Prevention of dicarbonyl-mediated advanced glycation by glyoxalases: implication in skin aging

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 518-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Radjei ◽  
Bertrand Friguet ◽  
Carine Nizard ◽  
Isabelle Petropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Glyoxalase System ◽  
Chronological Aging ◽  
Glyoxalase Ii ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Glucose Derivatives

Skin aging is the result of intrinsic chronological aging and photoaging, due to UV exposure, that both share important histological modifications and molecular features, including alterations of proteins. One of the main damage is glycation that occurs when reducing sugars react non-enzymatically with proteins. This reaction also happens when the dicarbonyl compounds GO (glyoxal) and MG (methylglyoxal), which are glucose derivatives, react with proteins. These compounds can be detoxified by the glyoxalase system composed of two enzymes, Glo1 (glyoxalase I) and Glo2 (glyoxalase II). The aims of the present mini-review are to briefly summarize our current knowledge of the biological roles of these enzymes in aging and then discuss the relevance of studying the role of glycation and of detoxifying systems in human skin aging.

scholarly journals Diet and Skin Aging—From the Perspective of Food Nutrition

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changwei Cao ◽  
Zhichao Xiao ◽  
Yinglong Wu ◽  
Changrong Ge
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
The Body ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Healthy Skin ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Chronological Aging ◽  
Complex Biological Process ◽  
Food And Nutrition

We regularly face primary challenges in deciding what to eat to maintain young and healthy skin, defining a healthy diet and the role of diet in aging. The topic that currently attracts maximum attention is ways to maintain healthy skin and delay skin aging. Skin is the primary barrier that protects the body from external aggressions. Skin aging is a complex biological process, categorized as chronological aging and photo-aging, and is affected by internal factors and external factors. With the rapid breakthrough of medicine in prolonging human life and the rapid deterioration of environmental conditions, it has become urgent to find safe and effective methods to treat skin aging. For diet, as the main way for the body to obtain energy and nutrients, people have gradually realized its importance to the skin. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the skin structure, aging manifestations, and possible mechanisms, summarize the research progress, challenges, possible directions of diet management, and effects of foodborne antioxidants on skin aging from the perspective of food and nutrition.

scholarly journals Role of PGE-2 and Other Inflammatory Mediators in Skin Aging and Their Inhibition by Topical Natural Anti-Inflammatories

Cosmetics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Dermal Matrix ◽  
Chronological Aging ◽  
And Function

Human skin aging is due to two types of aging processes, “intrinsic” (chronological) aging and “extrinsic” (external factor mediated) aging. While inflammatory events, triggered mainly by sun exposure, but also by pollutants, smoking and stress, are the principle cause of rapid extrinsic aging, inflammation also plays a key role in intrinsic aging. Inflammatory events in the skin lead to a reduction in collagen gene activity but an increase in activity of the genes for matrix metalloproteinases. Inflammation also alters proliferation rates of cells in all skin layers, causes thinning of the epidermis, a flattening of the dermo-epidermal junction, an increase in irregular pigment production, and, finally, an increased incidence of skin cancer. While a large number of inflammatory mediators, including IL-1, TNF-alpha and PGE-2, are responsible for many of these damaging effects, this review will focus primarily on the role of PGE-2 in aging. Levels of this hormone-like mediator increase quickly when skin is exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR), causing changes in genes needed for normal skin structure and function. Further, PGE-2 levels in the skin gradually increase with age, regardless of whether or not the skin is protected from UVR, and this smoldering inflammation causes continuous damage to the dermal matrix. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, PGE-2 is strongly linked to skin cancer. This review will focus on: (1) the role of inflammation, and particularly the role of PGE-2, in accelerating skin aging, and (2) current research on natural compounds that inhibit PGE-2 production and how these can be developed into topical products to retard or even reverse the aging process, and to prevent skin cancer.

scholarly journals Glyoxalase System in the Progression of Skin Aging and Skin Malignancies

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 310
Author(s):  
Silvia Yumnam ◽  
Lalita Subedi ◽  
Sun Yeou Kim
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
The Body ◽  
Glyoxalase I ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Glyoxalase System ◽  
Skin Abnormalities ◽  
Anticancer Drug Development

Dicarbonyl compounds, including methylglyoxal (MGO) and glyoxal (GO), are mainly formed as byproducts of glucose metabolism. The main glyoxalase system consists of glyoxalase I and II (Glo1 and Glo2) and is the main enzyme involved in the detoxification of dicarbonyl stress, which occurs as an accumulation of MGO or GO due to decreased activity or expression of Glo1. Dicarbonyl stress is a major cause of cellular and tissue dysfunction that causes various health issues, including diabetes, aging, and cancer. The skin is the largest organ in the body. In this review, we discuss the role of the glyoxalase system in the progression of skin aging, and more importantly, skin malignancies. We also discuss the future prospects of the glyoxalase system in other skin abnormalities such as psoriasis and vitiligo, including hyperpigmentation. Finally, in the present review, we suggest the role of glyoxalase in the progression of skin aging and glyoxalase system as a potential target for anticancer drug development for skin cancer.

