Genetic control of the pre-anthesis development of spring rape (Brassica napus L.). II.* Identification of individual genes controlling developmental pattern

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Thurling ◽  
VLD Das ◽  
Das LD Vijendra
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Light ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vernalization Requirement ◽  
Parental Genotype ◽  
Vernalization Response ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Inbred Backcross Lines ◽  
Spring Rape ◽  
Inbred Backcross

Controlled environment studies of variation in the duration of the vegetative phase of spring rape were conducted with the objective of detecting major genes determining vernalization response. These studies involved analyses of variation within early generation segregating populations and between inbred-backcross lines. Distributions of unvernalized F2 plants from crosses between Target, Bronowski, and Isuzu were clearly bimodal when grown under continuous light at 25°C. Duplicate recessive genes were found to determine the vernalization requirement of Bronowski. In Isuzu, however, the vernalization requirement was determined by two independent genes, one having a markedly greater effect than the other on vernalization response. The genes in Bronowski occurred at different loci from those in Isuzu, and Target, which had no vernalization requirement, possessed the dominant alleles of all four genes. Plants having a significantly shorter vegetative phase than Target were also detected in F2 and backcross populations of crosses between Target and the other two cultivars. Analyses of the distribution of inbred-backcross lines showed that this character was determined by genes from Isuzu and Bronowski which were not expressed when associated with the parental genotype. ______________________ *Part I, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 30: 251 (1979).

Variation in the pre-anthesis development of spring rape (Brassica napus L.)

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Thurling ◽  
LDV Das
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Spring Rape

Fifteen cultivars of spring rape (Brassica napus L.) were each sown at four different times between April and October at Perth in either natural photoperiods or continuous light. Under natural photoperiods, flowering of the Japanese cultivars Chisaya and Isuzu was delayed in later sowings, but the flowering times of all other cultivars were advanced with each successive delay in sowing. When plants were grown under continuous light another two groups of cultivars could be recognized. One group comprised early-flowering Canadian cultivars which flowered later in the June sowing than in the other sowings. The other group comprised late-flowering European cultivars characterized by a slight delay in flowering in the last sowing. The direct effects of temperature on growth rate were more important than inductive responses in determining time of flowering in all cultivars except Chisaya and Isuzu, which had substantial vernalization requirements. Other cultivars such as Komet, Bronowski, Masoweicki and Norin 16 had low vernalization requirements which were largely masked by the increase in the rate of growth with higher temperatures in later sowings. In controlled environments, considerable variation in response to vernalization, temperature and photoperiod was detected between six spring rape cultivars. The early-flowering Canadian cultivars Target and Oro were the least responsive to vernalization and under continuous light did not respond at all. European and Japanese cultivars used here responded more markedly to vernalization, and their responses were greatly influenced by temperatures experienced after the completion of vernalization. Under continuous light and high temperature, the Japanese cultivars responded markedly to 4 weeks' vernalization which apparently saturated the system. The European cultivars Bronowski and Masoweicki, on the other hand, only responded moderately.

Genetic control of the pre-anthesis development of spring rape (Brassica napus L.). I. Diallel analysis of variation in the field

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Thurling ◽  
LDV Das
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Spring Rape

A l0 x 10 complete diallel cross of spring rape cultivars was sown at three different times in the field to obtain basic information on the genetic control of pre-anthesis development. Analyses of variance of the diallel cross data indicated that both duration of the vegetative phase and leaf number at initiation were highly heritable in all sowings although dominance effects were also significant. No significant reciprocal differences were detected. Variance v. covariance (Vr–Wr) graphs for duration of the vegetative phase indicated that neither gene interaction nor correlated gene distribution was important. The order of parents along the regression line varied greatly between sowings. Late-flowering parents were found to possess a much higher frequency of recessive genes in the April and September sowings than in the June sowing when temperatures during early development were generally lower. It is suggested that this variation in the disposition of parents in the Vr–Wr graphs may reflect differences in genes for vernalization requirement which are expressed most strongly under higher temperatures. In the case of number of leaves formed prior to initiation, the slope of the regression line deviated significantly from unity in the first and second sowings, but the magnitude of this deviation declined with successive delays in sowing. Gene interaction and/or correlated gene distributions were apparently significant under certain conditions. The order of parents along the regression line also varied with sowing date, but not in as regular a manner as with duration of the vegetative phase. Differences in duration of the vegetative phase and leaf number between the Japanese cultivar Isuzu and all other parents in the September sowing appeared to be determined by one gene, or at most a small number of major genes.

