scholarly journals Sulphur Metabolism and Excretion Studies In Ruminants II. Organic and Inorganic Sulphur Excretion by Sheep After Intraruminal or Intraduodenal Infusions of Sodium Sulphate

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Bird
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Sulphur Metabolism ◽  
Intraduodenal Infusion ◽  
Inorganic Sulphur ◽  
Basal Ration

A basal ration containing 0�86 g sulphur was fed daily to sheep receiving a continuous intraruminal or intraduodenal infusion supplying 0-6 g sulphur, as sodium sulphate, per day.

Sulphur metabolism and excretion studies in ruminants. IV. Cystine and sulphate effects upon the flow of sulphur from the rumen and upon sulphur excretion by sheep

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Bird ◽  
ID Hume
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Sulphur Metabolism ◽  
Organic Sulphur ◽  
Inorganic Sulphate ◽  
Sulphate Sulphur ◽  
Basal Ration

In a 4 x 4 Latin square design experiment, sheep were fed on a basal ration which supplied 0.61 g sulphur per day, or the basal ration supplemented with 1.4 g inorganic sulphate sulphur, or 1.4 g cystine sulphur, or 1.4 g sulphate sulphur plus 1.4 g cystine sulphur per day. All forms of sulphur supplements increased the daily flow of protein sulphur from the rumen to the omasum (P < 0.05) above basal. Only the cystine treatments increased the flow of sulphide (P < 0.005), ester sulphate (P < 0.005), soluble organic sulphur (P < 0.05), and cystine (P < 0.05), and increased the ruminal sulphide concentrations above basal (P < 0.005). From 7.0 to 12.6% of the added cystine was not degraded in the rumen. In three animals less than 3 % of the added sulphate, alone or in combination with cystine, passed unchanged to the omasum. The fourth animal (67) differed from the others (P < 0.05): the added sulphate was poorly reduced in the rumen, and 62% reached the omasum unchanged. The sulphur composition of the digesta collected from the omasum was: protein sulphur, 55-70%; soluble organic sulphur, 13-22%; inorganic sulphate sulphur (excluding sheep 67), 2.2-2.6 %; ester sulphate sulphur, 1.8-3.4 %; and sulphide, 0.4-28%. Excluding sheep 67, 36% of the dietary sulphur was absorbed from the rumen when the sulphur was added as sodium sulphate or as cystine, and 50 % when added in both forms together. There was a net addition of 0.45 g sulphur per day to the rumen on the basal diet. The influence of the amount and the form of the dietary sulphur on the excretion of faecal and urinary sulphur fractions is discussed.

scholarly journals Sulphur Metabolism and Excretion Studies in Ruminants V. Ruminal Desulphuration of Methionine and Cyst(e)ine

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Bird
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Sulphur Metabolism ◽  
Basal Ration

The concentrations of volatile sulphides in the rumen fluid of sheep were determined at intervals after giving single intraruminal infusions of DL-methionine, L-cystine, or L-cysteine. The basal ration fed contained 0�1 % sulphur.

scholarly journals The role of organic sulphur in the copper-molybdenum-S interrelationship in ruminant nutrition

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. F. Suttle
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Ruminant Nutrition ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Organic S ◽  
Treatment Variation ◽  
Inorganic Sulphur ◽  
Design Experiments

1. The ability of organic and inorganic sulphur to influence the copper and molybdenum metabolism of sheep was compared in a series of three 2 × 2 factorial design experiments. In each experiment, four groups of five to seven hypocupraemic ewes were repleted with a basal diet supplemented with 6 mg Cu/kg and containing S and Mo at one of two concentrations, 1 or 4 g S and 0.5 or 4.5 mg Mo/kg respectively. Sodium sulphate (Expt 1), methionine (Expt 2) or cysteine (Expt 3) were used as the S sources. Cu and Mo concentrations in plasma were estimated in each experiment and in Expt 3 the concentrations of Cu in liver and Mo in urine were also estimated.2. The effects of the three S sources on Cu and Mo metabolism were similar. Repletion of the plasma Cu pool was unaffected by Mo alone, reduced by S alone and totally inhibited by Mo + S. Plasma Mo was greatly increased by Mo supplements, slightly decreased by S supplements and unaffected by Mo and S supplements given together.3. In Expt 3 the treatments were found to affect urinary Mo and plasma Mo in a similar manner; S prevented dietary Mo from increasing Mo excretion. The only group to show a significant repletion of the liver Cu pool was that given Mo alone.4. Supplementation of the diet with organic S significantly reduced the within-treatment variation in plasma Cu and Mo, liver Cu and urinary Mo.5. It is suggested that variations in dietary S and Mo within the normal range for herbage affect the Cu and Mo metabolism of the grazing animal, and that total S rather than inorganic S is the more useful measurement in the context of the Cu–Mo–S interrelationship.

scholarly journals Sulphur Metabolism and Excretion Studies in Ruminants I. the Absorption of Sulphate in Sheep after Intratuminal or Intraduodenal Infusions of Sodium Sulphate

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Bird ◽  
RJ Moir
Keyword(s):  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Sulphur Metabolism ◽  
Apparent Absorption ◽  
Sulphate Sulphur ◽  
The Mean

The mean apparent absorption of sulphur when sodium sulphate was continuously infused into the rumen or the duodenum of four sheep in amounts of 1� 5, 3�0, and 6�0 g/day was 93 �1, 95�3, 95�9% and 93 �1, 92,8, 81� 5% respectively. The net absorptive capacity of the entire intestine under these conditions was calculated to be up to 5 g of sulphate sulphur daily.

