The effect of potassium and nitrogen fertilizers on the yield, fruit quality and leaf analysis of Imperial mandarins

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (117) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Leaf Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Colour Development ◽  
Inverse Pattern ◽  
Annual Application

A potassium and nitrogen nutrition trial with Imperial mandarins was conducted for four years at Gayndah in south-eastern Queensland with the following results. Annual applications of 0.5 or 2.0 kg potassium/tree increased average yields by 12.3 and 22.2%, respectively, over those of the nil control, which yielded an average of 163 kg fruit/tree.year. Fruit diameter and rind thickness were also increased and fruit colour development was hastened by the applied potassium. Average leaf levels of potassium resulting from the 0,0.5 and 2.0 kg treatments were 0.85, 0.93, and 1.35% in non-fruiting terminals and 0.40, 0.44 and 0.77% in fruiting terminals. The potassium levels in non-fruiting terminals fluctuated from year to year in an inverse pattern to the alternate yield pattern whereas the levels in fruiting terminals remained stable. With an annual application of 0.4 kg nitrogen/tree average leaf nitrogen levels were 2.83% in non-fruiting terminals and 2.32% in fruiting terminals. At 0.7 kg nitrogen/tree both these figures were increased by 0.11% but there was no effect on yield or fruit quality. When the nitrogen was applied in two dressings in winter, yield was 9% greater than when the same quantity was applied in spring-summer.

scholarly journals Optimization of Controlled Water and Nitrogen Fertigation on Greenhouse Culture ofCapsicum annuum

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Youzhen Xiang ◽  
Haiyang Zou ◽  
Fucang Zhang ◽  
You Wu ◽  
Shicheng Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Combination Treatments

This study investigated the effects of different combinations of irrigation and nitrogen levels on the growth of greenhouse sweet peppers, assessing yield, quality, water use efficiency (WUE), and partial factor productivity from applied N (PFPN). By using controlled drip irrigation, the optimal conditions for efficient, large-scale, high-yield, and high quality production of sweet peppers in Northwest China were determined. Using the local conventional irrigation and nitrogen regime as a control (105% ET0, N: 300 kg·hm−2), three alternative irrigation levels were also tested, at 90%, 75%, and 60% ET0. These were combined with nitrogen levels at 100%, as the control, and 75%, 50%, and 25%, resulting in 16 combination treatments. The results show that different supplies of water and nitrogen nutrition had a significant impact on the growth, yield, WUE, PFPN, and quality of fruit. The treatments of W0.90N0.75, W0.90N0.50, W0.75N0.75, and W0.75N0.50can better maintain the “source-sink” relationship of peppers. They increased the economic yield, WUE, and PFPN. A principal component analysis was performed to evaluate indicators of fruit quality, revealing that the treatment of W0.75N0.50resulted in the best fruit quality. For greenhouse sweet peppers produced in Northwest China, the combination of W0.90N0.75resulted in the highest economic yield of 34.85 kg·hm−2. The combination of W0.75N0.75had the highest WUE of 16.50 kg·m−3. The W0.75N0.50combination treatment had the highest fruit quality score. For sustainable ecological development and in view of limited water resources in the area, we recommend the W0.75N0.50combination treatment, since it could obtain the optimal fruit quality, while its economic yield and WUE were 9% and 4% less than the maximum, respectively. This study provides a theoretical basis for the optimal management of water and nitrogen during production of greenhouse sweet peppers in Northwest China.

Studies in citrus nutrition. 2. Phosphorus deficiency and fruit quality

1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Bouma
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Phosphorus Status ◽  
Available Soil Phosphorus

The effects of four cultural treatments and four nitrogen levels on fruit quality, percentage leaf phosphorus, and percentage leaf nitrogen in an experimental citrus orchard are presented. In general, the trees in the tilled treatments, which receive some superphosphate to secure a good growth of the winter cover crop, produce fruit of better quality than those in the notillage treatments. Increasing levels of nitrogen supply in the latter cause a marked decrease in fruit quality. This effect is associated with a decrease in leaf phosphorus in these treatments. Analyses of soils in the different cultural treatments point also to an unfavourable phosphorus status for the no-tillage treatments. A comparison with earlier results in this experiment indicates that fruit quality, particularly in the no-tillage treatments, is deteriorating. This progressive decline is shown to be related to a deterioration in the phosphorus status of the trees in these treatments. Highly significant correlations are reported between fruit quality indices and leaf phosphorus content. Less significant correlations were established with readily available soil phosphorus. These correlations were established in a survey of selected orchards in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Areas, and similar correlations were obtained for the experimental orchard.

