Degradation of waste 2,4-D residues using a soil bacterium in a sprayer tank system

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Smith ◽  
K. Mortensen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Bacterium ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Field Soils ◽  
Tank System ◽  
Pseudomonas Testosteroni

A soil bacterium has been isolated from field soils receiving annual applications of 2,4-D and tentatively identified as Pseudomonas testosteroni Marcus and Talalay. When added to a sprayer tank containing an aerated solution of simple mineral salts and 2,4-D amine formulations, this organism used the herbicide as a carbon source, with stoichiometric release of chloride. This system has been used to biologically degrade 2,4-D amine residues from farm operations and herbicide containers. Key words: Degradation, bacterium, residues, soil, 2,4-D

Selective medium for the isolation and enumeration of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and M. scrofulaceum

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. George ◽  
Joseph O. Falkinham III
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Selective Isolation ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Intracellulare

A medium for the selective isolation and enumeration of Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and M. scrofulaceum (MAIS) was developed, based upon the ability of these mycobacteria to utilize Tween 80 as sole carbon source and grow optimally at pH 5.5 on a simple mineral salts medium. Representative MAIS strains had higher efficiencies of plating on the Tween 80 medium compared with Middlebrook 7H10. It was shown that nonmycobacterial organisms in natural waters had lower efficiencies of plating on the Tween 80 medium and smaller colonies, thus allowing direct isolation and enumeration of the slowly growing mycobacteria without overgrowth.

Growth ofRhodococcusS1 on anthracene

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saowanit Tongpim ◽  
Michael A. Pickard
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Doubling Time ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Slow Growing

Three slow-growing bacteria were isolated from a mixed culture enriched for growth on anthracene, using creosote-contaminated soil as the inoculum. Organisms were shown to use anthracene by the production of a clear zone around the colony after a mineral salts agar plate was sprayed with anthracene. All three bacteria were nonmotile, nonsporulating, gram-positive rods and stained acid-fast. Physiological and biochemical tests, GC content, and cell wall lipid patterns of whole cell methanolysates indicated that they belonged to the Nocardia–Mycobacterium–Rhodococcus group. On the basis of these characteristics and pyrolysis gas chromatography, they were assigned to the genus Rhodococcus. Growth of the isolates was slow on crystalline anthracene, giving a doubling time of 1.5–3 days, and they grew mainly on the crystal surface. When anthracene was supplied by precipitation from a solvent, doubling time was reduced to 1 day. All three isolates mineralized anthracene but not phenanthrene or naphthalene, nor could they grow on naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluorene, fluoranthene, acenaphthene, pyrene, chrysene, or naphthacene as sole carbon source. One isolate, Rhodococcus S1, was able to use 2-methylanthracene or 2-chloroanthracene as carbon source but not 1- or 9-substituted analogs. These results suggest that the initial enzyme attacking anthracene in these isolates has a narrow substrate specificity.Key words: Rhodococcus, anthracene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, PAH.

scholarly journals Employing a Recombinant Strain of Advenella mimigardefordensis for Biotechnical Production of Homopolythioesters from 3,3′-Dithiodipropionic Acid

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 3286-3297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongzhen Xia ◽  
Jan Hendrik Wübbeler ◽  
Qingsheng Qi ◽  
Alexander Steinbüchel
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pha Synthase ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Polyhydroxyalkanoate Synthase ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Severe Growth

ABSTRACTAdvenella mimigardefordensisstrain DPN7Twas genetically modified to produce poly(3-mercaptopropionic acid) (PMP) homopolymer by exploiting the recently unraveled process of 3,3′-dithiodipropionic acid (DTDP) catabolism. Production was achieved by systematically engineering the metabolism of this strain as follows: (i) deletion of its inherent 3MP dioxygenase-encoding gene (mdo), (ii) introduction of thebuk-ptboperon (genes encoding the butyrate kinase, Buk, and the phosphotransbutyrylase, Ptb, fromClostridium acetobutylicum), and (iii) overexpression of its own polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase (phaCAm). These measures yielded the potent PMP production strainA. mimigardefordensisstrain SHX22. The deletion ofmdowas required for adequate synthesis of PMP due to the resulting accumulation of 3MP during utilization of DTDP. Overexpression of the plasmid-bornebuk-ptboperon caused a severe growth repression. This effect was overcome by inserting this operon into the genome. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthases from different origins were compared. The native PHA synthase ofA. mimigardefordensis(phaCAm) was obviously the best choice to establish homopolythioester production in this strain. In addition, the cultivation conditions, including an appropriate provision of the carbon source, were further optimized to enhance PMP production. The engineered strain accumulated PMP up to approximately 25% (wt/wt) of the cell dry weight when cultivated in mineral salts medium containing glycerol as the carbon source in addition to DTDP as the sulfur-providing precursor. According to our knowledge, this is the first report of PMP homopolymer production by a metabolically engineered bacterium using DTDP, which is nontoxic, as the precursor substrate.

