of the cell dry weight when cultivated in mineral salts medium containing glycerol as the carbon source in addition to DTDP as the sulfur-providing precursor. According to our knowledge, this is the first report of PMP homopolymer production by a metabolically engineered bacterium using DTDP, which is nontoxic, as the precursor substrate.

scholarly journals Comparative study of a vitrinite-rich and an inertinite-rich Witbank coal (South Africa) using pyrolysis-gas chromatography

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-632
Author(s):  
Ofentse M. Moroeng ◽  
Vimbai Mhuka ◽  
Mathew M. Nindi ◽  
R. James Roberts ◽  
Nicola J. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Bituminous Coal ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
Geologic History ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Molecular Chemistry ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study aims to compare iso-rank vitrinite-rich and inertinite-rich coal samples to understand the impact of coal-forming processes on pyrolysis chemistry. A medium rank C bituminous coal was density-fractionated to create a vitrinite-rich and an inertinite-rich sub-sample. The vitrinite-rich sample has 83 vol% total vitrinite (mineral-matter-free basis), whereas the inertinite-rich counterpart has 66 vol% total inertinite. The vitrinite-rich sample is dominated by collotelinite and collodetrinite. Fusinite, semifusinite, and inertodetrinite are the main macerals of the inertinite-rich sample. Molecular chemistry was assessed using a pyrolysis gas chromatograph (py-GC) equipped with a thermal desorption unit coupled to a time of flight mass spectrometer (MS) (py-GC/MS) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (13C CP-MAS SS NMR). The pyrolysis products of the coal samples are generally similar, comprised of low and high molecular weight alkanes, alkylbenzenes, alkylphenols, and alkyl-subtituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, although the vitrinite-rich sample is chemically more diverse. The lack of diversity exhibited by the inertinite-rich sample upon pyrolysis may be interpreted to suggest that major components were heated in their geologic history. Based on the 13C CP-MAS SS NMR analysis, the inertinite-rich sample has a greater fraction of phenolics, reflected in the py-GC/MS results as substituted and unsubstituted derivatives. The greater abundance of phenolics for the inertinite-rich sample may suggest a fire-related origin for the dominant macerals of this sample. The C2-alkylbenzene isomers (p-xylene and o-xylene) were detected in the pyrolysis products for the vitrinite-rich and inertinite-rich samples, though more abundant in the former. The presence of these in both samples likely reflects common source vegetation for the dominant vitrinite and inertinite macerals.

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