VARIABILITY OF RICE VARIETIES OF RUSSIAN BREEDING WITH LOW AMYLOSE CONTENT ON TECHNOLOGICAL GRAIN QUALITY TRAITS IN CONNECTION WITH THE NITROGEN NUTRITION LEVEL IN VEGETATION CONDITIONS IN ABINSKY DISTRICT, KRASNODAR REGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.B. Kumeyko ◽  
◽  
N.G. Tumanian
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
Different Doses

The article studies the technological grain quality traits of rice varieties of Russian breeding Rapan, Flagman, Olimp, Azov, Patriot in the yield of 2017-2019 grown in the Abinsky district, Krasnodar region. Purpose of the research was to study the effect of doses of nitrogen fertilizers on the technological grain quality traits of rice varieties with a low amylose content. Rice varieties were evaluated by mass of 1000 absolutely dry grains, filminess, vitreousity, and fracture when grown with different doses of nitrogen fertilizers N60, N120. With an increase in the dose of nitrogen to N120, "the mass of 1000 absolutely dry grains", "vitreousity", "fracture" remained unchanged or the "filminess" changed. The pattern of changes in grain quality traits may indicate an intensive type of varieties Rapan and Olimp.

REACTION OF RICE VARIETIES PERMITED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH YIELD FORMATION WITH A HIGH GRAIN QUALITY ON LEVEL OF NITROGEN NUTRITION IN AGROLANDSCAPE ZONES OF KRASNODAR REGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.G. Tumanian ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Head Rice ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

An increase in the doses of nitrogen fertilizers applied during the cultivation of new rice varieties Nautilus and Yakhont in the old-deltoid and valley agrolandscape zones led to significant changes in grain quality traits. The grain size of the varieties grown in the Krasnoarsmeysky district did not change due to the level of nitrogen fertilizers, for those grown in the Abinsky district, decreased by 0.3 g in variety Nautilus and increased in variety Yakhont with increased dose of applied nitrogen. The vitreousity of grain increased in Nautilus in the Krasnoarmeysky district by 2%, in Abinsky - by 7%; in the variety Yakhont - increased by 2% and practically did not change, respectively. A tendency toward a decrease in grain fracture in the Krasnoarmeysky district and an increase in head rice content in the variety Nautilus in the Krasnoarmeysky and Abinsky districts was noted.

CHARACTERISTICS OF MILLING YIELD OF RICE VARIETIES OF RUSSIAN BREEDING GROWN IN VARIOUS CONDITIONS OF NITROGEN NUTRITION IN THE ABINSKIY DISTRICT OF THE KRASNODAR REGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.Y. Papulova ◽  
◽  
K.K Olkhovaya
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Head Rice ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Milling Yield ◽  
Different Doses

The work shows that application of increased doses of nitrogen does not significantly affect the total milling yield and affects the head rice content. The ambiguous nature of the variability of the grain quality of rice varieties under conditions of different doses of nitrogen fertilizers confirms the need for further studies of the varietal reaction to the level of nitrogen nutrition, based on it - the development of rice cultivation technology modes in order to obtain rice yield with high grain quality.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical characteristics and productivity of tomato plants in function of nitrogen sources and doses

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Silva Assunção ◽  
Natalia Oliveira Silva ◽  
Flávio Lemes Fernandes ◽  
Leonardo Angelo de Aquino ◽  
Maria Elisa De Sena Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Tomato Plants

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen sources and rates on the physicochemical characteristics and yield of tomato plants. Forty hybrids were cultivated at 100 and 400 kg ha-1 of N, combined with four sources (urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and calcium), plus a treatment without N application in a randomized complete block design four replicates. Size, stem diameter, number of leaves, SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development), leaf nitrogen, number of fruits / plants, fruit firmness, bark thickness and average fruit size, ° BRIX, pH, calcium, potassium and sodium in fruits. There was an increase in SPAD index, Brix and longitudinal diameter of fruits as a function of the N dose. The use of ammonium nitrate and calcium provided stronger fruits. Urea and ammonium nitrate provided the highest pH value in tomato fruits. The application of the 100 kg ha-1 dose of N resulted in the highest potassium content in fruits. The highest productivity was obtained with the application of sources containing ammonium and the lowest in the control treatment. Sources and doses of nitrogen fertilizers influenced growth, productivity and parameters related to tomato quality.  

