Nitrogen and phosphorus requirements of wheat following subterranean clover pasture

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 971 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Osborne ◽  
GD Batten ◽  
GD Kohn
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Grain Nitrogen ◽  
Available Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

The effects of superphosphate and nitrogen fertilizer on wheat yield, grain nitrogen and phosphorus levels, total soil nitrogen and available soil phosphorus were studied over a 6-year period on plots which had received 718–3343 kg superphosphate ha-1, during a preceding ley pasture-crop period. Wheat yields generally declined with time on all treatments, fertilizer nitrogen reducing the rate of decline. From 125 to 2.50 kg superphosphate ha-1 year-1 was required to maintain maximum wheat yields when nitrogen fertilizer was also applied, but only 125 kg was required in its absence. Grain nitrogen content varied from 1.47 to 2.11% and was not a good indicator of nitrogen fertilizer requirement. Nitrogen removal per crop varied from 27 to 41 kg ha-1 in the presence of added nitrogen and from 21 to 31 kg ha-1 without added nitrogen. Soil nitrogen levels declined at rates varying from 8 to 40 kg ha-1 year-1. Grain phosphorus levels varied from 0.21 to 0.44%. Phosphorus removal in the grain varied from 4 to 8 kg ha-1 per crop. Changes in available soil phosphorus on plots which had previously received 718, 1593, 2468 or 3343 kg superphosphate ha-1 were closely correlated with the rate of superphosphate applied with the crop (r = 0.97, 0.97, 0.93 and 0.80). The amount of superphosphate required to maintain soil phosphorus levels was calculated, and the following conclusions regarding superphosphate use in the pasture-crop rotation in southern New South Wales have been made. Where pastures are not topdressed, the amount of superphosphate needed with each crop varies with the number of years of cropping, the level of soil nitrogen, the number of years of untopdressed pasture relative to the years of crop, and the initial soil phosphorus level.

Skeleton weed (Chondrilla juncea) in the Victorian Mallee. 4. Effects of fallowing on wheat yields and weed populations

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (50) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Wells
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
The Individual

Experiments to compare the duration of fallows and the substitution of a 2,4-D spray for some fallow cultivations for wheat production on skeleton weed land were conducted in the Victorian Mallee from 1962 to 1966. Generally winter fallows outyielded spring fallows, commenced only two months later, and these in turn gave higher yields than an autumn-cultivated treatment. Compared with autumn cultivation, winter fallowing reduced skeleton weed density by an average of 49 per cent. Substituting a 2,4-D spray for some Gltivations had little effect on wheat yield, but improved the control of skeleton weed. Grain yield was determined primarily by the level of nitrate nitrogen in the surface 15 cm of soil before sowing, and this effect was attributed to the low soil nitrogen status found in skeleton weed situations. Soil moisture was conserved only occasionally, owing to the difficulty of controlling weed growth during the summer coupled with the variable rainfall distribution in the Mallee. Although a nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer interaction was significant at all sites, neither the individual response nor the interaction was affected by fallow treatment.

scholarly journals The Effect of Granular Commercial Fertilizers Containing Elemental Sulfur on Wheat Yield under Mediterranean Conditions

Plants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitris Bouranis ◽  
Dionisios Gasparatos ◽  
Bernd Zechmann ◽  
Lampros Bouranis ◽  
Styliani Chorianopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Available Soil Phosphorus

The demand to develop fertilizers with higher sulfur use efficiency has intensified over the last decade, since sulfur deficiency in crops has become more widespread. The aim of this study was to investigate whether fertilizers enriched with 2% elemental sulfur (ES) via a binding material of organic nature improve yield when compared to the corresponding conventional ones. Under the scanning electron microscope, the granules of the ES-containing fertilizer were found to be covered by a layer of crystal-like particles, the width of which was found to be up to 60 μm. Such a layer could not be found on the corresponding conventional fertilizer granules. Several fertilization schemes with or without incorporated ES were tested in various durum wheat varieties, cultivated in commercial fields. The P-Olsen content of each commercial field was found to be correlated with the corresponding relative change in the yields (YF/YFBES) with a strong positive relationship. The content of 8 ppm of available soil phosphorus was a turning point. At higher values the incorporation of ES in the fertilization scheme resulted in higher yield, while at lower values it resulted in lower yield, compared with the conventional one. The experimental field trials that established following a randomized block design, were separated in two groups: One with P-Olsen ranging between 18–22 ppm and the other between 12–15 ppm, the results of which corroborated the aforementioned finding. The use of ES in all portions of fertilization schemes provided higher relative yields. The coexistence of ES with sulfate in the granule was more efficient in terms of yield, when compared to the granule enriched with ES alone under the same fertilization scheme and agronomic practice. The application of fertilizer mixtures containing the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), ES and ammonium sulfate resulted in even higher relative yields. Yield followed a positive linear relationship with the number of heads per square meter. In this correlation, the P-Olsen content separated the results of the two groups of blocks, where the applied linear trend line in each group presented the same slope.

