The effect of the method of management and training grape bushes on the indicators of planting fertility and productivity

В настоящее время на промышленных виноградниках в различных регионах России возделывается множество разновидностей технических сортов винограда. Проведено сравнение двух технических сортов, возделываемых в условиях Нижнего Придонья, дана оценка влияния способов ведения и формирования кустов этих сортов при индустриальной технологии выращивания (схема посадки - 3 х 1,5 м) на количество и качество урожая: неукрывных высокоштамбовых насаждений технического сорт Кристалл венгерской селекции и сорта винограда межвидового происхождения Цветочный, выведенного во ВНИИВиВ им Я.И. Потапенко. Полученные в ходе исследований данные позволяют сравнить влияние различных способов ведения, типов формировки кустов и их нагрузки побегами на показатели плодоносности насаждений, а также количество и качество полученного урожая. Показавшие лучшие результаты способы ведения и формирования кустов для климатической зоны Нижнего Придонья могут быть рекомендованы к использованию. В насаждениях сорта Кристалл рекомендуется использовать малую чашевидную и 2-рукавную высокоштамбовую формировку кустов; в насаждениях сорта Цветочный - зигзагообразный кордон и Y-образную формировку, с увеличением нагрузки до 35 побегов на куст при схеме посадки 3 х 1,5 м. Рекомендуемые способы ведения и формировки кустов винограда сортов Кристалл и Цветочный позволят получать стабильные и качественные урожаи. Currently, a wide range of wine grape varieties is cultivated in industrial vineyards of various regions of Russia. We compared two wine varieties cultivated in the conditions of the Lower Don region, and assessed the effect of methods of bush management and training these varieties with industrial cultivation technology (planting scheme - 3 x 1.5m) on the quantity and quality of the yield: open-earth high-head plantings of wine variety ‘Cristall’ of Hungarian selection and the variety of interspecific origin ‘Tsvetochniy’, bred in the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking named after Ya.I.Potapenko. The data obtained in the course of the research allow us to compare the effect of different management methods, types of bush training and loading with shoots on the indicators of plant fertility, as well as the quantity and quality of the obtained yield. The methods of management and training bushes for the climatic zone of the Lower Don region with better results can be recommended for introduction. For the ‘Cristall’ plantings, it is recommended to use a small cup-shaped and two-armed high-stem bush training; for the ‘Tsvetochniy’ plantings - a zigzag cordon and a Y-shaped bush training with loading increase up to 35 shoots per bush, and a planting scheme - 3 x 1.5 m. The recommended methods of management and training grape bushes of wine varieties ‘Cristall’ and ‘Tsvetochniy’ will make it possible to obtain stable and high-quality yields.

Review: Synthesis of Urea in Several Methods

<p>Urea (CO (NH)₂) is one of the compositions in making fertilizer. Fertilizer is crucial, especially for plant growth (affecting plant fertility). If a plant had urea fertilizer on the soil, nitrogen in the fertilizer releases quickly, and it will cause environmental pollution. Therefore, many studies want to develop urea fertilizer to be more efficient to use. The purpose of this review is to find the most appropriate method for the efficient use of urea as seen from the material used, the technique used, and the results obtained. This review shows that the most appropriate method is the slow release method with NaOH and fly ash ingredients. Because this method can increase the effective utilization of urea, reduce environmental pollution, and be relatively more straightforward, the raw material is more affordable and spread widely in the market.</p><p> </p>

ASAL USUL TARIAN TRADISIONAL PELBAGAI BUDAYA DI LUAR DAN DI SABAH

Setiap tarian tradisional di dunia ini mempunyai asal usulnya. Artikel ini bertujuan membuat sorotan literatur tentang asal usul tarian-tarian tradisional di luar dan di Sabah. Kajian perpustakaan dan laman sesawang telah dilakukan untuk mengumpul data daripada buku, makalah jurnal, makalah ensiklopedia dan penerbitan lain yang ada hubung kait dengan fokus sorotan literatur ini. Hasil sorotan literatur yang dilakukan mendapati asal usul tarian tradisional di luar Sabah hanya terhad kepada dua jenis asal usul sahaja, iaitu ritual dan pergerakan binatang. Kebanyakan tarian ritual di luar Sabah didapati bertujuan untuk permintaan hujan, kesuburan tanaman, penyembuhan penyakit dan upacara kematian. Selain asal usul tarian tradisional yang berkait dengan ritual, terdapat juga tarian tradisional yang berasal daripada pergerakan binatang seperti pergerakan kera, kijang dan unggas. Bagi asal usul tarian-tarian tradisional di Sabah pula, tarian ritual yang ditemui dalam sorotan literatur ini didapati bertujuan untuk penyembuhan penyakit, pemujaan semangat padi dan semangat mengayau serta menolak bala. Berkaitan pergerakan binatang, terdapat tarian tradisional di Sabah yang diilhami daripada pergerakan burung, khususnya burung layang-layang dan burung helang. Tiada pergerakan binatang lain yang ditemui. Tambahan pula, terdapat asal usul tarian tradisional di Sabah yang berasal daripada permainan tradisional orang tempatan. Asal usul sedemikian tidak ditemui dalam asal usul tarian tradisional di luar Sabah ketika sorotan literatur ini dilakukan. Kesimpulannya, terdapat tiga jenis asal usul tarian-tarian tradisional di Sabah telah ditemui dan dibincangkan dalam sorotan literatur ini, iaitu tarian-tarian tradisional yang berasal daripada ritual, pergerakan binatang dan permainan. Every traditional dance in the world has its own origin. This literature review aims to review the origin of the traditional dances outside Sabah and in Sabah. The search for books, journal articles, encyclopedia articles and other publications materials as the data of this literature review were done through library research and online search. In the review, it was found that all the dances outside Sabah were originated from either ritual or the movements of animals and birds. Majority of the ritual dances outside Sabah were associated with the purpose of praying for rain, plant fertility, healing for sickness and funeral. Besides ritual dances, the origin of other dances was associated with the movement of animals such as monkey, deer and birds. For the origin of the tradisional dances in Sabah, rituals dances found in this literature review conducted with the purpose of sickness healing, worshiping paddy spirits and spirits of head-hunting as well as repelling misfortune hapennings. Regarding movement of animals, there are traditional dances of Sabah originated from the movement of birds, especially swallow and eagle. None of the dances were originated from the movement of animals. In addition, there are dances in Sabah originated from the traditional games of the local people. Such origin of traditional dances was not found outside Sabah at the time of this literature review was conducted. In conclusion, three types of the origins of the tradisional dances of Sabah were identified and discussed in this literature review, namely ritual, movement of animals and the traditional games.