Effects of sodium sulpate and gluten supplements on the intake and digestibility of a mixture of spear grass and Townsville lucerne hay by sheep

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (39) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Playne
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Basal Ration

Voluntary intake and dry matter digestibility of a mixture of 80 per cent spear grass hay and 20 per cent Townsville lucerne hay by sheep, in 'metabolism cages, supplemented with sodium sulphate, gluten, or sodium sulphate and gluten, were measured during a six-week experimental period. Apparent retentions of nitrogen, sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphorus were also determined. All sheep receiving supplements gained weight whereas sheep on the basal ration lost weight. After four weeks supplementation, sheep receiving gluten alone or gluten + sodium sulphate consumed 64 per cent more feed than the control sheep, whose intake gradually declined over the experimental period. Sheep fed sodium sulphate alone consumed 48 per cent more feed than the control group. Dry matter digestibility of feed was increased by 5 to 7 percentage units when sheep were supplemented with either sodium sulphate or gluten.

Sulphur metabolism and excretion studies in ruminants. XIII.* Intake and utilizaton of wheat straw by sheep and cattle

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Bird
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Sulphur Metabolism ◽  
Maintenance Requirement ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

The capacity of cattle and sheep to utilize wheat straw was compared, six 15-month-old Hereford steers and six 20-month-old Merino wethers being used. The addition of urea (2.0% of dry matter) to wheat straw (c. 0.3% nitrogen, 0.09% sulphur) significantly increased the intake of energy, the efficiency of digestion and the liveweight gains of both the sheep and the cattle. The addition of sodium sulphate (0.4% of the dry matter) to the ration containing urea significantly increased these responses in the sheep but not in the cattle. Cattle and sheep had a similar capacity to digest the basal straw (22 v. 23 kcal/kg W0.92 per day), but cattle were more efficient than sheep when urea alone was included in the ration (68 v. 42 kcal/kg W0.92 per day day). The further addition of sulphate decreased this disparity (75 v. 64 kcal/kg W0.92 per day) so that the sheep were then also able to derive their maintenance requirement of energy (an estimated 49 kcal/kg W0.92 per day) from the straw. Addition of urea to wheat straw significantly increased the nitrogen balance in cattle but not in sheep. The further addition of sulphate significantly increased this balance in both the sheep and the cattle. Nitrogen balance on the basal straw, straw plus urea, or straw plus urea plus sulphate was –97, –62 and 17 mg nitrogen/kg W0.92 per day respectively for sheep compared with –79, –24 and 32 mg nitrogen/kg W0.92 per day for cattle. Supplemental sodium sulphate (0.4% of the dry matter) without urea slightly decreased the nitrogen balance and tended to depress intake and digestion of feed in both sheep and cattle. Cattle require less dietary sulphur and can cope with a wider nitrogen/sulphur ratio in the feed than sheep, apparently because sulphur is recycled more effectively in cattle. Responses to urea supplementation under grazing conditions may therefore be greater with cattle. ____________________ *Part XII, Aust. J. Biol. Sci., 26: 1429 (1973).p>

scholarly journals Sulphur Metabolism and Excretion Studies in Ruminants VII. Secretion of Sulphur and Nitrogen in Sheep Pancreatic and Bile Fluids

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 817 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Bird
Keyword(s):  
Sulphur Metabolism ◽  
Intraduodenal Infusion

[35S]taurine or [35S]Na2S04 was given as a single intraduodenal infusion and the combined bile and pancreatic (OBD) secretions continuously collected, sampled, and returned. In two sheep 41-51 % of 35S from [35S]taurine was recovered in OBD fluids, less than 1 % in the faeces, and less than 4 % in the urine, over 3 days. When the 35S-labelled OBD fluids were infused an estimated 90-113% of the 35S was recycled; in 6 days less than 2% was excreted in faeces and less than 4% in the urine. With other sheep 6-8% of 35S from [35S]Na2S04 was recovered in the OBD fluids and 63-76% in the urine over 4-5 days. When the 35S-labelled OBD fluids were infused 14--29% of the 35S was recycled.

scholarly journals Sulphur Metabolism and Excretion Studies in Ruminants IX. Sulphur, Nitrogen, and Energy Utilization by Sheep Fed a Sulphur-Deficient and a Sulphate-Supplemented, Roughage-Based Diet

1972 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
PR Bird
Keyword(s):  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Sulphur Metabolism ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Basal Ration

Four Merino wethers were each fed a sulphur-deficient, roughage-based ration containing 1'05% nitrogen (79% as urea) and supplying 135 mg sulphur/day. Four other sheep were fed similar amounts of basal ration supplemented with NasS04. This ration supplied 494 mg sulphur/day. Mter 21-day periods the treatment groups were reversed.

VASCULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THYROXINE

1961 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
lb Lorenzen
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Collagen Content ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Hexosamine Content ◽  
Healing Processes

ABSTRACT Biochemical and histological changes in the aortic wall of rabbits were demonstrated following injection of epinephrine and l-thyroxine during 2 weeks. The widespread gross and microscopic changes were accompanied by an increase in hexosamine content and uptake of 35S labeled sodium sulphate, and an increased calcium content, whereas the collagen content, assessed by determination of hydroxyproline, was reduced. Comparison with the effect of epinephrine injections alone showed that thyroxine intensified the damaging effect of epinephrine on the vessel wall and induced more pronounced mucopolysaccharide changes in the aortic wall, presumably acting as a link in the healing processes.

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