Interactions between phyto-oestrogens and steroids in the cervical mucus and uterine weight responses in ewes

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Kelly ◽  
AJ Allison ◽  
DK Shirley
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Cervical Mucus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Progesterone Treatment ◽  
Subcutaneous Implant

Cervical mucus and uterine weight responses were measured in ovariectomized ewes grazing pastures containing isoflavones and coumestans—red clover (Trifolium pyatense) and lucerne (Medicago sativa) respectively. The red clover pastures were highly oestrogenic to the ewes, large productions of mucus and high uterine weights being recorded. Grazing of these pastures for a 12-day period prior to bioassay had no significant effect on either response. The lucerne pastures were only mildly oestrogenic. Administration of progesterone either by subcutaneous implant (375 mg progesterone) or intramuscular injection (10 mg per ewe per day) inhibited the mucus responses to isoflavones but did not decrease the uterine weight responses. In one of two experiments, the uterine weight was unaffected and in the other experiment the weight was enhanced by progesterone treatment. Testosterone propionate injections (10 mg per ewe per day) had no effect on either the cervical mucus or uterine weight responses, but induced oestrus in all ewes.

Increase in chlorine content of cervical mucus as a simple test for impending ovulation and for oestrogenic stimulation in ewes

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (27) ◽  
pp. 314 ◽  
Author(s):  
KE Turnbull ◽  
DA Shutt ◽  
AWH Braden
Keyword(s):  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Ionic Concentration ◽  
Cervical Mucus ◽  
Photometric Method ◽  
Simple Test ◽  
Cent Sodium ◽  
Wet Weight

The chloride concentration in the cervical mucus of ewes was estimated by applying a sample of the mucus to paper impregnated with silver chromate. The concentration was equivalent to 0.1-0.3 per cent sodium chloride during dioestrus, rose to 0.7-0.9 per cent about 24 hours before the onset of oestrus and fell to about 0.4 per cent shortly before ovulation occurred. More precise measurements of the ionic concentration of the cervical mucus by a photometric method indicated that the chloride concentration rose from a mean level of 98 m.equiv. per litre (equivalent to 0.6 per cent NaCl) approximately 24 hours before oestrus to 122 m.equiv. per litre (equivalent to 0.7 per cent NaCl) during oestrus; the concentration of sodium increased from 105 to 137 m.equiv. per litre, and potassium decreased from 27 to 14 m.equiv. per litre. The rise in chloride concentration in the mucus was associated with an increase in the amount of mucus present. In ovariectomized ewes an increase in the chloride content of the cervical mucus from 0.1 to 0.7 per cent occurred within 24 hours after either the intramuscular injection of stilboestrol (4 to 20 �g) or feeding oestrogenic red clover (0.75 to 3 kg wet weight), and indicates that the method may be useful for rapid oestrogen bioassay in sheep. Progesterone given at the same time, but not when given 48 hours before, depressed the response.

PRE-TRAUMA OESTROGEN REQUIREMENTS FOR INDUCTION OF DECIDUALIZATION IN SPAYED, PROGESTERONE-TREATED RATS

1966 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Rossi Cartoni ◽  
G. Bignami
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Progesterone Treatment ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate

ABSTRACT The formation of deciduomata was investigated in ovariectomized rats treated with various combinations of oestrogen and progesterone before traumatization. The hormonal treatment was kept constant for all groups of animals during the period between traumatization and autopsy (4 mg of progesterone and 0.2 μg of oestradiol benzoate daily). Uterine weight and carbonic anhydrase activity were measured 96 hours after trauma and compared with those of intact controls receiving traumatization on day 4 of pseudopregnancy. When a single dose of oestrogen was given on the day before traumatization, induction of decidualization was successful under a wide variety of experimental conditions (presence or absence of oestrogen »priming« before the beginning of the progesterone treatment; progesterone treatment of varying duration). On the contrary, treatment with divided doses of oestrogen, given for 3 days before trauma, allowed extensive decidualization only in rats »primed« with oestrogen, and traumatized on the fourth day of a progesterone treatment started 24 hours after vaginal keratinization. It appears therefore that only the »oestrogen surge« hypothesis of Shelesnyak and his collaborators can account for those conditions in which implantation occurs at variable intervals of time after the last oestrus (lactation, hypophyseal autotransplantation, administration of a tranquilizer and early ovariectomy followed by hormonal treatment). On the other hand, both the hypothesis of Shelesnyak and that proposed by Yochim & DeFeo (1963) (i. e. continuous secretion of small amounts of oestrogen during the first three days of pregnancy and pseudopregnancy) could account for the rapid waxing and waning of endometrial sensitivity to deciduoma-inducing stimuli observed in normal pregnancy and pseudo-pregnancy.