scholarly journals Exogenous application of gibberellic acid mitigates drought-induced damage in spring wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moumita ◽  
Jubayer Al Mahmud ◽  
Parimal Kanti Biswas ◽  
Kamrun Nahar ◽  
Masayuki Fujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Glyoxalase System ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Glyoxalase Ii ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Drought stress is a major problem in wheat production but it could be managed by using various exogenous protectants such as gibberellic acid (GA). Although GA is a plant growth hormone, it shows a potential to protect the plant in stress conditions. To investigate the possible role of GA in mitigating drought stress, we treated wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> ‘BARI Gom-21’) seedlings with a GA spray under semihydroponic conditions. In the experiment, the combined effect of GA and drought stress (induced by 12% polyethylene glycol) was studied after 48 h and 72 h. In the absence of exogenous GA, drought-stressed wheat seedlings showed various physiological and biochemical changes in a time-dependent manner. Malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and free proline (Pro) concentrations were increased, whereas catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities were reduced under drought stress. Gibberellic acid played a role in restoring the ascorbate (AsA) level, decreased the reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio and reduced monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activities. Gibberellic acid significantly affected the glyoxalase system. Under drought stress, the methylglyoxal (MG) concentration was increased but GA application stimulated glyoxalase I (Gly I) and glyoxalase II (Gly II) activities to protect the wheat seedlings against stress. The study concluded that the severity of drought stress in wheat depends on the growth stage and it increases with an increase in the duration of stress, whereas exogenous GA helped the seedlings to survive by upregulating antioxidant defense mechanisms and the glyoxalase system.

scholarly journals The Atrial Phenotype of the Inherited Primary Arrhythmia Syndromes

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Conte ◽  
Ulrich Schotten ◽  
Angelo Auricchio
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Atrial Arrhythmias ◽  
The Past ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Cardiac Channelopathy

Over the past two decades, our understanding of inherited primary arrhythmia syndromes has been enriched by studies that have aimed to define the clinical characteristics and the genetic, cellular and molecular features predisposing patients to an enhanced risk of ventricular arrhythmias. In contrast, very little is known about the causative role of inherited cardiac channelopathies on atrial conduction abnormalities possibly leading to different atrial tachyarrhythmias. The diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients with an inherited cardiac channelopathy presenting with atrial arrhythmias remains highly challenging and is in urgent need of improvement. This review will assess the current knowledge on atrial electrical abnormalities affecting patients with different forms of inherited primary arrhythmia syndromes, including long and short QT syndromes, early repolarisation syndrome, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and Brugada syndrome.

scholarly journals Protection of Polyphenols against Glyco-Oxidative Stress: Involvement of Glyoxalase Pathway

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Cianfruglia ◽  
Camilla Morresi ◽  
Tiziana Bacchetti ◽  
Tatiana Armeni ◽  
Gianna Ferretti
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Glyoxalase System ◽  
Oxidation Stress ◽  
Glyoxalase Ii ◽  
Reactive Carbonyl Species ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Harmful Effects

Chronic high glucose (HG) exposure increases methylglyoxal (MGO)-derived advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and is involved in the onset of pathological conditions, such as diabetes, atherosclerosis and chronic-degenerative diseases. Under physiologic conditions the harmful effects of MGO are contrasted by glyoxalase system that is implicated in the detoxification of Reactive Carbonyl Species (RCS) and maintain the homeostasis of the redox environment of the cell. Polyphenols are the most abundant antioxidants in the diet and present various health benefits. Aims of the study were to investigate the effects of HG-chronic exposure on glyco-oxidation and glyoxalase system in intestinal cells, using CaCo-2 cells. Moreover, we studied the effect of apple polyphenols on glyco-oxidative stress. Our data demonstrated that HG-treatment triggers glyco-oxidation stress with a significant increase in intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, AGEs, and increase of Glyoxalase I (GlxI) activity. On the contrary, Glyoxalase II (GlxII) activity was lower in HG-treated cells. We demonstrate that apple polyphenols exert a protective effect against oxidative stress and dicarbonyl stress. The increase of total antioxidant capacity and glutathione (GSH) levels in HG-treated cells in the presence of apple polyphenols was associated with a decrease of GlxI activity.

