Comparison of small-scale and large-scale extensibility of dough produced from wheat flour

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulay Mann ◽  
Helen Allen ◽  
Matthew K. Morell ◽  
Zena Nath ◽  
Peter Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Dough Strength ◽  
Large Scale Testing ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Commercial Breeding ◽  
Haploid Population

Extensibility and dough strength are key traits for varietal selection in most wheat-breeding programs. As there are several techniques for measuring these traits there is interest in examining the agreement between methods in terms of genotypic (varietal) rankings. We investigated this issue using 2 different extension methods; namely, small-scale (modified Kieffer) and large-scale (Brabender Extensograph) methods. Data were obtained from a doubled-haploid population (190 lines) from a Chara (high extensibility, excellent dough strength) × WW2449 (low extensibility, poor dough strength) cross that was grown in a field trial at the Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute (WWAI) in 2000. Six extensional rheological traits were measured and compared according to a multivariate mixed statistical model. The estimated genetic correlation matrix for 4 of the 6 extensibility traits (R_Max, area, height, and resistance at 5 cm extension) revealed that for these dough strength related parameters, both methods were measuring equivalent traits. Comparisons of the extensibility traits length and extensibility at Rmax demonstrated that, although substantial amounts of the variance are controlled by the same glutenin loci, the traits differed in the allocation of variance across the loci, and the sources and magnitude of non-genetic variance. The data verified that small-scale testing is a robust and efficient alternative to large-scale testing for both commercial breeding and research.

F3 response to F2 selection for quality and its effect on F3 yield distribution

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
L O'Brien ◽  
JF Panozzo ◽  
JA Ronalds
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Dough Strength ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Yield Distribution ◽  
Flour Protein ◽  
Sedimentation Volume

Seed of F2 single plant selections from two crosses was evaluated using a number of small-scale quality tests.F2 quality test values were significantly correlated with farinograph and extensograph properties in the F3, but no one test was correlated with all of the physical dough measures. The Pelshenke time and the proportion of residue protein were the small-scale measures most consistently correlated with dough strength (farinograph dough breakdown and extensograph maximum resistance) in the F3 and between the F2 and F3 generations.Applications of independent culling in the F2 for each test did not alter the subsequent nature of the F3 yield distribution except for flour protein content and Zeleny volume, where there was a preferential loss of lines from the higher yielding end. This resulted from the negative correlations between flour protein content and yield, both within the F3 (r=-0.66**) and between the F2 and F3 (r= -0-44**). The negative relationship between grain yield and Zeleny volume was due to the effect of protein content on Zeleny volume.Application of quality testing regimes that estimated grain hardness, protein content and dough strength in the F2 did not adversely affect the nature of the F3 yield distribution, yet permitted up to 71% of the population to be removed because of unsatisfactory balance of quality attributes. These results have considerable implications for the planning of wheat breeding programmes.Additional keywords: Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation volume, Zeleny sedimentation volume, Pelshenke wheatmeal fermentation time, residue protein content.

Localisation of quantitative trait loci for quality attributes in a doubled haploid population of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Genome ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 701-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Raman ◽  
H. Allen ◽  
S. Diffey ◽  
H. Raman ◽  
P. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Dough Strength ◽  
Haploid Population ◽  
Dough Extensibility ◽  
Dough Development Time

Selection of wheat germplasm for a range of quality traits has been a challenging exercise because of the cost of testing, the variation within testing data, and a poor understanding of the underlying genetics. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying quality traits in wheat. A doubled haploid population comprising 190 lines from Chara/WW2449 was grown in two different environments and evaluated for various quality traits. A molecular map comprising 362 markers based upon simple sequence repeat, sequence tagged microsatellite, glutenin, and DArT loci was constructed and subsequently exploited to identify QTLs using a whole-genome approach. Fifteen QTLs that were consistent in the two different environments were identified for thousand kernel mass, grain protein content, milling yield, flour protein content, flour colour, flour water absorption, dough development time, dough strength (extensograph height and resistance at 5 cm), and dough extensibility (extensograph length) using the whole genome average interval mapping approach. The amount of genetic variation explained by individual QTLs ranged from 3% to 49%. A number of QTLs associated with dough strength, dough extensibility, dough development time, and flour water absorption were located close to the glutenin Glu-B1 locus on chromosome 1B. Identification of the chromosomal location and effect of the QTLs influencing wheat quality may hasten the development of superior wheats for target markets via marker-assisted selection.

