Flour proteins linked to quality traits in an Australian doubled haploid wheat population

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Cornish ◽  
F. Békés ◽  
H. M. Allen ◽  
D. J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Dough Rheology ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Dough Strength ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Wheat Population ◽  
A Minor

The Cranbrook/Halberd doubled haploid population has provided a unique opportunity to examine in detail the contributions made by a number of different high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) glutenin alleles to the dough properties in a set of homogeneous lines of wheat. A range of different instruments was employed, including Farinograph, Extensograph, Do-Corder, Resistograph, and GRL/EasyMix, to study the dough rheology of the lines from 3 sites over 2 years. Correlation studies showed that 2 basic parameters (dough strength and extensibility) were measured by these different instruments. The results presented are mainly from the Extensograph, which is a major Australian standard for determining release and marketing classification of Australian wheats. Approaches to investigate the data include bulk segregant analysis, distribution of protein alleles in the population, and multiple linear regression. As expected, the HMW glutenin alleles made a major contribution to dough strength, with a minor, but not insignificant, contribution from the LMW glutenin alleles. From a knowledge of their glutenin alleles, a glutenin strength score (GSS) was devised to allow breeders to rank the dough strength of various lines. The GSS scoring system is based on both HMW and LMW glutenin alleles, adding to a total out of 10. Extensibility, on the other hand, was predominantly influenced by protein levels in the flour and environmental conditions such as site and season. However, the LMW glutenin alleles make a significant genetic contribution to the extensibility, which can be assessed by using a glutenin extensibility score. These two glutenin quality scores currently include only the alleles present in the parents, Cranbrook and Halberd, but this could be expanded to include a wider range of alleles by analysis of the quality data from other doubled haploid populations. These quality scores would then be an extremely useful tool for assessing the potential quality of parental and early generation germplasm in wheat breeding programs, by a knowledge of the allelic composition of their HMW and LMW glutenins.

Estimation and utilisation of glutenin gene effects from the analysis of unbalanced data from wheat breeding programs

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Eagles ◽  
G. J. Hollamby ◽  
N. N. Gororo ◽  
R. F. Eastwood
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Dough Rheology ◽  
Unbalanced Data ◽  
Dough Strength ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Multiple Alleles

Glutenins are a major determinant of dough characteristics in wheat. These proteins are determined by genes at 6 loci (Glu genes), with multiple alleles present in most breeding programs. This study was conducted to determine whether estimates of allele effects for the important dough rheological characters, maximum dough resistance (Rmax) and dough extensibility, could be determined from aggregated data from southern Australian wheat breeding programs using statistical techniques appropriate for unbalanced data. From a 2-stage analysis of 3226 samples of 1926 cultivars and breeding lines, estimates of Rmax and extensibility effects were obtained, first for the lines, and then for 31 glutenin alleles. Glutenin genes did not determine flour protein concentration, and this character was used as a covariate. Rankings of the estimates of Rmax for the alleles were similar to the relative scores for dough strength reported from previous studies, providing strong evidence that the analysis of a large, unbalanced data set from applied wheat breeding programs can provide reliable estimates. All 2-way interactions between loci were present for 18 of the alleles. Analyses including interactions showed that epistasis was important for both Rmax and extensibility, especially between the Glu-B1 locus coding for high molecular weight glutenins and the Glu-A3 and Glu-B3 loci coding for low molecular weight glutenins. Because of the complexity of these interactions, similar values of Rmax and extensibility were predicted for diverse combinations of alleles. This implied that the practical application of glutenin genes in applied wheat breeding would be greatly enhanced by computer software which can predict dough rheology characteristics from glutenin allele classifications.

scholarly journals Characterization of QTL and eQTL controlling early Fusarium graminearum infection and deoxynivalenol levels in a Wuhan 1 x Nyubai doubled haploid wheat population