Products of 1,8-Cineole Oxidation by a Pseudomonad

1979 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 917 ◽  
Author(s):  
IC Macrae ◽  
V Alberts ◽  
RM Carman ◽  
IM Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Close Affinity

A bacterium having close affinity with Pseudomonas flava was isolated from eucalypt leaves for its ability to utilize 1,8-cineole (1) as a carbon source. The bacterium is also capable of utilizing α-terpineol, camphor, isoborneol and geraniol but failed to grow on borneol, limonene and piperitone. Growth of the organism in mineral salts medium containing 1,8-cineole resulted in the formation of four oxidation products. Keto lactone (2), alcohols (3) and (4) and ketone (5) arereported as natural products arising from the oxidation of 1,8-cineole by the bacterium.

Mineralization of 3-phenoxybenzoate by a two-membered bacterial co-culture

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 495-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Topp ◽  
M. Humayoun Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Nutrient Agar ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Key Words 3

3-Phenoxybenzoic acid is an intermediate in the degradation of several pyrethroid insecticides in soil. Two pseudomonads were isolated together on vitamin-supplemented nutrient agar from 3-phenoxybenzoate enrichment of an agricultural soil. One isolate, designated 13b, grew on 3-phenoxybenzoate in mineral salts medium producing stoichiometric amounts of phenol. It degraded 3-[phenoxy-14C(U)]phenoxybenzoate to [14C(U)]phenol and did not assimilate any 14C from this molecule. It metabolized [carboxyl-14C]3-phenoxybenzoate but not [14C(U)]phenol. It also produced 4-chlorophenol and p-cresol from 3-(4-chlorophenoxy)benzoate and 3-(4-methylphenoxy)benzoate, respectively. This indicated that isolate 13b transformed the benzoate but not the phenoxy moiety of 3-phenoxybenzoate. The second isolate, designated 13a, did not metabolize 3-phenoxybenzoate but grew on and mineralized phenol. Incubation of 3-phenoxybenzoate with isolates 13a and 13b together resulted in the degradation of both aromatic nuclei. Key words: 3-phenoxybenzoate, bacterial degradation, mineralization, pyrethroid.

scholarly journals The metabolism of protocatechuate by Pseudomonas testosteroni

1968 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dagley ◽  
P. J. Geary ◽  
J. M. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Lyase Activity ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Pseudomonas Testosteroni

1. Protocatechuate 4,5-oxygenase, purified 21-fold from extracts of Pseudomonas testosteroni, was examined in the ultracentrifuge and assigned a mol.wt. of about 140000. 2. When diluted, the enzyme rapidly lost activity during catalysis. Inactivation was partially prevented by l-cysteine. 3. With a saturating concentration of protocatechuate (1·36mm), Km for oxygen was 0·303mm. This value is greater than the concentration of oxygen in water saturated with air at 20°. 4. Cell extracts converted protocatechuate into γ-carboxy-γ-hydroxy-α-oxovalerate, which was isolated as its lactone. 5. γ-Carboxy-γ-hydroxy-α-oxovalerate pyruvate-lyase activity was stimulated by Mg2+ ions and mercaptoethanol. Cells grown with p-hydroxybenzoate as carbon source contained higher concentrations of this enzyme than those grown with succinate.