Response of different fodder legume species to Colletotrichum trifolii

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 1110
Author(s):  
Irene Jacob ◽  
Stephan Hartmann ◽  
Christine Struck
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Onobrychis Viciifolia ◽  
Colletotrichum Trifolii

Colletotrichum trifolii, the causal agent of southern anthracnose, is a major fungal disease in red clover (Trifolium pratense) and lucerne (alfalfa, Medicago sativa), with varietal differences reported. However, results on the reactions of other fodder legumes grown in Central Europe are limited. In this study, a greenhouse test for resistance evaluated the response of T. repens, T. alexandrinum, T. incarnatum, T. resupinatum, Lotus corniculatus, M. lupulina, Onobrychis viciifolia, Vicia sativa, and V. villosa against C. trifolii compared with M. sativa. Conditions of the test were not suitable for T. alexandrinum and the two Vicia species; however, T. repens, T. resupinatum, and L. corniculatus proved highly resistant against the fungus. The other species showed mean plant survival rates of 61.5–84.7%.

scholarly journals Precrop Effect of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) on the Population Development of the Northern Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, 1949 and on Succeeding Crops—A Pot Study

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Renata Dobosz ◽  
Roman Krawczyk
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Continuous Cultivation ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Tomato Growth

The northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla, is a major pest of many crop species. The objective of the study was to determine how M. hapla population dynamics is affected by two precrops, i.e., Trifolium pratense and Medicago sativa, in three crop durations: one, two and three years of continuous cultivation. Moreover, we set ourselves the task of evaluating the effect of the legume precrop soil on the growth of the succeeding tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum) and on the nematode population. The experiment was performed outdoors in pots with naturally infected soil. Both precrop species investigated were found to modify the J2 nematode population density in the soil. The galls and nematode females with egg masses were observed on the roots of both studied plant species at the end of each growing season. They appeared to be more abundant on the red clover roots than on those of the alfalfa. The obtained data indicate that the spring soil sampling is more appropriate for the estimation of the M. hapla population density in the red clover precrop soil. The legume precrop soil had a limiting effect on tomato growth and fruit yield. The nematode population negatively influenced tomato growth. The experiment revealed that tomato plants could be planted in alfalfa precrop soil following at least three years of continuous alfalfa cultivation. The same cannot be said of the cultivation of red clover as a precrop for tomatoes.

OESTROGEN RESPONSES OF RATS NEONATALLY STERILIZED WITH STEROIDS

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. WRENN ◽  
JOAN R. WOOD ◽  
J. BITMAN
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate

SUMMARY At 75 days of age, female rats neonatally sterilized with oestradiol benzoate or testosterone propionate were compared with normal and ovariectomized rats with regard to their 6-hr. response to 0·2 μg. oestradiol 17β. The greatest increases in uterine weight, glucose and glycogen concentrations and per cent uterine water occurred in the ovariectomized animals. A marked oestrogen response also occurred in the animals neonatally sterilized with oestradiol benzoate. The response of the normal rats was slight, and the testosterone propionate-treated rats were the least affected. Adrenal, pituitary, and ovarian weights were found to be affected by the neonatal hormone treatments. Vaginal patency was completely inhibited in the rats injected with testosterone propionate. It is concluded that rats neonatally sterilized with steroids are much less suitable than ovariectomized animals for oestrogen assays.