Lignotuber Development and Growth Parameters in Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehnh.): Effects of Phosphorus and Nitrogen Levels

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Jahnke ◽  
DJ Carr ◽  
SGM Carr
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Statistical Effect ◽  
Nutritional Factor ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis Dehnh ◽  
Phosphorus Levels ◽  
Number Of Branches

Previous reports of nutritional and genetical effects on lignotuber development in eucalypts are summarized. Seedlings of two provenances of E. camaldulensis, one normally lignotuberous the other non-lignotuberous, were raised under combinations of nitrogen and phosphorus levels. When an effect of nitrogen on overall growth is taken into account, there is no additional effect of phosphorus on lignotuber size or plant height, but there is an effect on the number of branches. Lignotubers were not formed on plants of the southern provenance irrespective of the plane of nutrition. In the northern provenance the percentage of lignotuber-bearing seedlings was highest at high levels of phosphorus associated with low to intermediate levels of nitrogen. At high nitrogen levels there was no statistical effect of change in phosphorus level on percentage of lignotuber formation. Nitrogen supply appears to be the main controlling nutritional factor.

Importance of phosphorus and nitrogen in the nutrition of grass seedlings growing in mulga soil

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Silcock ◽  
A Noble ◽  
RDB Whalley
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Exotic Grasses ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizers ◽  
Early Seedling

A pot experiment was conducted to compare the Importance of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers to seedling growth of four grasses on mulga soil. Two native species, Monachather paradoxa (mulga oats) and Digitaria ammophila (silky umbrella grass), and two exotic ones, Anthephora pubescens (wool grass) and Cenchrus ciliaris cv. Biloela (buffel grass), were tested. Digitaria and the two exotic grasses reacted similarly to applied phosphorus while Cenchrus utilized soil nitrogen more readily than the others. Phosphorus produced marked growth responses, increased the nitrogen and phosphorus contents of the plants, reduced the time between emergence and tillering and reduced root/shoot ratios. Nitrogen fertilizer produced no significant responses and actually retarded very early seedling growth. There were no nitrogen x phosphorus interactions.

Nodule and Plant Development in Stylosanthes humilis H.B.K.: Symbiotic Response to Phosphorus and Sulphur

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
CT Gates
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Effective Strain ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
High Phosphorus ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

The effect of phosphorus and sulphur on the initiation and subsequent course of development of effective nodulation was determined for young seedlings of Stylosanthes humilis over the period days 1 1 to 26 from sowing. The plants were inoculated with an effective strain of Rhizobium and grown under controlled conditions in a small amount of nitrogen-deficient soil. Phosphorus had a beneficial effect on the initiation of nodules, which were first detected at day 11 in high-phosphorus plants, but not until day 14 in low. Thereafter, nodule development was greatly enhanced by phosphorus, nodule numbers, volumes and dry weights being increased. Nodule relative growth rates were stimulated from 0 . 3 g/g/day at low phosphorus levels to 0 . 7 g/g/day at high phosphorus levels over days 23-26. The nodules became pink earlier, and developed more rapidly as nitrogen-rich organs, in response to phosphorus. This suggested that from the earliest stages, phosphorus not only promoted the development of an increased mass of nodular tissue but also favoured an effective symbiosis. This enhanced nodule development led to greatly stimulated growth, with increasing amounts of total nitrogen and phosphorus in high-phosphorus plants. The assimilation of nitrogen by the whole plant was increased from 17 mg/g nodule dry weightlday at low to 53 mg/g/day with high phosphorus over days 23-26. Sulphur caused an increase in dry weight, but the response to sulphur mainly occurred late in development and was smaller than the response to phosphorus in the young seedlings of this trial.