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
François Fauteux ◽  
Yunli Wang ◽  
Hélène Rocheleau ◽  
Ziying Liu ◽  
Youlian Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Wheat Population ◽  
Fhb Resistance ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Abstract Background Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a major disease of cereal crops, caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum and related species. Breeding wheat for FHB resistance contributes to increase yields and grain quality and to reduce the use of fungicides. The identification of genes and markers for FHB resistance in different wheat genotypes has nevertheless proven challenging. Results In this study, early infection by F. graminearum was analyzed in a doubled haploid population derived from the cross of the moderately resistant wheat genotypes Wuhan 1 and Nyubai. Three quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified: 1AL was associated with lower deoxynivalenol content, and 4BS and 5A were associated with reduced F. graminearum infection at 2 days post inoculation. Early resistance alleles were inherited from Wuhan 1 for QTL 1AL and 4BS and inherited from Nyubai for the 5A QTL. Cis and trans expression QTL (eQTL) were identified using RNA-seq data from infected head samples. Hotspots for trans eQTL were identified in the vicinity of the 1AL and 4BS QTL peaks. Among differentially expressed genes with cis eQTL within the QTL support intervals, nine genes had higher expression associated with FHB early resistance, and four genes had higher expression associated with FHB early susceptibility. Conclusions Our analysis of genotype and gene expression data of wheat infected by F. graminearum identified three QTL associated with FHB early resistance, and linked genes with eQTL and differential expression patterns to those QTL. These findings may have applications in breeding wheat for early resistance to FHB.

Genetics of late maturity α-amylase in a doubled haploid wheat population

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Tan ◽  
A. P. Verbyla ◽  
B. R. Cullis ◽  
P. Martin ◽  
A. W. Milgate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Wheat Population ◽  
B1 Gene ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
First Time

Late maturity α-amylase (LMA) in wheat is a defect where high-isoelectric point (pI) α-amylase accumulates in the ripening grain. Wheat genotypes vary in expression from zero to high levels of α-amylase, the latter with detrimental consequences on their use for value-added end products. Expression in each genotype is characterised by varying numbers of grains affected and different levels in each grain. Analysis of a doubled haploid (DH) population (188 lines) from WW1842 × Whistler has identified significant QTL on chromosomes 2DL, 3A, 3B, 3D, 4B, 4D, 5DS and 5BL. The 4B LMA allele (P < 0.0001) from Whistler is closely linked to the QTL for the ‘tall’ allele (P < 0.0001) of the Rht-B1 gene. The 4D LMA QTL (P < 0.0001) in WW1842 co-locates with the QTL for the ‘tall’ allele (P < 0.0001) of the Rht-D1 gene. This study has shown for the first time that a DH cross between two semi-dwarf cultivars with low or no LMA produces ~25% of progeny lines of the ‘tall’ genotypes with a high frequency of LMA. This is attributed to the large additive positive effects from the combination of one recessive ‘tall’ Rht-B1 gene and one recessive ‘tall’ Rht-D1 gene. High-yielding semi-dwarf genotypes with different combinations of Rht-B1 and Rht-D1 alleles which have very low or non-existent LMA expression (e.g. WW1842 and Whistler) may meet industry criteria for registration as commercial wheat varieties. However, when they are used as breeding lines, the cross produces some progeny genotypes with severe levels of LMA. These LMA genotypes comprise the gibberellic acid-sensitive ‘tall’ progenies and a very small proportion of semi-dwarfs. Thus, it is of paramount importance to screen the defect in wheat breeding programs. The suite of QTL identified for LMA will enable the use of marker assisted selection in the pyramiding of the beneficial QTL to maximise yield and minimise (or eliminate) LMA in semi-dwarf genotypes.

Localisation of quantitative trait loci for quality attributes in a doubled haploid population of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Genome ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 701-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Raman ◽  
H. Allen ◽  
S. Diffey ◽  
H. Raman ◽  
P. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Dough Strength ◽  
Haploid Population ◽  
Dough Extensibility ◽  
Dough Development Time

Selection of wheat germplasm for a range of quality traits has been a challenging exercise because of the cost of testing, the variation within testing data, and a poor understanding of the underlying genetics. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying quality traits in wheat. A doubled haploid population comprising 190 lines from Chara/WW2449 was grown in two different environments and evaluated for various quality traits. A molecular map comprising 362 markers based upon simple sequence repeat, sequence tagged microsatellite, glutenin, and DArT loci was constructed and subsequently exploited to identify QTLs using a whole-genome approach. Fifteen QTLs that were consistent in the two different environments were identified for thousand kernel mass, grain protein content, milling yield, flour protein content, flour colour, flour water absorption, dough development time, dough strength (extensograph height and resistance at 5 cm), and dough extensibility (extensograph length) using the whole genome average interval mapping approach. The amount of genetic variation explained by individual QTLs ranged from 3% to 49%. A number of QTLs associated with dough strength, dough extensibility, dough development time, and flour water absorption were located close to the glutenin Glu-B1 locus on chromosome 1B. Identification of the chromosomal location and effect of the QTLs influencing wheat quality may hasten the development of superior wheats for target markets via marker-assisted selection.