Flour proteins linked to quality traits in an Australian doubled haploid wheat population

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Cornish ◽  
F. Békés ◽  
H. M. Allen ◽  
D. J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Dough Rheology ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Dough Strength ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Wheat Population ◽  
A Minor

The Cranbrook/Halberd doubled haploid population has provided a unique opportunity to examine in detail the contributions made by a number of different high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) glutenin alleles to the dough properties in a set of homogeneous lines of wheat. A range of different instruments was employed, including Farinograph, Extensograph, Do-Corder, Resistograph, and GRL/EasyMix, to study the dough rheology of the lines from 3 sites over 2 years. Correlation studies showed that 2 basic parameters (dough strength and extensibility) were measured by these different instruments. The results presented are mainly from the Extensograph, which is a major Australian standard for determining release and marketing classification of Australian wheats. Approaches to investigate the data include bulk segregant analysis, distribution of protein alleles in the population, and multiple linear regression. As expected, the HMW glutenin alleles made a major contribution to dough strength, with a minor, but not insignificant, contribution from the LMW glutenin alleles. From a knowledge of their glutenin alleles, a glutenin strength score (GSS) was devised to allow breeders to rank the dough strength of various lines. The GSS scoring system is based on both HMW and LMW glutenin alleles, adding to a total out of 10. Extensibility, on the other hand, was predominantly influenced by protein levels in the flour and environmental conditions such as site and season. However, the LMW glutenin alleles make a significant genetic contribution to the extensibility, which can be assessed by using a glutenin extensibility score. These two glutenin quality scores currently include only the alleles present in the parents, Cranbrook and Halberd, but this could be expanded to include a wider range of alleles by analysis of the quality data from other doubled haploid populations. These quality scores would then be an extremely useful tool for assessing the potential quality of parental and early generation germplasm in wheat breeding programs, by a knowledge of the allelic composition of their HMW and LMW glutenins.

scholarly journals Testing & Opening in Augustusburg A Success Story?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Diederichs ◽  
Timo Friedel Mitze ◽  
Felix Schulz ◽  
Klaus Waelde
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
County Level ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Large Scale Testing ◽  
The City ◽  
Better Than

The city of Augustusburg allowed for opening of, inter alia, restaurants and hotels joint with large-scale testing. We evaluate this testing & opening (T&O) experiment by comparing the evolution of case rates in Augustusburg with the evolution in other communities of Saxony. We have access to small-scale SARS-CoV-2 infection data at the community level (Gemeinde) instead of the county level (Landkreis) usually used for disease surveillance. Despite data challenges, we conclude that T&O did not lead to any increase in case rates in Augustusburg compared to its control county. When we measure the effect of T&O on cumulative cases, we find a small increase in Augustusburg. This difference almost completely disappears when we control for the effect of higher case rates due to more testing. Generally speaking, T&O worked much better than in comparable projects elsewhere.

GENETIC VARIANCE COMPONENTS IN CULTIVATED STRAWBERRY

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Watkins ◽  
L. P. S. Spangelo ◽  
A. T. Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Variance Components ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Total Genetic Variance ◽  
Large Scale Testing

Two methods of determining the relative importance of the additive, dominance and epistatic components of genetic variance indicated that the nonadditive variance (most of which was shown to be epistatic) constituted approximately 50% of the total genetic variance for 20 commercial characteristics of the cultivated strawberry. With nonadditive, particularly epistatic, variance being so important, genetic progress may best be achieved by a two-step breeding procedure involving small scale testing of all the progenies followed by large scale testing of the best progenies. Breeding procedures involving such methods as reciprocal recurrent selection, inbreeding and backcrossing would be more efficient as a means of generating special types of parents for such a program than they would be as isolated breeding procedures.

scholarly journals The Implementation of Student Worksheets (LKM) on Relations and Functions through Website-based guided-inquiry approach student worksheet

