Wool follicle development in the New Zealand Romney and N type sheep. IV. Pre-natal growth and changes in body proportions

1959 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 433 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South African ◽  
The Body ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Body Proportions ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Wool Follicle

Growth, and the relative growth gradients over the body, have been studied in N-type and normal Kew Zealand Romney foetuses. Body weights, and a series of linear measurements taken between different points over the body, have been obtained from a series of foetuses of known ages. Huxley's allometric growth ratios have been calculated from these measurements by using the least squares regression. There are no significant gromth differences between foetuses belonging to the different AT-genotypes of the New Zealand Ronmey. Foetuses belonging to the New Zealand Romney and some British breeds grow at a faster rate than South African Merino foetuses studied by Malan and Curson (1936a) and Cloete (1939). Relative growth gradients over the body are, in general, similar to those of other mammals, but the results do not support the theory of Cloete (1939), that the relative growth rate of a part of the body is solely a function of the age of the part.

Wool follicle development in the New Zealand Romney and N type sheep. V. The pre-natal relationships between growth, skin expansion, and primary follicle number

1959 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 453 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Competition Effect ◽  
Primary Follicle ◽  
Skin Expansion ◽  
Wool Follicle

A method is presented for estimating changes in primary follicle number on different regions of the body of the sheep foetus from linear growth measurements and primary follicle density determinations. The major factor controlling the initiation of new primary follicle anlagen on different regions is shown to be rate of skin expansion, and therefore it appears probable that there is a competition effect between anlagen during this phase of development. After allowance is made for area increases, there are still real differences between regions in the rates of initiation of primary anlagen. There is also evidence that, during the period of primary anlagen initiation, foetuses with a greater surface area have a greater total number of primary anlagen.

scholarly journals A Contribution to the Study of Relative Growth of Parts in Inachus Dorsettensis

1928 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-160
Author(s):  
M. E. SHAW
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
The Body ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Absolute Size ◽  
Relative Growth

1. The relative growth-rate of the various parts of the body was investigated by analysis of linear measurements carried out on the carapace, appendages, and abdomen. 2. The results were as follows: (a) The chelar propus shows strong positive heterogony in the ♂ and very slight positive heterogony in the ♀. The ♂ chela shows dimorphism, the ♂♂ being differentiated into "high" and "low" forms and the dimorphism in all probability being due to the fact that the ♂ chela assumes the ♀ type of growth to a greater or less extent in the non-breeding season. (b) The pereiopods are more positively heterogonic in the ♂ than the ♀ and in both ♂ and ♀ there is a graded k series, but whereas in the ♂ k increases from P1-P4, in the ♀ the series is reversed k being greatest for P1. In both sexes the heterogony in the pereiopods is not so marked as that of the chelar propus. In the ♂ the pereiopods suffer an actual decrease in absolute size at the time when the relative growth-rate is least for the chelar propus and after this period never again attain to their original relative size.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN LINEAR MEASUREMENTS AND LIVE WEIGHT WITH AGE IN PUREBRED AND CROSSBRED PIGLETS

PIG-BREEDING ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
LEVSHIN A.D. ◽  
◽  
KULMAKOVA N.I. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
The Individual

Since changes in linear measurements and the live weight of animals are manifested in a very multifaceted way, it is difficult to imagine their study and accounting using a single universal method. This problem can be solved by using a variety of methods and techniques for studying the individual development of the body. This article is devoted to the study of the features of growth and development in purebred breeding and interbreed hybridization based on the study of the intensity of live weight growth, the dynamics of average daily increases in relative growth rate and linear measurements of experimental animals.

Wool follicle development in the New Zealand Romney and N type sheep. I. The relationships of development to age in the New Zealand Romney and N type sheep foetuses and a comparison with results obtained from the Merino

1957 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 371 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
The Body ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Method Of Least Squares ◽  
Rate Of Development ◽  
Wool Follicle

The development of the follicle population in New Zealand Romney and N-type sheep foetuses has been studied by comparing stages of development at different ages, using the method developed by Carter and Hardy (1947) and Hardy and Lyne (1956). Their scale has been altered so as to give a linear relationship with age, and a regression line has been fitted to the data by the method of least squares. Analysis of the N-type and New Zealand Romney mating groups and a comparison with the Merino data given by Carter and Hardy (1947) show that no marked or consistent differences occur in the age at which different stages of follicle development are completed or in the rate of development of the follicle population. Studies of different positions on the body agree with the findings of other workers that development begins first on the head and limbs and later over the trunk. Between positions the correlation between the age at which follicle development begins and the rate of development after initiation is not significant.