scholarly journals Grain size and other agronomical traits variation in a winter wheat population of doubled haploid lines

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 1369-1386
Author(s):  
Sorin CIULCA ◽  
Aurel GIURA ◽  
Adriana CIULCA
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Wheat Population ◽  
Dh Lines ◽  
Agronomical Traits

In wheat, the size of the grain, respectively its dimensions as well as degree of filled, are important characteristics on which depends both the weight of the grain and yield of flour, the quality of milling and baking as well as the production capacity of the respective genotype. This paper presents the results obtained by studying for three years, under field condition, 85 doubled haploid (DH) lines obtained from the F1’s of ‘G.603-86’ (large grains genotype) × ‘F.132’ (normal grains genotype) crosses using biotechnological Zea system. The environmental conditions of the three years had an important contribution on the genotype × year interaction, which showed also a higher influence on 1000 kernel weight (TKW). The variability of plant height and ear emergence data was also affected to a similar extent by this interaction. Based on the performed results and analyses, were highlighted lines which show high and stable values of TKW (54-64 g), associated with a plants height of approximately 85-100 cm and an ear emergence from May 11 to 17, under some climatic conditions similar to the period of study. These doubled haploids lines can be considered as promising genotypes for using in wheat breeding programs in order to improve yield performances under temperate continental climate conditions.

Comparison of small-scale and large-scale extensibility of dough produced from wheat flour

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulay Mann ◽  
Helen Allen ◽  
Matthew K. Morell ◽  
Zena Nath ◽  
Peter Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Dough Strength ◽  
Large Scale Testing ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Commercial Breeding ◽  
Haploid Population

Extensibility and dough strength are key traits for varietal selection in most wheat-breeding programs. As there are several techniques for measuring these traits there is interest in examining the agreement between methods in terms of genotypic (varietal) rankings. We investigated this issue using 2 different extension methods; namely, small-scale (modified Kieffer) and large-scale (Brabender Extensograph) methods. Data were obtained from a doubled-haploid population (190 lines) from a Chara (high extensibility, excellent dough strength) × WW2449 (low extensibility, poor dough strength) cross that was grown in a field trial at the Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute (WWAI) in 2000. Six extensional rheological traits were measured and compared according to a multivariate mixed statistical model. The estimated genetic correlation matrix for 4 of the 6 extensibility traits (R_Max, area, height, and resistance at 5 cm extension) revealed that for these dough strength related parameters, both methods were measuring equivalent traits. Comparisons of the extensibility traits length and extensibility at Rmax demonstrated that, although substantial amounts of the variance are controlled by the same glutenin loci, the traits differed in the allocation of variance across the loci, and the sources and magnitude of non-genetic variance. The data verified that small-scale testing is a robust and efficient alternative to large-scale testing for both commercial breeding and research.

scholarly journals Confirmation of QTL mapping and marker validation for partial seedling resistance to crown rot in wheat line '2-49'

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 967 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Y. Collard ◽  
R. Jolley ◽  
W. D. Bovill ◽  
R. A. Grams ◽  
G. B. Wildermuth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Haploid Population ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Partial Crown

We have tested the efficacy of putative microsatellite single sequence repeat (SSR) markers, previously identified in a 2-49 (Gluyas Early/Gala) × Janz doubled haploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) population, as being linked to partial seedling resistance to crown rot disease caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum. The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) delineated by these markers have been tested for linkage to resistance in an independent Gluyas Early × Janz doubled haploid population. The presence of a major QTL on chromosome 1DL (QCr.usq-1D1) and a minor QTL on chromosome 2BS (QCr.usq-2B1) was confirmed. However, a putative minor QTL on chromosome 2A was not confirmed. The QTL on 1D was inherited from Gluyas Early, a direct parent of 2-49, whereas the 2B QTL was inherited from Janz. Three other putative QTLs identified in 2-49 × Janz (on 1AL, 4BL, and 7BS) were inherited by 2-49 from Gala and were not able to be confirmed in this study. The screening of SSR markers on a small sample of elite wheat genotypes indicated that not all of the most tightly linked SSR markers flanking the major QTLs on 1D and 1A were polymorphic in all backgrounds, indicating the need for additional flanking markers when backcrossing into some elite pedigrees. Comparison of SSR haplotypes with those of other genotypes exhibiting partial crown rot resistance suggests that additional, novel sources of crown rot resistance are available.

