scholarly journals Sulphur Metabolism and Excretion Studies in Ruminants V. Ruminal Desulphuration of Methionine and Cyst(e)ine

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Bird
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Sulphur Metabolism ◽  
Basal Ration

The concentrations of volatile sulphides in the rumen fluid of sheep were determined at intervals after giving single intraruminal infusions of DL-methionine, L-cystine, or L-cysteine. The basal ration fed contained 0�1 % sulphur.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CRUDE PALM OIL PROTECTION WITH FORMALDEHYDE ON HYDROGENATION OF RUMEN FLUID UNSATURATED FATTY ACID: ITS EFFECT ON BLOOD AND MEAT FATTY ACID

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-148
Author(s):  
Nafly C. Tiven ◽  
Lies Mira Yusiati ◽  
Rusman Rusman ◽  
Umar Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Basal Ration

This research aimed to determine the effect of crude palm oil protected with formaldehyde on the hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids in the rumen and its effect on blood and meat fatty acids. Fifteenth local male lambs aged 9-12 months weighing 14-17 kg, were divided into 3 groups ration treatment. The first group received only the basal ration (R0), the 2nd group received the basal ration and 3% CPO (R1), while the 3rd group received the basal ration and 3% CPO protected with 2% formaldehyde (R2). Basal feed consisted of 60% grass, 30% bran and 10% soybean meal, with the nutrient content of 62.98% TDN, 45.5% DM, 14.48% CP, 4.70% EE and 21.93% CF. Parameters observed were the fatty acid from rumen fluid, blood and meat of sheep. Data were analyzed by complete randomized design direction patterns. Differences between treatments were tested further using Duncan's New Multiple Range Test. The results showed that treatment of R2 can increase unsaturated fatty acids in the rumen, blood and meat (P

scholarly journals Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Culture on Ruminal Fermentation, Blood Metabolism, and Performance of High-Yield Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2401
Author(s):  
Xiaoge Sun ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Erdan Wang ◽  
Shu Zhang ◽  
Qianqian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Control Group ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Basal Ration

High-yield dairy cows with high-concentrate diets are more prone to experiencing health problems associated with rumen microbial imbalance. This study assessed the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture (SC), a food supplement, on ruminal pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA), inflammatory cytokines, and performance of high-yield dairy cows. Forty Holstein cows with similar characteristics (e.g., milk yield, days of milk, and parity) were randomly divided into two groups: an experimental group fed the basal ration supplemented with the SC of 100 g of SC per cow per day (hour, SC group), and a control group fed the same basal ration diet without SC (i.e., CON group). On average, the supplementation of SC started at 73 days of lactation. The experimental period lasted approximately 70 days (from 18 January to 27 March 2020), including 10 days for dietary adaptation. Milk yield was recorded daily. Rumen fluid and milk samples were collected after 2 h of feeding in the morning of day 0, 15, 30, and 60. The data showed that rumen pH increased (p < 0.05) when cows were provided with SC. On average, the cows in the SC group produced 1.36 kg (p < 0.05) more milk per day than those in the CON group. Milk fat content of cows in the SC group was also higher (4.11% vs. 3.96%) (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the concentration of acetic acid in the rumen fluid of dairy cows in the SC group was significantly higher (p < 0.05). There were no differences (p > 0.05) found in milk protein content and propionic acid between groups. The SC group had a tendency increase in butyric acid (p = 0.062) and total VFA (p = 0.058). The result showed that SC supplementation also enhanced the ratio between acetic and propionic. Most of the mean inflammatory cytokine (IL-2, IL-6, γ-IFN, and TNF-α) concentrations (p < 0.05) of the SC group were lower than CON group. This study demonstrated that high-yield cows receiving supplemental SC could produce more milk with higher fat content, have higher rumen acetate, and potentially less inflammatory cytokines.

THE ADDITION OF BUFFERS TO RUMINANT RATIONS: IV. THE EFFECT OF ADDITIONS OF SODIUM BICARBONATE, SODIUM PROPIONATE, LIMESTONE AND COD LIVER OIL ON INTRA-RUMEN ENVIRONMENT

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. G. Nicholson ◽  
H. M. Cunningham ◽  
D. W. Friend
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Sodium Propionate ◽  
Cent Sodium ◽  
Basal Ration

