Studies in citrus nutrition. 2. Phosphorus deficiency and fruit quality

1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Bouma
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Phosphorus Status ◽  
Available Soil Phosphorus

The effects of four cultural treatments and four nitrogen levels on fruit quality, percentage leaf phosphorus, and percentage leaf nitrogen in an experimental citrus orchard are presented. In general, the trees in the tilled treatments, which receive some superphosphate to secure a good growth of the winter cover crop, produce fruit of better quality than those in the notillage treatments. Increasing levels of nitrogen supply in the latter cause a marked decrease in fruit quality. This effect is associated with a decrease in leaf phosphorus in these treatments. Analyses of soils in the different cultural treatments point also to an unfavourable phosphorus status for the no-tillage treatments. A comparison with earlier results in this experiment indicates that fruit quality, particularly in the no-tillage treatments, is deteriorating. This progressive decline is shown to be related to a deterioration in the phosphorus status of the trees in these treatments. Highly significant correlations are reported between fruit quality indices and leaf phosphorus content. Less significant correlations were established with readily available soil phosphorus. These correlations were established in a survey of selected orchards in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Areas, and similar correlations were obtained for the experimental orchard.

The effect of potassium and nitrogen fertilizers on the yield, fruit quality and leaf analysis of Imperial mandarins

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (117) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Colour Development ◽  
Inverse Pattern ◽  
Annual Application

A potassium and nitrogen nutrition trial with Imperial mandarins was conducted for four years at Gayndah in south-eastern Queensland with the following results. Annual applications of 0.5 or 2.0 kg potassium/tree increased average yields by 12.3 and 22.2%, respectively, over those of the nil control, which yielded an average of 163 kg fruit/tree.year. Fruit diameter and rind thickness were also increased and fruit colour development was hastened by the applied potassium. Average leaf levels of potassium resulting from the 0,0.5 and 2.0 kg treatments were 0.85, 0.93, and 1.35% in non-fruiting terminals and 0.40, 0.44 and 0.77% in fruiting terminals. The potassium levels in non-fruiting terminals fluctuated from year to year in an inverse pattern to the alternate yield pattern whereas the levels in fruiting terminals remained stable. With an annual application of 0.4 kg nitrogen/tree average leaf nitrogen levels were 2.83% in non-fruiting terminals and 2.32% in fruiting terminals. At 0.7 kg nitrogen/tree both these figures were increased by 0.11% but there was no effect on yield or fruit quality. When the nitrogen was applied in two dressings in winter, yield was 9% greater than when the same quantity was applied in spring-summer.

Soil properties in relation to the sulphur and phosphorus status of some basaltic soils

Soil Research ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Spencer
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Alluvial Soils ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Sulphur Deficiency ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Phosphorus Status ◽  
Basaltic Soils

Twenty-three basaltic soils from elevated areas in northern New South Wales were examined for sulphur and phosphorus status by growing Phalaris tuberosa L. in pots in a glasshouse. Sulphur deficiency was more common and more severe than was phosphorus deficiency. To determine whether there may be some topographic control of sulphur or phosphorus status, soil colour was examined, as in general the reddest soils were found in the highest positions in the landscape. The soils were first considered as one group and then as subgroups of sedentary, colluvial, and alluvial soils. Using redness to rank the soils, there was no overall relationship to sulphur or phosphorus status. However, colour of the sedentary soils was significantly correlated with sulphur status (r = 0.92***), the reddest soils being the most deficient. The sulphur status of the brown colluvial and greyish brown alluvial soils showed no relationship to colour; they were uniformly severely deficient. Phosphorus deficiency was not associated with soil colour. Neither soil pH nor redox potential was related to the sulphur and phosphorus status of the soils. There was only a weak correlation (r = 0.60**) between the water-soluble sulphur content of all soils, but a stronger correlation (r = 0.81**) when only the sedentary soils were considered. Several soil phosphorus fractions could be satisfactorily used to distinguish between phosphorus-deficient and phosphorus-sufficient soils.