scholarly journals Novel QTL Associated with Shoot Branching Identified in Doubled Haploid Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Low Nitrogen Cultivation

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 745
Author(s):  
Youngho Kwon ◽  
Nkulu Rolly Kabange ◽  
Ji-Yun Lee ◽  
So-Myeong Lee ◽  
Jin-Kyung Cha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Doubled Haploid Population ◽  
Shoot Branching ◽  
Normal Nitrogen ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Shoot branching is considered as an important trait for the architecture of plants and contributes to their growth and productivity. In cereal crops, such as rice, shoot branching is controlled by many factors, including phytohormones signaling networks, operating either in synergy or antagonizing each other. In rice, shoot branching indicates the ability to produce more tillers that are essential for achieving high productivity and yield potential. In the present study, we evaluated the growth and development, and yield components of a doubled haploid population derived from a cross between 93-11 (P1, indica) and Milyang352 (P2, japonica), grown under normal nitrogen and low nitrogen cultivation open field conditions. The results of the phenotypic evaluation indicated that parental lines 93-11 (P1, a high tillering indica cultivar) and Milyang352 (P2, a low tillering japonica cultivar) showed distinctive phenotypic responses, also reflected in their derived population. In addition, the linkage mapping and quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis detected three QTLs associated with tiller number on chromosome 2 (qTNN2-1, 130 cM, logarithm of the odds (LOD) 4.14, PVE 14.5%; and qTNL2-1, 134 cM, LOD: 6.05, PVE: 20.5%) and chromosome 4 (qTN4-1, 134 cM, LOD 3.92, PVE 14.5%), with qTNL2-1 having the highest phenotypic variation explained, and the only QTL associated with tiller number under low nitrogen cultivation conditions, using Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR (KASP) and Fluidigm markers. The additive effect (1.81) of qTNL2-1 indicates that the allele from 93-11 (P1) contributed to the observed phenotypic variation for tiller number under low nitrogen cultivation. The breakthrough is that the majority of the candidate genes harbored by the QTLs qTNL2-1 and qTNN4-1 (here associated with the control of shoot branching under low and normal nitrogen cultivation, respectively), were also proposed to be involved in plant stress signaling or response mechanisms, with regard to their annotations and previous reports. Therefore, put together, these results would suggest that a possible crosstalk exists between the control of plant growth and development and the stress response in rice.

scholarly journals Utilization of low molecular weight organic compounds by the filterable fraction of a lotic microbiome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia-Ann J Ghuneim ◽  
Marco A Distaso ◽  
Tatyana N Chernikova ◽  
Rafael Bargiela ◽  
Evgenii A Lunev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Freshwater Systems ◽  
North Wales ◽  
Clusters Of Orthologous Groups ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Substrate Addition

Abstract Filterable microorganisms participate in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) cycling in freshwater systems, however their exact functional role remains unknown. We determined taxonomic identity and community dynamics of prokaryotic microbiomes in the 0.22 µm-filtered fraction and unfiltered freshwater from the Conwy River (North Wales, UK) in microcosms and, using targeted metabolomics and 14C-labelling, examined their role in utilization of amino acids, organic acids, and sugars spiked at environmentally-relevant (nanomolar) concentrations. To identify changes in community structure, we used 16S rRNA amplicon and shotgun sequencing. Unlike the unfiltered water samples where the consumption of DOC was rapid, the filtered fraction showed a 3-days lag phase before the consumption started. Analysis of functional categories of clusters of orthologous groups of proteins (COGs) showed COGs associated with energy production increased in numbers in both fractions with substrate addition. The filtered fraction utilized low-molecular-weight (LMW) DOC at much slower rates than the whole community. Addition of nanomolar concentrations of LMW DOC did not measurably influence the composition of the microbial community nor the rate of consumption across all substrate types in either fraction. We conclude that due to their low activity, filterable microorganisms play a minor role in LMW DOC processing within short residence time of lotic freshwater systems.

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