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-174
Author(s):  
Netriwati Netriwati ◽  
Busmayaril Busmayaril
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Guided Inquiry ◽  
Inquiry Approach ◽  
Learning Mathematics ◽  
Large Scale Testing ◽  
Motivation And Learning

Student Worksheet is a learning media that can be used as a guide for students and lecturers in the teaching and learning process. The developed product of this research is a website-based guided-inquiry approach student worksheet. The purpose of this study is to improve students’ learning outcomes and motivation in learning mathematics. This research employed the pre-experimental method with one-group pretest-posttest design. The small-scale testing obtained an average score of 3.1 which is included in the interesting category. The large-scale testing obtained an average score of 3.26 which is included in the very interesting category. The website-based guided-inquiry approach student worksheet obtained an average score of 0.48 which is included in the medium category for its effectiveness. It can be concluded that the website-based guided-inquiry approach student worksheet is feasible and very interesting to be used in increasing student motivation and learning outcomes for better learning in Basic Mathematics course.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Buku Ajar Penanganan dan Terapi Cedera Olahraga

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Rahmat Sanusi ◽  
Fadli Surahman ◽  
Hilda Oktri Yeni
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Expert Judgment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Text Book ◽  
Data Analysis Technique ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Large Scale Testing

The aim of this research is generating a text book of treatment dan injuries therapy in sports for students of physical education and recreation program at Karimun University. The study is a research of developing that refers to Borg and Gall desain that involving four validators, those are lecture as user, therapist, masseur dan media expert. Small-scale testing involves 10 students and large-scale testing involves 30 students. The data collecting in this research uses the implementation test and expert judgment by using questionnaire sheet and competition test with data analysis technique using descriptive analysis. The results of research that obtained based on validator assessment that is user lecturer, therapist, masseur, and media expert, are in “Good” category. The result of usage assessment and competition test from students shows in “Good” category. Based on this data, it can be conlcuded that the developing of text book of treatment and  injuries therapy in sports is feasible and effective to be used.

Use of Engineered Materials to Reduce Both Strainer Head Loss and Fiber Bypass for Emergency Core Cooling Systems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Bilanin ◽  
Andrew E. Kaufman ◽  
Warren J. Bilanin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Head Loss ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Large Scale Testing ◽  
Engineered Materials ◽  
Water Reactors ◽  
Core Cooling

Abstract Testing has shown that the use of engineered materials that can be combined with Loss of Cooling Accident generated debris has the ability to reduce debris head loss for boiling water and pressurized water reactors on Emergency Core Cooling System strainers. This engineered material has also been shown to reduce the amount of fiber that penetrates a strainer and continues downstream toward the fuel. Large scale testing is described that demonstrates that engineered materials can reach the strainers and reduce head loss. Small scale testing is described that demonstrates that engineered material can reduce the amount of fiber that can penetrate a strainer.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Wireless Phosphine Sensors for Monitoring Fumigation Gas in Wheat Stored in Farm Bins

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Brabec ◽  
James Campbell ◽  
Frank Arthur ◽  
Mark Casada ◽  
Dennis Tilley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Insect Control ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wireless Devices ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Large Scale Testing ◽  
Large Scale Tests ◽  
Grain Bins ◽  
Detailed Picture

Fumigation of grain bins with phosphine tablets is one method of insect control for stored products. Monitoring the concentration of the toxic gas at many locations over several days for a given structure or container can be challenging. In this study, a commercially-available system that wirelessly measures phosphine was evaluated in small-scale and large-scale tests. Small-scale testing was performed to study the repeatability and accuracy of the sensors. The wireless sensors were within 30 ppm of each other, over a range of 700 ppm phosphine. Large-scale testing evaluated the system during the fumigation of wheat stored in 7 m diameter, 120 metric ton, steel grain bins. As a reference, monitoring lines were distributed at several positions and depths in the bin in order to sample phosphine gas concentrations. A series of three fumigation trials were performed, with each lasting for over six days. The wireless devices collected local phosphine concentrations and temperatures every two hours without assistance from personnel. Although the fumigation trials were significantly different in terms of patterns in gas concentration over time, the two sampling methods gave similar trendlines. However, the automated data provided a more detailed picture of the fumigation process. This information may help fumigation managers to better evaluate fumigations and assure successful insect control.

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