Small-Intestinal Changes Induced by an Elemental Diet (Vivonex) in Normal Rats

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Nelson ◽  
H. A. Carmichael ◽  
R. I. Russell ◽  
F. D. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Elemental Diet ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Disaccharidase Activity ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Small Intestinal

1. Rats were fed with the elemental diet Vivonex for 1 or 3 months and their jejunal histology was compared with that of an equal number of rats fed on a normal diet. 2. After 1 month of Vivonex feeding a significant reduction in the ratio of crypt height: villus height (CH: VH) was found in the Vivonex-fed rats (n = 4) compared with the control rats (n = 4) (P < 0.05). 3. After 3 months the CH:VH ratio was also reduced in the Vivonex-fed rats (n = 18) compared with control rats (n = 18) (P < 0.002). Villus height was significantly increased (P < 0.002) and crypt height decreased (P < 0.05). 4. Jejunal protein content, alkaline phosphatase and disaccharidase activity were also determined in 12 control and 12 Vivonex-fed rats from the 3 months study. 5. Alkaline phosphatase activity was increased from a control value of 201 ± 8 to 243 ± 15 munits/cm in the Vivonex-fed rats (n = 12) (P < 0.05) but no significant changes in lactase, sucrase or maltase activities were found. 6. The observed decrease in the CH:VH ratio suggested an improved survival of the mature enterocyte population during elemental diet feeding.

scholarly journals Alkaline Phosphatase and Disaccharide Activity in Barrett's Columnar Lined Esophagus

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
S.N. Sullivan ◽  
R.J. Darwish ◽  
M. Troster
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Disaccharidase Activity ◽  
Columnar Lined Esophagus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Standard Deviations

Esophageal mucosal biopsies of 15 patients with normal squamous epithelium, 11 with inflamed squamous epithelium and 23 with Barrete's columnar lined esophagus were assayed for alkaline phosphatase and disaccharidase activity. Seven of the patients with Barrett's esophagus had alkaline phosphatase activity greater than three standard deviations above the mean of the 15 patients with normal squamous epithelium. Five of these seven also had disaccharidase activity three standard deviations or greater above normal. One patient with esophagitis, but without columnar epithelium, had a small increase in alkaline phosphatase and disaccharidase activity. The production of biochemical markers of small intestinal structure may he another indicator of the pluripotential nature of Barrett's epithelium.

scholarly journals Increase in alkaline phosphatase activity in calvaria cells cultured with diphosphonates

1979 ◽  
Vol 183 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Felix ◽  
H Fleisch
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Heat Inactivation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Km Value ◽  
Inhibitor Of Protein Synthesis

1. Dichloromethanediphosphonate and to a lesser degree 1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate, two compounds characterized by a P-C-P bond, increased the alkaline phosphatase activity of cultured rat calvaria cells up to 30 times in a dose-dependent fashion. 2. Both diphosphonates also slightly inhibited the protein synthesis in these cells. 3. Thymidine, an inhibitor of cell division, did not inhibit the induction of the enzyme, indicating that the increase in enzyme activity was not due to the formation of a specific population of cells with high alkaline phosphatase activity. 4. The effect on alkaline phosphatase was suppressed by the addition of cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. 5. After subculturing the stimulated cells in medium without diphosphonates, the enzyme activity fell almost to the control value. 6. Bovine parathyrin diminished the enzyme activity of the control cells and the cells treated with dichloromethanediphosphonate; however, at high concentration the effect of parathyrin was greater on the diphosphonate-treated cells than on the control cells. 7. The electrophoretic behaviour, heat inactivation, inhibition by bromotetramisole or by phenylalanine, and the Km value of the induced enzyme were identical with that of the control enzyme.

scholarly journals Effect of chloretracycline and albendazole on alkaline phosphatase activity of carp gill (Cyprinus carpio L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-261
Author(s):  
I. Kurbatova ◽  
M. Zakharenko ◽  
O. Yaremchuk
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Fish Exposure ◽  
Experimental Group