scholarly journals Galactose-Induced Skin Aging: The Role of Oxidative Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Bauyrzhan Umbayev ◽  
Sholpan Askarova ◽  
Aigul Almabayeva ◽  
Timur Saliev ◽  
Abdul-Razak Masoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Covalent Attachment ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Glycation End Products

Skin aging has been associated with a higher dietary intake of carbohydrates, particularly glucose and galactose. In fact, the carbohydrates are capable of damaging the skin’s vital components through nonenzymatic glycation, the covalent attachment of sugar to a protein, and subsequent production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). This review is focused on the role of D-galactose in the development of skin aging and its relation to oxidative stress. The interest in this problem was dictated by recent findings that used in vitro and in vivo models. The review highlights the recent advances in the underlying molecular mechanisms of D-galactose-mediated cell senescence and cytotoxicity. We have also proposed the possible impact of galactosemia on skin aging and its clinical relevance. The understanding of molecular mechanisms of skin aging mediated by D-galactose can help dermatologists optimize methods for prevention and treatment of skin senescence and aging-related skin diseases.

scholarly journals γδ-Dioxovalerate as a substrate for the glyoxalase enzyme system

1973 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Jerzykowski ◽  
Romana Winter ◽  
Wojciech Matuszewski
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme System ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Glyoxalase I ◽  
Glyoxalase System ◽  
Thiol Ester ◽  
Glyoxalase Ii ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Metabolic Role

1. Crude γδ-dioxovalerate was synthesized from laevulinate by two different methods and was purified by Sephadex chromatography. Some analytical reactions of the compound are described. 2. γδ-Dioxovalerate is a substrate for glyoxalase I and the GSH derivative formed by this enzyme is hydrolysed by glyoxalase II to form d-α-hydroxyglutarate. The Km of glyoxalase I for γδ-dioxovalerate is 1.0×10−3m at pH5.8.3. The u.v.-absorption spectrum of thiol ester, synthesized enzymically from γδ-dioxovalerate and GSH by glyoxalase I, is almost identical with that for S-lactoylglutathione. Some optical properties of this thiol ester were measured. 4. Attempts to show reversibility of the glyoxalase system reactions with d-α-hydroxyglutarate as substrate were unsuccessful. 5. The possible metabolic role of the γδ-dioxovalerate reaction is discussed. It is suggested that one of the metabolic functions of the glyoxalase system may be to provide a mechanism for the entry of this compound into the tricarboxylic acid cycle.

Mesophyll conductance: the leaf corridors for photosynthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Gago ◽  
Danilo M. Daloso ◽  
Marc Carriquí ◽  
Miquel Nadal ◽  
Melanie Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Mesophyll Conductance ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Change Framework ◽  
Chloroplast Stroma

Besides stomata, the photosynthetic CO2 pathway also involves the transport of CO2 from the sub-stomatal air spaces inside to the carboxylation sites in the chloroplast stroma, where Rubisco is located. This pathway is far to be a simple and direct way, formed by series of consecutive barriers that the CO2 should cross to be finally assimilated in photosynthesis, known as the mesophyll conductance (gm). Therefore, the gm reflects the pathway through different air, water and biophysical barriers within the leaf tissues and cell structures. Currently, it is known that gm can impose the same level of limitation (or even higher depending of the conditions) to photosynthesis than the wider known stomata or biochemistry. In this mini-review, we are focused on each of the gm determinants to summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms driving gm from anatomical to metabolic and biochemical perspectives. Special attention deserve the latest studies demonstrating the importance of the molecular mechanisms driving anatomical traits as cell wall and the chloroplast surface exposed to the mesophyll airspaces (Sc/S) that significantly constrain gm. However, even considering these recent discoveries, still is poorly understood the mechanisms about signaling pathways linking the environment a/biotic stressors with gm responses. Thus, considering the main role of gm as a major driver of the CO2 availability at the carboxylation sites, future studies into these aspects will help us to understand photosynthesis responses in a global change framework.

Prospective Memory Development Across the Lifespan

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Zuber ◽  
Matthias Kliegel
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Integrative Framework

Abstract. Prospective Memory (PM; i.e., the ability to remember to perform planned tasks) represents a key proxy of healthy aging, as it relates to older adults’ everyday functioning, autonomy, and personal well-being. The current review illustrates how PM performance develops across the lifespan and how multiple cognitive and non-cognitive factors influence this trajectory. Further, a new, integrative framework is presented, detailing how those processes interplay in retrieving and executing delayed intentions. Specifically, while most previous models have focused on memory processes, the present model focuses on the role of executive functioning in PM and its development across the lifespan. Finally, a practical outlook is presented, suggesting how the current knowledge can be applied in geriatrics and geropsychology to promote healthy aging by maintaining prospective abilities in the elderly.

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