Effect of Imazethapyr on Legumes and the Effect of Legumes on Weeds

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
The Other ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Weed Biomass

A three-year experiment was conducted near Scottsbluff, NE, to evaluate the selectivity of POST-applied imazethapyr for weed control in alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, cicer milkvetch, red clover, sainfoin, and yellow sweetclover. Imazethapyr injured all legumes 15 DAT. Imazethapyr also reduced the height of birdsfoot trefoil, cicer milkvetch, red clover, and yellow sweeclover 28 DAT. Legume first cutting yields were not reduced by imazethapyr and with alfalfa, birdsfoot trefoil, cicer milkvetch, and sainfoin, first cutting yields were increased by imazethapyr. Imazethapyr reduced weed biomass in all legume seedings. Weed biomass in new seedings of alfalfa was reduced more than that of the other legumes.

The oestrogenicity of equol in sheep

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kaziro ◽  
J. P. Kennedy ◽  
E. R. Cole ◽  
P. T. Southwell-Keely
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Lower Dose Rate ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

ABSTRACT The effects of intramuscular injection of synthetic racemic equol (±3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro2H-1-benzopyran-7-ol) into wethers have been examined with respect to maintenance of plasma level, teat growth rate and the activity of the respiratory enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. At a dose rate of 1·03 mmol/day a steady rise in 'total' (free plus conjugated) equol in plasma occurred to 1·78μmol/l in 4 days. A dose rate of 2·07 mmol/day produced only a further slight increase in plasma equol. At a lower dose rate of 0·52 mmol/day the plasma concentration reached 0·62 μmol/l in 2 days and this was not exceeded thereafter. At the dose rate of 1·03 mmol/day over 7 days significant increases in teat length and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity occurred but no significant changes were observed at the dose rate of 0·52 mmol/day. It appears that threshold levels of intake of equol which maintain a plasma level of about 1·65 μmol/l are needed for oestrogenic effects to become apparent within a relatively short time. Administration of 1·03 mmol/day over 5 days to ovariectomized ewes produced significant increases in uterine weight equivalent to those produced by 92 nmol stilboestrol dipropionate. Thus stilboestrol was apparently 56000 times more potent than racemic equol. J. Endocr. (1984) 103, 395–399

scholarly journals 159 The effect of multispecies swards on parasite faecal egg counts of grazing lambs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 170-170
Author(s):  
Romina A Rodriguez ◽  
Cornelia Grace ◽  
Mary B Lynch ◽  
Helen Sheridan ◽  
Stephen Lott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
The Other ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Faecal Egg Counts

Abstract Multispecies swards (MSS) for ruminants are increasing in popularity in temperate regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of MSS containing grasses, legumes and herbs on lambs faecal egg counts (FEC) compared to a perennial ryegrass monoculture. Over two years (2015 and 2016) lambs (n = 60 per year, n = 120 in total per treatment) grazed one of four sward types. The treatments were: perennial ryegrass only (PRG), perennial grass and white clover (PRGWC), six species sward (perennial ryegrass, timothy, plantain, chicory, white and red clover; 6S) and nine species (9S) additional to the 6S were cocksfoot, greater birdsfoot trefoil and yarrow. Feces samples were collected fortnightly commencing when lambs were six weeks old and FEC were determined by the modified McMaster procedure for quantifying Nematodirus and Trichostrongylus eggs. All lambs were treated with anthelmintic at 12 weeks of age and subsequent anthelmintic treatments were administered when a threshold of 400 egg per gram (epg) was reached. The statistical analysis used was a repeated measures model in PROC MIXED of SAS. Nematodirus FEC did not differ with treatment (P > 0.05). Trichostrongylus FEC was influenced by sward type (P < 0.05), the lambs grazing the PRG sward displaying higher FEC, while the lambs grazing the 9S sward displaying lower FEC compared to other treatments. The lambs offered PRG required fewer days in reach the 400 epg threshold compared to the other treatments (P < 0.05) that did not differ. The repeatability of FEC from one date to the next date was 21.54% and 11.85% for Nematodirus and Trichostrongylus respectively, being considered low. The correlation between FEC (Nematodirus) and ADG (weaning-slaughter) was positive (0.1377), but FEC (Trichostrongylus) and ADG correlation was negative (-0.1084). These results suggest that lambs offered the 9S treatment had lower FEC of Trichostrongylus eggs compared to PRG.