Nitrogen and phosphorus requirements of wheat following subterranean clover pasture

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 971 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Osborne ◽  
GD Batten ◽  
GD Kohn
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Grain Nitrogen ◽  
Available Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

The effects of superphosphate and nitrogen fertilizer on wheat yield, grain nitrogen and phosphorus levels, total soil nitrogen and available soil phosphorus were studied over a 6-year period on plots which had received 718–3343 kg superphosphate ha-1, during a preceding ley pasture-crop period. Wheat yields generally declined with time on all treatments, fertilizer nitrogen reducing the rate of decline. From 125 to 2.50 kg superphosphate ha-1 year-1 was required to maintain maximum wheat yields when nitrogen fertilizer was also applied, but only 125 kg was required in its absence. Grain nitrogen content varied from 1.47 to 2.11% and was not a good indicator of nitrogen fertilizer requirement. Nitrogen removal per crop varied from 27 to 41 kg ha-1 in the presence of added nitrogen and from 21 to 31 kg ha-1 without added nitrogen. Soil nitrogen levels declined at rates varying from 8 to 40 kg ha-1 year-1. Grain phosphorus levels varied from 0.21 to 0.44%. Phosphorus removal in the grain varied from 4 to 8 kg ha-1 per crop. Changes in available soil phosphorus on plots which had previously received 718, 1593, 2468 or 3343 kg superphosphate ha-1 were closely correlated with the rate of superphosphate applied with the crop (r = 0.97, 0.97, 0.93 and 0.80). The amount of superphosphate required to maintain soil phosphorus levels was calculated, and the following conclusions regarding superphosphate use in the pasture-crop rotation in southern New South Wales have been made. Where pastures are not topdressed, the amount of superphosphate needed with each crop varies with the number of years of cropping, the level of soil nitrogen, the number of years of untopdressed pasture relative to the years of crop, and the initial soil phosphorus level.

EFFECT OF AVAILABLE SOIL PHOSPHORUS ON YIELDS AND RESPONSE OF BRUSSELS SPROUTS TO FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS IN THE FIELD

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. MUNRO ◽  
J. A. CUTCLIFFE
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Available Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Total P ◽  
Tissue Phosphorus

The Morgan method, of the four methods studied, gave the best indication of availability of soil phosphorus for Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera DC, Jade Cross). Control plot yields were highly correlated with available soil phosphorus by the Morgan method (r = 0.55, [Formula: see text]) and increased by about 1.3 metric tons of sprouts/ha for each 1 ppm increase in available soil phosphorus. Maximum yields were obtained by the application of 117 kg P/ha on soils testing less than 1.5 ppm P. No response to applied phosphorus occurred at soil-P levels greater than 5.0 ppm. Leaf-tissue phosphorus concentrations generally increased with increasing rates of applied phosphorus. Tissue phosphorus concentrations of control plot leaf samples were not related to control plot yields, but were significantly related to available soil phosphorus. Phosphorus deficiency was indicated when leaf tissue from unfertilized plants contained less than 0.35% total P, but some responses to applied phosphorus did occur when unfertilized plants contained up to 0.60% total P in the tissue.

Improved Plant Diversity as a Strategy to Increase Available Soil Phosphorus

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Crusciol ◽  
João Rigon ◽  
Juliano Calonego ◽  
Rogério Soratto
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
Available Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Crop Residue Decomposition

Some crop species could be used inside a cropping system as part of a strategy to increase soil P availability due to their capacity to recycle P and shift the equilibrium between soil P fractions to benefit the main crop. The release of P by crop residue decomposition, and mobilization and uptake of otherwise recalcitrant P are important mechanisms capable of increasing P availability and crop yields.

Crop residue application at low rates could improve soil phosphorus cycling under long-term no-tillage management

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-511
Author(s):  
Guohui Wu ◽  
Kai Wei ◽  
Zhenhua Chen ◽  
Dongqi Jiang ◽  
Hongtu Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Cycling ◽  
No Tillage

scholarly journals Roles of Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms from Managing Soil Phosphorus Deficiency to Mediating Biogeochemical P Cycle

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Jiang Tian ◽  
Fei Ge ◽  
Dayi Zhang ◽  
Songqiang Deng ◽  
Xingwang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
P Fertilizers ◽  
P Cycle

Phosphorus (P) is a vital element in biological molecules, and one of the main limiting elements for biomass production as plant-available P represents only a small fraction of total soil P. Increasing global food demand and modern agricultural consumption of P fertilizers could lead to excessive inputs of inorganic P in intensively managed croplands, consequently rising P losses and ongoing eutrophication of surface waters. Despite phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) are widely accepted as eco-friendly P fertilizers for increasing agricultural productivity, a comprehensive and deeper understanding of the role of PSMs in P geochemical processes for managing P deficiency has received inadequate attention. In this review, we summarize the basic P forms and their geochemical and biological cycles in soil systems, how PSMs mediate soil P biogeochemical cycles, and the metabolic and enzymatic mechanisms behind these processes. We also highlight the important roles of PSMs in the biogeochemical P cycle and provide perspectives on several environmental issues to prioritize in future PSM applications.

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