Allometric growth in three species of digenetic trematodes of marine fishes from Belize

1978 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob H. Fischthal
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Body Proportions ◽  
Body Width ◽  
Body Proportion ◽  
Digenetic Trematodes ◽  
Positive Growth

ABSTRACTAllometric growth of body proportions and organs is determined for three species of digenetic trematodes of marine fishes from Belize: Apocreadium mexicanum Manter, 1937 (Apocreadiidae), Pseudocreadium lamelliforme (Linton. 1907) Manter, 1946 (Lepocreadiidae), Paracryptogonimus americanus Manter, 1940 (Cryptogonimidae). These are compared with three other species in which allometric growth has been studied. In all species only the hindbody shows positive growth, whereas the forebody, suckers, and pharynx are consistently negative. The body width, posttesticular body, testes, and ovary are positive in some species and negative in others. In some instances the body proportion or organ is growing at the same rate as the body length.

scholarly journals Relative growth in rabbits: the effects of genetic line, diet and gender

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Ana María Martínez-Bas ◽  
Mathieu Kessler ◽  
Eva Armero
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Retail Cuts ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Different Parts

<p>The relative growth of different parts of the body and tissues was analysed using an allometric model. Animals were crossbred rabbits (males and females) from the mating of commercial lines HYLA-grand parental doe (HY-GPD) female with HYLA Coloured (HY-CO) or Grimaud (GR) males, both selected for the growth rate, or HY-GPD males, selected for weaning weight. They were fed on two different diet, mainly differing in their energy content, and the relative growth of the different parts of their body was assessed. The components with a nearly isometric growth pattern, which grew at the same mean rate as the rest of the body, were skin, chilled carcass and reference carcass; hind legs for retail cuts; and dorsal and carcass length for linear measurements. All allometric coefficients were calculated with respect to the slaughter weight, except percentage of hind leg inter-intramuscular fat (IIMF), which was calculated with respect to the weight of the hind leg. The components that showed early maturing were liver, kidneys, breast and rib viscera for offal and organs; head and breast and ribs for retail cuts; and bone and IIMF percentage of the hind leg. The components with late maturing were forelegs and loin for retail cuts, inguinal, scapular and perirenal fat, meat of the hind leg, and thigh and lumbar circumference length for carcass linear measurements. The GR line showed earlier growth for loin than the maternal HY-GPD line. In addition, the GR and HY-CO lines developed scapular and inguinal fat later than the HY-GPD line. For IIMF percentage, GR presented later growth than HY-CO and HY-GPD. The main effect of the diet was on liver development and on scapular fat: rabbits fed on the high-energy diet showed later liver and scapular fat growth.</p>

Studies of the effects of the gene N on body growth and fleece development of the New Zealand Romney. I. The body growth of the N type lamb

1959 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Cockrem ◽  
AL Rae
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Ram Lambs

A study has been made of the pleiotropic effects of the gene N on the body growth and the carcass of the Sew Zealand Romney lamb. Measurements of body weight and height at withers were taken from birth to about 5 months of age for lambs born in 1952 and 1953 from matings of N/+ x +/+, N/N x N/N, N/N x N/+, and N/+ x N/+ parents. In 1952, +/+ lambs grew faster than N/+ or N/N lambs and this was shown in the greater body weight of the +/+ lambs at 30 days of age. The differences in weight gains corrected for initial weight were greater for single lambs than for twin lambs. The differences in the height at withers were proportional to those in body weight except for the N/N lambs. The N/N lambs had a greater height at withers for their body weight but this could have been the result of factors other than the gene N which were associated with the N–type flock. N–type ewe lambs kept up to 18 months of age maintained lower body weights than +/+ lambs. In 1953 no differences between N/+ and +/+ lambs were found in body growth. It is suggested that a genetic-environment interaction exists for body growth and that the environmental factor is possibly one of climate. No differences were found between the carcass measurements of N/+ and +/+ ram lambs which could not be attributed to the previous differences in body growth.