Two experiments with fistulated steers were designed to study the effects of adding 5.7 per cent sodium bicarbonate, 5.7 per cent ground limestone, and 5.7 per cent sodium bicarbonate plus either 3.6 per cent sodium propionate or 60 milliliters per day of cod liver oil to an all-concentrate basal ration composed of barley, oats, linseed oil meal, molasses, minerals and vitamins A and D2. The effects of using rolled or ground grains were also studied. All of the buffered rations, except that containing limestone, resulted in a higher rumen pH and buffering capacity than did the basal ration. The buffers had little effect on the total concentration but did result in changes in the molar proportions of the VFA in rumen fluid. In both experiments, the buffered rations, except that containing limestone, gave a lower molar per cent of acetic acid than did the basal ration. The addition of either cod liver oil or sodium propionate to the sodium bicarbonate ration resulted in a higher molar per cent of the propionic acid than with the basal ration. The butyric acid concentration was lower for the ration containing cod liver oil than for either the basal or sodium bicarbonate rations. Rolled grains in the basal ration gave less extreme results than did ground grains; however, the differences were not significant.Samples taken at 3, 5, 8 and 16 hours after feeding showed marked diurnal variations in all criteria studied, except the proportion of acetic acid. Values obtained at 3 and 5 hours after feeding showed little change but thereafter there was a decrease in concentration of total VFA and the proportion of propionic acid and an increase in pH, buffering capacity and the proportions of butyric and the higher acids. Interactions between the rations and times of sampling show that the buffers are most effective in modifying the intra-rumen environment shortly after feeding but this effect had partly disappeared by 5 hours after feeding.

Sulphur metabolism and excretion studies in ruminants. IV. Cystine and sulphate effects upon the flow of sulphur from the rumen and upon sulphur excretion by sheep

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Bird ◽  
ID Hume
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Sulphur Metabolism ◽  
Organic Sulphur ◽  
Inorganic Sulphate ◽  
Sulphate Sulphur ◽  
Basal Ration

In a 4 x 4 Latin square design experiment, sheep were fed on a basal ration which supplied 0.61 g sulphur per day, or the basal ration supplemented with 1.4 g inorganic sulphate sulphur, or 1.4 g cystine sulphur, or 1.4 g sulphate sulphur plus 1.4 g cystine sulphur per day. All forms of sulphur supplements increased the daily flow of protein sulphur from the rumen to the omasum (P < 0.05) above basal. Only the cystine treatments increased the flow of sulphide (P < 0.005), ester sulphate (P < 0.005), soluble organic sulphur (P < 0.05), and cystine (P < 0.05), and increased the ruminal sulphide concentrations above basal (P < 0.005). From 7.0 to 12.6% of the added cystine was not degraded in the rumen. In three animals less than 3 % of the added sulphate, alone or in combination with cystine, passed unchanged to the omasum. The fourth animal (67) differed from the others (P < 0.05): the added sulphate was poorly reduced in the rumen, and 62% reached the omasum unchanged. The sulphur composition of the digesta collected from the omasum was: protein sulphur, 55-70%; soluble organic sulphur, 13-22%; inorganic sulphate sulphur (excluding sheep 67), 2.2-2.6 %; ester sulphate sulphur, 1.8-3.4 %; and sulphide, 0.4-28%. Excluding sheep 67, 36% of the dietary sulphur was absorbed from the rumen when the sulphur was added as sodium sulphate or as cystine, and 50 % when added in both forms together. There was a net addition of 0.45 g sulphur per day to the rumen on the basal diet. The influence of the amount and the form of the dietary sulphur on the excretion of faecal and urinary sulphur fractions is discussed.

The effects upon rumen microbial protein synthesis of giving sheep diets of rolled barley and hay supplemented with increasing quantities of soya-bean meal

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Rooke ◽  
M. A. Overend ◽  
D. G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Basal Ration ◽  
Degradable Protein

A ruminant animal is largely dependent upon microbial protein synthesized within the reticulorumen for amino acids to meet its requirements for maintenance and production. The major precursor for rumen microbial protein synthesis is ammonia arising both from degradation of feed proteins within the rumen and from nitrogen recycled to the rumen. The concentration of rumen ammonia-N required to sustain maximal rates of microbial protein synthesis in vivo has been variably reported to range from 22 to 235 mg ammonia-N/1 rumen fluid (Miller, 1982). Most experiments which have investigated the concentrations of rumen ammonia-N required for maximal rates of microbial protein synthesis have used the addition of urea to the diet as the means of increasing rumen ammonia-N concentrations. However, little attention has been paid to the effects upon rumen ammonia-N concentrations and upon the efficiency of rumen microbial protein synthesis of supplying increasing amounts of a readily degradable protein in the diet, although Beardsley et al.(1977) found that as increasing amounts of soya-bean meal were fed to sheep, net losses of N across the forestomachs of the sheep were increased. In this paper, two experiments are described in which increasing amounts of soya-bean meal were fed to sheep receiving a basal ration of rolled barley and hay; the digestion of organic matter (OM) and of amino acid N (AAN) within the rumen, the net quantities of microbial AAN entering the small intestine and the efficiency of rumen microbial AAN synthesis were measured.