Vernalization response in spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Murphy ◽  
R. Scarth
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Vernalization Response ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Cumulative Response ◽  
Cold Requirement ◽  
Key Words:Brassica

Early maturity is a major objective of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) breeding programs in western Canada. Maturity of crops is influenced by time of initiation and flowering. The presence of a vernalization requirement affects plant development by delaying floral initiation until the cold requirement of the plant has been satisfied. Five spring oilseed rape cultivars were screened for their response to vernalization. Vernalization treatments consisted of exposure of germinated seeds to 0–42 d at 4 °C. Plants were assessed under a 20-h photoperiod. In general, there was a cumulative response to vernalization, with a decrease in days to each developmental stage as exposure to 4 °C was increased. Vernalization treatment of 6 d at 4 °C was sufficient to decrease both the days to first flower and the final leaf number. The characterization of vernalization response is of interest because variation in flowering time in response to year-to-year variations in the environment could result. Key words:Brassica napus, canola, oilseed rape, vernalization

scholarly journals Vernalization Response of Some Winter Wheat Cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (No. 3-4) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Košner ◽  
K. Pánková
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Vernalization Requirement ◽  
Photoperiod Response ◽  
Vernalization Response ◽  
Multiple Alleles ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
The Given

For 17 cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) different vernalization and photoperiod responses were detected. The effect of photoperiod sensitivity was not significantly changed by vernalization; different vernalization responses were probably due to the presence of multiple alleles at Vrn loci. The delay in heading depended on the vernalization deficit exponentially: y = Parameter (1) + (y0 – Parameter (1)) × EXP (Parameter (2) × (x – x0)). The dependence was shown to be general and significant for the given model in all the studied cultivars. Individual regressions characterised responses of cultivars to a deficit of vernalization treatment. Cluster analysis according to the characterisation obtained (full vernalization requirement, minimum vernalization requirement, insufficient vernalization and parameters of the dependence) showed the relationships between cultivars and enabled their grouping by similar profiles of vernalization, and, possibly, of photoperiod response. In individual cultivars, an attempt was made to use the model to predict performance for some agronomic traits.

Flowering responses to vernalization and photoperiod in annual medics (Medicago spp.)

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 831 ◽  
Author(s):  
NM Clarkson ◽  
JS Russell
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Vernalization Requirement ◽  
Vernalization Response ◽  
The Third ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Temperature Requirement ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Annual Medics

The three processes thought to control flowering times in annual medics (Medicago spp.) are a vernalization requirement, a long day requirement and a high temperature requirement. To examine the first two processes, seed of seven cultivars of six species was vernalized at 1�C for periods of up to 11 weeks, then grown to flowering under three photoperiods in a glasshouse. To study the third process, the time to flowering of selected treatments from this expcrirnent was compared with flowering data from plants grown in the field at a range of temperatures lower than in the glasshouse. Vernalization and photoperiod caused large shifts in flowering time but the effects varied widely among species. M. scutellata was almost insensitive to both factors but in M. rugosa acceleration of up to 91 days was caused by treatment. Vernalization and short dark periods were additive in accelerating flowering and largely able to substitute for each other. Species flowered almost simultaneously when given their most favourable conditions for flowering. High temperature accelerated flowering in all species studied. However, in species other than M. scutellata it was necessary for a vernalization requirement to be met before this effect was observed. A new finding was that the vernalization response in M. truncatula and M. littoralis was largely reversed after more than 7 weeks of vernalization. This suggests a previously undetected flowering mechanism in these species.

VERNALIZATION RESPONSES OF A SELECTED GROUP OF SPRING WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) CULTIVARS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. JEDEL ◽  
L. E. EVANS ◽  
R. SCARTH
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Vernalization Requirement ◽  
Vernalization Response ◽  
Rapid Induction ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Lag Period

Ten spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were assessed for the pattern, duration and stability of their response to vernalization and the effect of plant age on receptivity to cold treatment. Cold treatment intervals of 0–6 wk were used to determine the patterns of response. Cajeme 71, Fielder and Pitic 62 were found to have a gradual response with the vernalization requirement satisfied after 4 or 5 wk of cold treatment. Benito, Glenlea, Marquis, and Neepawa had slight but significant responses to longer cold treatments (5–6 wk). Yecora 70, Prelude and Sinton were nonresponsive to the cold treatments. The development of the vernalization responses in Cajeme 71 and Pitic 62 was assessed with cold treatments of 0, 1, 4, 8, 16 and 32 days in a greenhouse study. The pattern of response consisted of a lag period, a period of rapid induction, and finally a plateau when the vernalization requirement was filled. Intermediate temperature treatments of 1–6 days at 15 °C stabilized the vernalization response induced by 2 wk of cold treatment (4 °C) in Fielder and Pitic 62 and by 6 wk of cold treatment in Cajeme 71. Pitic 62 was responsive to cold treatments at ages 0 and 7 days, with the responsiveness decreasing with increasing age. Neepawa, at the ages tested, was relatively non-responsive to the cold treatments.Key words: Wheat (spring), vernalization response, temperature, plant age

A short overview of chlorophyll biosynthesis in algae

Biologia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliška Gálová ◽  
Iveta Šalgovičová ◽  
Viktor Demko ◽  
Katarína Mikulová ◽  
Andrea Ševčovičová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Pigments ◽  
Short Overview

AbstractChlorophylls are the most abundant classes of natural pigments and their biosynthesis is therefore a major metabolic activity in the ecosphere. Two pathways exist for chlorophyll biosynthesis, one taking place in darkness and the other requiring continuous light as a precondition. The key process for Chl synthesis is the reduction of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide). This enzymatic reaction is catalysed by two different enzymes — DPOR (dark-operative Pchlide oxidoreductase) or the structurally distinct LPOR (light-dependent Pchlide oxidoreductase). DPOR which consists of three subunits encoded by three plastid genes in eukaryotes was subject of our study. A short overview of our present knowledge of chlorophyll biosynthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in comparison with other plants is presented.