The development of cuttings of the Washington navel orange to the stage of fruit set. IV. The effect of different nitrogen and phosphorus levels on fruiting cuttings

1961 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Bouma
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Navel Orange ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Washington Navel ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Washington Navel orange cuttings, which had flowered 6 months after striking and had set fruit, were subjected to three nitrogen and three phosphorus levels in factorial combination. Increasing nitrogen and phosphorus supply caused a relatively greater increase in the fresh weight of the peel and rag of the fruit than in that of the juice, and this was reflected in a greater diameter of the fruit, a thicker peel, and a decrease in the percentage juice content. The acidity and sugar content of the juice differed little between nitrogen levels, but a marked decrease in both was apparent with increasing phosphorus supply. The results are compared with those of a field experiment. The adverse effects of increasing nitrogen supply on fruit quality were similar in the two experiments. In the glass-house experiment, some improvement in fruit quality with increasing phosphorus levels was only apparent at the low nitrogen level. The dominant role of fruit development with respect to vegetative growth observed in the previous paper of this series was confirmed. Leaves on fruiting shoots showed considerably lower nitrogen and phosphorus contents than the remainder of the leaves, particularly at the higher levels of nutrition.

scholarly journals DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MUDAS DE Swietenia macrophylla EM RESPOSTA A NITROGÊNIO, FÓSFORO E POTÁSSIO

FLORESTA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alberto Franco Tucci ◽  
José Zilton Lopes Santos ◽  
Clauzio Heitor da Silva Júnior ◽  
Patrícia Aparecida de Souza ◽  
Iza Maria Paiva Batista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Swietenia Macrophylla ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Red Latosol ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Objetivou-se avaliar neste estudo o efeito de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio no crescimento de mudas de mogno. As plantas foram cultivadas num Latossolo Amarelo Distrófico argiloso com seis níveis de nitrogênio (0, 50, 100, 125, 150 e 200 kg N ha-1), seis níveis de fósforo (0, 75, 150, 225, 300 e 400 kg P2O5 ha-1) e seis níveis de potássio (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 e 200 kg K ha-1), em condição de casa de vegetação. Aos 100 dias após o transplantio, as plantas foram colhidas para determinar as características de crescimento: altura, diâmetro, matéria seca da parte aérea e raízes e a concentração de nutrientes presentes na parte aérea e raízes. O desenvolvimento das mudas de mogno é pouco influenciado pelo fornecimento de doses crescentes dos nutrientes nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio, indicando uma baixa exigência nutricional da espécie na fase inicial de crescimento. Entre os nutrientes avaliados, a espécie parece ligeiramente mais exigente quanto ao potássio em relação aos demais. No entanto, a demanda da planta já seria satisfeita com uma pequena adição do respectivo nutriente. A adubação com nitrogênio e fósforo não promove melhora na qualidade das mudas de mogno.Palavras-chave: Espécies florestais; mogno; nutrição mineral; crescimento inicial. AbstractDevelopment of Swietenia macrophylla seedlings in response to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. A Greenhouse experiment was developed in order to investigate effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the growth of mahogany seedlings (Swietenia macrophylla King). The plants were cultured in clayey dystrophic Red Latosol containing six nitrogen levels (0, 50, 100, 125, 150 and 200 kg N ha-1), six phosphorus levels (0, 75, 150, 225, 300 and 400 kg P2O5 ha-1) and six potassium levels (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 kg K ha-1). After 100 days of transplanting, the plants were harvest and processed for determine height, diameter, dry weight and nutrient concentration in roots and shoots. Addition of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium did not affect the mahogany seedlings development. In contrast to N and P, the yield of plants was slightly greater with K fertilization. In general, results of this study clearly demonstrate the absence of a beneficial effect of these nutrients on the growth of mahogany seedlings. The nitrogen and phosphorus did not improve the quality of mahogany seedlings.Keywords: Forest species; mahogany; mineral nutrition; early growth.

Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Levels on Growth and Yield of Finger Millet [Eleusine coracana (L.)] During Summer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Vamshi Krishna ◽  
C H Deepthi ◽  
M Devender Reddy ◽  
P S Raju ◽  
Arunabha Pal
Keyword(s):  
Finger Millet ◽  
Eleusine Coracana ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
N Application ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Minimum Yield ◽  
Phosphorus Levels ◽  
Plot Design

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen and phosphorous on growth and yield of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) at Centurion University, Paralakhemundi during summer (February-May), 2018. The combination of four nitrogen levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1) and three levels of phosphorus (0, 20 and 40 kg ha-1) were tested in Split plot design with three replications. There was a significant improvement in plant height and yield attributes with the application of 90 kg N ha-1 as compared to lower levels of N application. With increase in levels of Phosphorus from 20 and 40 kg ha-1 has significantly increased yield. Significantly higher grain (1054kg ha-1) and straw yield (4369kg ha-1) were recorded with the application of 90kg N ha-1 and 40 kg P2O5 ha-1 while, the minimum yield was observed with 0 kg N ha-1 and 0 kg P2O5 ha-1.

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