Production of Restorer Lines from Segregating Progenies of Brassica napus L. Having Good Agronomic Value

Forty four testcross progenies obtained from crossing between five CMS and forty one candidate lines were evaluated both in field and laboratory condition to identify candidate restorer line(s). Nineteen testcross progenies were recorded as fully fertile with 100% plant fertility by counting the number of fertile plants from the total number of plants per lines. On the other hand from pollen fertility test, 11 testcross progenies [206A × 001(6), 9905A × 030(2), 9905A × 027(6) (0.57), 206A × 37(1) (0.68), 9904A × 027(4) (0.83), 248A × 020(6) (1.08), 248A × 018 (1.12), 248A × 022 (1.13), 248A × 017 (1.58), 248A × 038(2) (1.96) and 248A × 001(6) (2.02)] were found with 0-2.02% pollen sterility that could be mentioned as fertile or restorer lines for making hybrids. Agronomic performances were also satisfactory for these selected test cross progenies. The genotype 248A × 017 took the shortest time (30.00) for first flowering as well as ripening followed by 248A × 007(1). The highest number of pods per plant was observed in the testcross progeny 248A × 022 (649.59) and the highest number of seeds per pod (30.33) in 248A × 020(6). For seed weight per plant, 206A × 001(6) was recorded with maximum value (0.08g) while the lowest (23.33) number of seeds per plant was found in this progeny. In case of seed yield per plant, 248A × 022 gave the highest yield (30.30). The seed yield of the progenies 248A × 017 (23.49), 9905A × 027(6) (20.39), 248A × 001(6) (17.26), 9904A × 027(4) (17.02) and 248A × 038(2) (16.53) were also in the highest level.

Uji Lanjutan Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri pada Bioaktivator dari Limbah Bonggol Pisang (MOL) dalam Proses Pengomposan Sampah Organik Rumah Tangga

One of the factors of plant fertility is influenced by the addition of compost which contains bioactivators. One of the bioactivators that can be used in the composting process traditionally is using MOL (Local Microorganisms). MOL from banana stem is an alternative material that can be used as a starter in the composting process. This study aims to isolate and identify N-fixing bacteria and phosphate solvents that work in the composting process of household organic waste using banana steam waste as MOL for bioactivators. This research is experimental. The making sample of MOL and the process of bacterial isolation were carried out in the STTL Mataram Laboratory, then identification of the type of bacteria was carried out at The Balai Laboratorium Kesehatan dan Kalibrasi. The results showed that the bacteria identified in the MOL sample were Pseudomonas sp. and Citrobacter freundii.

A transposon surveillance mechanism that safeguards plant male fertility during stress

ABSTRACTAlthough plants are able to withstand a range of environmental conditions, spikes in ambient temperature can impact plant fertility causing reductions in seed yield and significant economic losses1,2. Therefore, understanding the precise molecular mechanisms that underpin plant fertility under environmental constraints is critical to safeguard future food production3. Here, we identified two Argonaute-like proteins whose activities are required to sustain male fertility in maize plants under high temperatures. We found that MALE-ASSOCIATED ARGONAUTE 1 and 2 (MAGO1 and MAGO2) associate with temperature-induced phased secondary small RNAs in pre-meiotic anthers and are essential to control the activity of retrotransposons in male meiocyte initials. Biochemical and structural analyses revealed how MAGO2 activity and its interaction with retrotransposon RNA targets are modulated through the dynamic phosphorylation of a set of highly conserved surface-located serine residues. Our results demonstrate that an Argonaute-dependent RNA-guided surveillance mechanism is critical in plants to sustain male fertility under environmentally constrained conditions by controlling the mutagenic activity of transposons in male germ cells.