Isolation and evaluation of three novel native promoters in Brassica napus

Botany ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 414-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limin Wu ◽  
Aliaa El-Mezawy ◽  
Saleh Shah
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Reporter Gene ◽  
Genetic Modification ◽  
Gus Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Genome Walking ◽  
Constitutive Promoter ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Transgenic Canola ◽  
Uida Reporter Gene

To provide effective and specific native promoters for canola (Brassica napus L.) genetic modification, three promoters were isolated by genome walking from this species. These three promoters were fused to the uidA reporter gene (GUS) and were independently used to generate populations of transgenic canola plants. Plants transformed with BnPGPro-GUS (B. napus putative germin promoter) exhibited GUS activity in all the tissues tested at a level comparable to those transformed with CaMV35 S promoter. This indicates that BnPGPro may serve as a native constitutive promoter for canola. The other two promoters, BnPro3-GUS and BnPro5-GUS (B. napus, promoter 3 and 5), exhibited GUS activity in various tissues. None of these two promoters expressed in embryo, however. These novel Brassica native promoters can be used to modify canola genes for various purposes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Nutrient Status of Some Hydrophytes in the Water Courses of Nile Delta, Egypt

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal H. Shaltout ◽  
Tarek M. Galal ◽  
Thanaa M. El-Komi
Keyword(s):  
Nile Delta ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ceratophyllum Demersum ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Water Courses

The nutritive values of three dominant hydrophytes along the water courses in Nile Delta, Egypt (Echinochloa stagnina, Eichhornia crassipes, and Ceratophyllum demersum) were evaluated in terms of estimating their phytomass, organic, and inorganic chemical compositions. Shoots were collected seasonally from 25 permanent stands representing the distribution of the three species along 15 canals and 10 drains distributed in 5 localities within the Nile Delta. Living and dead parts and total phytomass were estimated. Their inorganic (Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Cu, Mn, and Pb) and organic (carbohydrates, total nitrogen, total protein, ether extract, digestible nutrient, digestible energy, metabolized energy, and net energy) contents were estimated. The vegetative phase of E. stagnina extended during winter, spring, and summer, while it is flowering and fruiting during autumn. On the other hand, E. crassipes and C. demersum attained their maximum flowering during spring and maximum fruiting during summer, while maximum vegetative phase during autumn and winter. E. stagnina had the highest mean annual phytomass, while C. demersum had the lowest. The living parts of C. demersum had the highest concentrations of Na, Ca, and Mg, while the living parts of E. crassipes had the highest of K and N. C. demersum had the ability to accumulate more concentrations of heavy metals than the other studied species. E. crassipes had the highest values of total carbohydrate and total proteins, while E. stagnina had the highest of crude fibers, and C. demersum had the highest of ether extract and ash contents. The living parts of E. crassipes and C. demersum were considered as excellent forages, while the dead parts of all species and the living parts of E. stagnina were evaluated as poor forage.

scholarly journals Production of Restorer Lines from Segregating Progenies of Brassica napus L. Having Good Agronomic Value

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-409
Author(s):  
A. K. M. Aminul Islam ◽  
F. M. Era ◽  
N. K. Aminul Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
The Other ◽  
Restorer Line ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Plant Fertility ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Forty four testcross progenies obtained from crossing between five CMS and forty one candidate lines were evaluated both in field and laboratory condition to identify candidate restorer line(s). Nineteen testcross progenies were recorded as fully fertile with 100% plant fertility by counting the number of fertile plants from the total number of plants per lines. On the other hand from pollen fertility test, 11 testcross progenies [206A × 001(6), 9905A × 030(2), 9905A × 027(6) (0.57), 206A × 37(1) (0.68), 9904A × 027(4) (0.83), 248A × 020(6) (1.08), 248A × 018 (1.12), 248A × 022 (1.13), 248A × 017 (1.58), 248A × 038(2) (1.96) and 248A × 001(6) (2.02)] were found with 0-2.02% pollen sterility that could be mentioned as fertile or restorer lines for making hybrids. Agronomic performances were also satisfactory for these selected test cross progenies. The genotype 248A × 017 took the shortest time (30.00) for first flowering as well as ripening followed by 248A × 007(1). The highest number of pods per plant was observed in the testcross progeny 248A × 022 (649.59) and the highest number of seeds per pod (30.33) in 248A × 020(6). For seed weight per plant, 206A × 001(6) was recorded with maximum value (0.08g) while the lowest (23.33) number of seeds per plant was found in this progeny. In case of seed yield per plant, 248A × 022 gave the highest yield (30.30). The seed yield of the progenies 248A × 017 (23.49), 9905A × 027(6) (20.39), 248A × 001(6) (17.26), 9904A × 027(4) (17.02) and 248A × 038(2) (16.53) were also in the highest level.

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