Response of Growth Inhibitor Paclobutrazol in Fruit Crops

Prunus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naira Ashraf ◽  
Moieza Ashraf
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Apical Buds ◽  
Return Bloom ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Colour Development ◽  
Harvest Maturity ◽  
And Control

Paclobutrazol (PBZ; IUPAC name: (2RS, 3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4, 4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1, 2, 4-triazol-1-yl) pentan-3-ol) is a triazol derivative and an antagonist of gibberellins. It has been shown to inhibit shoot growth in various perennial fruit trees. Paclobutrazol application reduced the number of shoots, transforming trees into a more desirable, spur-type growth habit as the vegetative sink was reduced. This compound induces an early and intense flowering, diminishing vegetative growth and reducing the extension of buds, allowing for ripening and the initiation of apical buds inflorescence. Besides, it also increases fruit set, the years following application as a carryover effect. An increase in return bloom is a common response to paclobutrazol treatment and has been reported for various fruit crops. Paclobutrazol is widely used to advance harvest maturity in various fruit crops and it improves fruit quality in terms of accelerated colour development, delayed and synchronized fruit maturation and control of preharvest fruit drop. It is known to improve fruit physical and fruit chemical characteristics. Fruit calcium is increased for 2–3 years due to carry over effect. It helps in the maintenance of better fruit quality during storage and influences nutrient uptake in various fruit crops including stone fruits. It has been characterized as an environmentally stable compound in soil and water environments with a long half-life under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

Effects of postharvest topping, autumn cincturing, and paclobutrazol on growth, yield, and fruit quality of the low chill nectarine cv. Sundowner in subtropical Australia

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
AP George ◽  
RJ Nissen ◽  
T Rassmussen
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Subtropical Australia

Combinations of 3 methods of controlling tree size (use of the growth retardant paclobutrazol, postharvest topping, and autumn cincturing) were evaluated for their effects on growth, yield, and fruit quality of the low chill nectarine cv. Sundowner in subtropical Australia. Compared with controls over 3 seasons, paclobutrazol used alone reduced tree size by 34-52%, with further reductions when combined with light and severe postharvest topping (by 5-25 and 58-71%, respectively). Yield efficiency (as measured by yield per unit canopy volume) was significantly improved by paclobutrazol and was doubled when paclobutrazol was combined with severe postharvest topping. Although this combination reduced time associated with pruning, thinning, and harvesting, it had the disadvantage of delaying flowering and, consequently, fruit maturity in the subsequent harvest season. Light postharvest topping and autumn cincturing used with paclobutrazol had little effect on yield efficiency, fruit quality, or harvest period. The seasonal pattern of starch reserves for twigs was similar for all treatments, with starch levels falling to a minimum during the early harvest period. Measurements of starch in the major tree organs showed that at very low harvest increments (<10) there was little or no depletion of starch from the twigs and leaves, but as harvest increments increased (range 10-40), there was increasing starch depletion, in order of priority, from the roots, trunks, and limbs.

The effect of fertilizers and season on the yield and composition of wheat in southern New South Wales

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Colwell
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Common Application

Twenty two fertilizer experiments with wheat were carried out over a wide range of soil and environmental seasonal conditions in southern N.S. W. The effects of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers on the yield and composition of wheat are described. Seasonal environmental effects were examined by comparing the relative response to fertilizers of vegetative growth in the early spring with the final response of the harvested grain. Grain yield response to fertilizers is commonly restricted by seasonal conditions. Overcorrection of the phosphorus or nitrogen deficiencies may cause excessive early vegetative growth which exhausts soil moisture reserves before grain development has been completed. Loss of grain yields through this phenomenon is described locally as haying off. The chief danger in this respect seems to be from excessive nitrogen levels in the soil following a clover pasture. Assessments of economically desirable fertilizer applications on the basis of field experiments can only be based on statistical averages of seasonal conditions in each locality. The trials indicate, however, that the common application rate of superphosphate to wheat is inadequate in this region and should be at least doubled.

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