The effect of the antibiotic chlortetracycline and the anthelmintic albendazole on morphological features, internal organs, alkaline phosphatase activity and protein content in the gills of two-year-old carp was studied. It was found that chlortetracycline and albendazole at the studied concentrations in water and short-term action do not affect the morphological features, behavior and internal organs, but change the alkaline phosphatase activity of the gills of two-year-old carp. The antibiotic chlortetracycline at concentrations of 1.10, 3.15, and 6.30 mg/dm3 of water and fish exposure for 72 h reduced the alkaline phosphatase activity of gills in carp of the first experimental group by 2.5 times, in the second – by 2.8 times and in the third – by 2.7 times regard the control; it did not affect the protein content in the gills, morphological features and internal organs of fish. We registered an increase in alkaline phosphatase activity of gills in two-year-old carp under effect of anthelmintic albendazole at at the concentration of 1.0 mg/dm3 by 28.2%, while albendazole concentration of 0.2 and 0.5 mg/dm3 did not affect the alkaline phosphatase activity as well as the level of protein in fish body. Our results indicate an important role of gill alkaline phosphatase in assessing the negative effects of antibiotics and water anthelmintics in freshwater fish.

scholarly journals Forms of selenium in vitamin-mineral mixes differentially affect serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and serum albumin and blood urea nitrogen concentrations, of steers grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 2569-2582
Author(s):  
Yang Jia ◽  
Kwangwon Son ◽  
Walter R Burris ◽  
Phillip J Bridges ◽  
James C Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Fescue Toxicosis ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Activity

Abstract The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that sodium selenite (ISe), SEL-PLEX (OSe), vs. a 1:1 blend (MIX) of ISe and OSe in a basal vitamin-mineral mix would differentially affect serological and hepatic parameters of growing steers grazing toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue-mixed forage pasture. Predominately Angus steers (BW = 183 ± 34 kg) were randomly selected from herds of fall-calving cows grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue-mixed pasture and consuming vitamin-mineral mixes that contained 35 ppm Se as ISe, OSe, and MIX forms. Steers were weaned, depleted of Se for 98 d, and subjected to summer-long common grazing of an endophyte-infected tall fescue-mixed pasture (0.51 ppm total ergovaline + ergovalinine; 10.1 ha). Steers were assigned (n = 8 per treatment) to the same Se form treatments upon which they were raised. Se treatments were administered by daily top-dressing 85 g of vitamin-mineral mix onto 0.23 kg soyhulls, using in-pasture Calan gates. The PROC MIXED procedure of SAS was used to assess the effect of Se form treatments on serum parameters at day 0, 22, 43, 64, and 86. After slaughter, the effect of Se treatment on hepatic alkaline phosphatase (tissue nonspecific isoform, TNALP) mRNA, protein, and albumin protein content was assessed using the PROC GLM procedure of SAS. Fisher’s protected LSD procedure was used to separate treatment means. Partial correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship among whole blood Se concentration and serum parameters, accounting for the effect of time. Across periods, MIX steers had more (P ≤ 0.04) serum albumin than OSe and ISe steers, respectively. However, the relative hepatic bovine serum albumin protein content was not affected (P = 0.28) by Se treatments. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was greater (P ≤ 0.01) in MIX and OSe steers. Similarly, hepatic TNALP protein content in MIX steers was greater (P = 0.01) than ISe steers. Partial correlation analysis revealed that serum albumin, blood urea nitrogen, and alkaline phosphatase activity were correlated (r ≥ 0.23, P ≤ 0.02) with whole blood Se concentration. In summary, consumption of 3 mg Se/d as OSe or MIX forms of Se in vitamin-mineral mixes increased serum albumin concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity, the reduction of which is associated with fescue toxicosis. We conclude that the organic forms of Se ameliorated the depression of 2 of known serological biomarkers of fescue toxicosis.

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