scholarly journals Nutritional availability of amino acids from protein cross-linked to protect against degradation in the rumen

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Ashes ◽  
Jim L. Mangan ◽  
Gurcharn S. Sidhu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Terminal Ileum ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Molar Basis ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Total Milk

1. Casein was labelled with pairs of radioactive amino acids, lysine, tyrosine and leucine, one with I4C and the other with 3H, by jugular infusion into lactating goats followed by isolation of the double-labelled casein from the milk. Total milk protein was similarly labelled by jugular infusion of [35S]cystine. U-14C-labelled fraction- 1 leaf protein was isolated from lucerne (Medicago sativa) grown in an atmosphere of 14C022. The proteins were treated withdifferent levels(333 and667 mmol/kgprotein) offormaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and glyoxal.3. Absorption from the small intestine was measured in sheep with fistulas in the abomasum and terminal ileum, using Cr-EDTA as the digesta flow marker, by introducing radioactive casein into the abomasum.4. Lysine, tyrosine and cystine became increasingly unavailable for absorption from the small intestine of sheep with increasing levels of aldehyde. At the lower level (333 mmol/kg) the proportions of the amino acids that were unavailable were 0.192, 0.051 and 0.123 respectively. At the higher level of formaldehyde (667 mmol/kg) the corresponding values were 0.335, 0.201 and 0.432 respectively. Leucine was not made unavailable with formaldehyde.5. The proportions of lysine, tyrosine and leucine that were unavailable were higher, on a molar basis, after treatment of the proteins with the dialdehydes glutaraldehyde and glyoxal than after treatment with formaldehyde. However, the extent of protein protection provided by the dialdehydes in the rumen, measured using an in vitro procedure, was lower.

Cropping system effects on giant foxtail (Setaria faberi) demography: I. Green manure and tillage timing

Weed Science ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 919-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam S. Davis ◽  
Matt Liebman
Keyword(s):  
Seed Predation ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Other ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Crop Sequence

Manipulation of cropping systems to improve weed management requires a better understanding of how crop- and soil-related factors affect weed life cycles. Our objective was to assess the impacts of timing of primary tillage and use of legume green manure on giant foxtail demography and soil properties. We measured giant foxtail seed survival and dormancy, seedling emergence and survival, and fecundity, in addition to soil phytotoxicity, chemical properties affecting soil fertility and soil water, in the transition between the wheat and corn phases of a wheat–corn–soybean crop sequence. Postdispersal predation of giant foxtail seeds was measured in all three phases of the crop sequence. Wheat was grown either as a sole crop (W) or underseeded with red clover (R), and residues from this phase were rototilled either in the fall (FT) or in spring (ST). There were strong interactions between Red clover and Tillage timing in their effects on giant foxtail recruitment and fecundity in corn. Giant foxtail seedling emergence was 30% lower, and time to 50% emergence was more than 1 wk later, in the ST/R treatment than in the ST/W, FT/W, and FT/R treatments, which did not differ. However, fecundity of giant foxtail was 200% greater in the ST/R treatment than in the other three treatments because of suppressed early corn growth. The net effect of the ST/R treatment on giant foxtail demography in corn was to greatly increase inputs to the seedbank compared with the ST/W, FT/W, and FT/R treatments. Giant foxtail demography in the wheat phase was also affected by Red clover. There was a 200% increase in daily rates of postdispersal seed predation in the wheat phase of the R treatment compared with the W treatment. High-seed predation in the wheat phase and low fecundity in the corn phase of the FT/R treatment suggest that population growth rate of giant foxtail will be lower in this treatment than in the other treatments. The degree of soil phytotoxicity from red clover residues, the changes in the amount of interference from the corn crop early in the growing season, and the differential suitability of crop residues in the different rotations as habitat for seed predators all contributed to changes in giant foxtail demography. Understanding the effects of cropping system characteristics on entire weed life cycles will facilitate the design of integrated suites of complementary weed management tactics.

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