Pre-natal growth in Romney X Southdown cross and Austrailan Merino sheep. II. Carcass conformation in the two breed groups

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 733 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Breed Group ◽  
Carcass Conformation ◽  
Total Body

The carcass conformation of the sheep foetus has been studied during the period from 50 to 140 days after conception by taking a series of linear measurements over the surface of the body. The mean lengths and the rates of increase in the length of such measurements, with increases in foetal age, are compared between the Romney southdown cross and the Australian Merino breed groups, and also between sexes within each breed group. Although these differences have been analysed on an age basis, the relationship between age and total body length is similar in the two breeds and therefore the same breed effects should also be found if total body length is taken as the primary growth measurement. Further, the rates of increase in length of the measurements of the parts of the body, relative to the rate of increase in total body length measured as curved crown-rump, have been estimated, foetal age being used as the independent variable rather than total body length. The results show that ram foetuses have larger head and neck measurements in both breed groups during early foetal life. The major difference between breeds is the greater width and circumference of the neck and trunk in the Romney x Southdown cross. In addition, the width of the head and the length of the nose are higher in the Romney x Southdown cross, while the humerus head is displaced forward and downward in this breed group, giving a relatively longer and deeper trunk and a shorter neck than the Merino. The allometric growth gradients are broadly similar to those for other mammals, and also to measurements obtained by other workers for the sheep during pre-natal life. No conclusive evidence was obtained to show whether or to what extent the breed differences resulted from alterations to the allometric growth rates or to changes in the dimensions of the parts during morphogenesis. The results do indicate, however, that the alterations to early-developing parts such as the head may result partly or wholly from changes in the initial dimensions, whereas changed in the allometric growth rates appear to produce the differences in the width and circumference of the neck and trunk. The latter effect may also be determined to a relatively greater extent by maternal influences.

Growth and Carcass Traits of Burgundy Fawn, Flemish Giant and New Zealand White Rabbits and their Crosses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Derewicka ◽  
D. Maj ◽  
S. Pałka ◽  
J. Bieniek
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of genotypes on the growth and slaughter traits of Burgundy Fawn (BF), Flemish Giant (FG) and New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits and their crosses. Body weight was recorded from birth to slaughter on the 84th day of life. On the 84thday of life, significantly smaller body weight was recorded in pure bred NZW rabbits (2116 g), while the body weights of purebred FG rabbits (2957 g) were significantly heavier than rabbits with other genotypes. The highest dressing out percentage was obtained for BF rabbits and for BF × FG crosses. It was found that crossing of BF or NZW females with FG males results in a high final body weight and dressing out percentage; therefore, such crossing should be recommended for the production of slaughter rabbits.

L-Ascorbic Acid Addition to Chitosan Reduces Body Weight in Overweight Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Y. Jung ◽  
Sung C. Jun ◽  
Un J. Chang ◽  
Hyung J. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Body Weights

Previously, we have found that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan enhanced the reduction in body weight gain in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan would accelerate the reduction of body weight in humans, similar to the animal model. Overweight subjects administered chitosan with or without L-ascorbic acid for 8 weeks, were assigned to three groups: Control group (N = 26, placebo, vehicle only), Chito group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan), and Chito-vita group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan plus 2 g/day L-ascorbic acid). The body weights and body mass index (BMI) of the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the Control group. The BMI of the Chito-vita group decreased significantly compared to the Chito group (Chito: -1.0 kg/m2 vs. Chito-vita: -1.6 kg/m2, p < 0.05). The results showed that the chitosan enhanced reduction of body weight and BMI was accentuated by the addition of L-ascorbic acid. The fat mass, percentage body fat, body circumference, and skinfold thickness in the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased more than the Control group; however, these parameters were not significantly different between the three groups. Chitosan combined with L-ascorbic acid may be useful for controlling body weight.

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