scholarly journals Sulphur Metabolism and Excretion Studies In Ruminants II. Organic and Inorganic Sulphur Excretion by Sheep After Intraruminal or Intraduodenal Infusions of Sodium Sulphate

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Bird
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Sulphur Metabolism ◽  
Intraduodenal Infusion ◽  
Inorganic Sulphur ◽  
Basal Ration

A basal ration containing 0�86 g sulphur was fed daily to sheep receiving a continuous intraruminal or intraduodenal infusion supplying 0-6 g sulphur, as sodium sulphate, per day.

scholarly journals Sulphur Metabolism and Excretion Studies in Ruminants IX. Sulphur, Nitrogen, and Energy Utilization by Sheep Fed a Sulphur-Deficient and a Sulphate-Supplemented, Roughage-Based Diet

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Bird
Keyword(s):  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Sulphur Metabolism ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Basal Ration

Four Merino wethers were each fed a sulphur-deficient, roughage-based ration containing 1'05% nitrogen (79% as urea) and supplying 135 mg sulphur/day. Four other sheep were fed similar amounts of basal ration supplemented with NasS04. This ration supplied 494 mg sulphur/day. Mter 21-day periods the treatment groups were reversed.

PENAMBAHAN ENZIM CAIRAN RUMEN LIMBAH RUMAH POTONG HEWAN PADA PAKAN BERBASIS WHEAT POLLARD DENGAN PROSES PENGOLAHAN PADA KOMPOSISI KIMIA PAKAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dadik Pantaya., dkk
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Steam Temperature ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Durability Index ◽  
Feed Moisture ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Range Test ◽  
Basal Ration

The present study was conducted to clarify the effect of addition of enzymes from rumen liquor on performance broiler of pelleting feed with basal ration of wheat pollard with addition of enzymes and processing broiler diets. Ruminal enzymes were extracted from Australian Commercial Cross (ACC) cattles. Application of enzyme on wheat pollard. Enzyme was reacted with wheatpollard and mixed with another feedstuff before steam pelleting process. The combination nine experimental diets were used as follows three levels enzyme supplementation (0, 620 and 1.240 U/kg) and three levels steam temperature at (60, 80 and 100 oC) Feed particles size, hardness, PDI (Pellet Durability Index), moisture content, protein, GE and hemicellulosa were evaluated parameter devided into nine treatmens were used in this research. Data from Completely Randomized Design factorial 3 x 3 were analyzed with Anova, if differences were continued by Duncan’s new multiple range test. Enzyme supplementation decreased feed hardness and PDI. There were interaction beetwen enzyme and temperature for feed moisture content. Hemicellulosa was significantly reduced by steam temperature at 80 and 100 oC and enzyme supplementation 1.240 U/kgKey Words: enzyme liquor rumen, wheat pollard, steam pelleting, feed Chemical composition

Alterations in Ruminal Fluid and Serum Biochemical Constituents in Goats Affected with Ruminal Acidosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Chavelikar ◽  
G. and Neha Rao C. Mandali ◽  
Neha Rao
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Biochemical Constituents ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Methylene Blue Reduction ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
The Mean

Ruminal acidosis is an important clinical emergency in small ruminants. In this study, eight healthy farm goats and 24 goats presented at TVCC of the college of Veterinary Sciences and A.H., Anand with clinical signs of ruminal acidosis and having rumen liquor pH below 6 were examined for alterations in the ruminal fluid and serum biochemical parameters. Among various rumen fluid parameters evaluated, the mean values of rumen fluid pH decreased significantly (4.71±0.11 vs. 6.90±0.10), while sediment activity time (46.67±1.20 vs. 24.50±0.78 min) and methylene blue reduction time (29.50±0.73 vs. 10.03±0.27 min) increased significantly in acidotic goats. The normal greenish, aromatic viscous color, odour and consistency of rumen fluid of healthy goats also changed to milky grey/creamy, sour/pungent watery in acidotic goats. The rumen protozoal activity decreased to nil in acidotic goats as compared to the healthy goats. Among various serum biochemical constituents, the mean values of glucose (92.43±1.37 vs. 74.13±1.83 mg/dl), BUN (26.49±0.47 vs. 22.63±1.19 mg/dl), serum creatinine (01.01±0.02 vs. 00.83±0.02 mg/dl) and albumin (03.22±0.03 vs. 03.05±0.05 g/dl), ALT (56.75±1.55 vs. 27.88±1.14 IU/L) and AST (93.25±1.82 vs. 54.00±1.75 IU/L), increased significantly, while there was significant decrease in serum calcium (09.09±0.14 vs. 10.29±0.08 mg/dl) in acidotic goats. The mean values of alkaline phosphatase (IU/L) in acidotic goats increased non-significantly from the base values of healthy goats.

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