Growth of Graphium sp. on natural gas

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1231-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Zajic ◽  
B. Volesky ◽  
Angela Wellman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Continuous Culture ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Continuous Cultivation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Acid Tolerant ◽  
Enrichment Techniques

A fungus which grows well on a mineral salts solution with natural gas as the carbon source is described and provisionally identified as a Graphium species. Its taxonomic relation to several genera is presented. This organism was isolated from sewage after selection by enrichment techniques and continuous culture. The fermentor was operated at ambient temperatures, 28 °C ± 2, at a volume of 10 liters with a dilution rate of 10 liters/4 days to 10 liters/1.7 days. Coty's mineral salts medium gave the highest tissue yield. When the pH of the incoming mineral salts medium was decreased stepwise from 7.0 to 5.0 the pH of the reactor became self-adjusting, varying from around 2.7 to 3.5, and the dry weight of microbial tissue obtained varied from 65 to 275 mg/h. Also present in the continuous culture was an acid tolerant bacterium, which, when isolated, grew well on natural gas, methanol, and ethanol, and a strain of Trichoderma, which, when isolated, did not use natural gas as a carbon source. In mixed culture the Trichoderma is thought to grow on metabolites produced by either or both the Graphium and the acid-tolerant bacterium during oxidation of natural gas. The nature of the relationship is being investigated. The mixed culture has been under continuous cultivation for 18 months.

scholarly journals Regulation of Biosynthesis of Individual Cellulases in Thermomonospora fusca

1998 ◽  
Vol 180 (14) ◽  
pp. 3529-3532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolay A. Spiridonov ◽  
David B. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Soil Bacterium ◽  
Regulatory Sequences ◽  
Thermomonospora Fusca ◽  
Regulation Of Biosynthesis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Upstream Regulatory Sequences

Regulation of the biosynthesis of the six cellulases comprising the cellulolytic system of the thermophilic soil bacteriumThermomonospora fusca ER1 was studied. The levels of the individual enzymes produced on different noninducing and inducing carbon sources were determined. The lowest level of cellulase synthesis (3 nM) was observed with xylose as a carbon source, and the highest level (247 to 1,670 nM for different enzymes) was found in cultures grown on microcrystalline cellulose. Endocellulases and exocellulases showed distinctly different regulation patterns. Differences in the regulation of individual enzymes appear to be determined by the specific structural organization of the upstream regulatory sequences of their genes.

DECOMPOSITION OF 2,2-DICHLOROPROPIONIC ACID BY SOIL BACTERIA

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyman A. Magee ◽  
Arthur R. Colmer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Sole Carbon Source ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
Enrichment Techniques

Eight bacteria capable of decomposing 2,2-dichloropropionate (dalapon) were isolated from soil by means of enrichment techniques and selective media. The decomposition was demonstrated by the clearing of a solid medium containing mineral salts, dalapon, and CaCO3; by a lowering of the pH of a liquid medium containing dalapon as the carbon source; by the increase in chloride ion in the liquid medium; and by the consumption of oxygen by three of the isolates when dalapon was the sole carbon source. Six of these were tentatively classified as Agrobacterium and two were tentatively classified as Pseudomonas, although there was much overlapping of characteristics. These organisms and many unidentified actinomycetes, molds, and bacteria, including a Micrococcus species, overcame the inhibitory effect of dalapon on an agar-decomposing bacterium when grown on the same plate.

Nitrogenase activity and growth of Frankia in batch and continuous culture

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Harris ◽  
Warwick Silvester
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Continuous Culture ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Dilution Rate ◽  
Batch Culture ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Fresh Medium ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rates Of Growth

Frankia grown in batch culture was unable to maintain a high rate of nitrogenase activity and, once a peak level was reached, activity rapidly declined. Addition of 5 mM carbon source of cultures or transfer to fresh medium was followed by brief recovery of nitrogenase activity. The extent of recovery decreased as additions or transfers were made to progressively older cultures. Daily addition of fresh medium (dilution rate = 0.125 day−1) allowed Frankia to be maintained in continuous, derepressed culture with stable rates of growth and nitrogenase activity for more than 30 days. The proportion of active, mature vesicles also remained constant in continuous culture but decreased with time inbatch culture. Key words: Frankia, batch culture, continuous culture, nitrogenase activity.

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