scholarly journals Protection of Polyphenols against Glyco-Oxidative Stress: Involvement of Glyoxalase Pathway

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Cianfruglia ◽  
Camilla Morresi ◽  
Tiziana Bacchetti ◽  
Tatiana Armeni ◽  
Gianna Ferretti
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Glyoxalase System ◽  
Oxidation Stress ◽  
Glyoxalase Ii ◽  
Reactive Carbonyl Species ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Harmful Effects

Chronic high glucose (HG) exposure increases methylglyoxal (MGO)-derived advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and is involved in the onset of pathological conditions, such as diabetes, atherosclerosis and chronic-degenerative diseases. Under physiologic conditions the harmful effects of MGO are contrasted by glyoxalase system that is implicated in the detoxification of Reactive Carbonyl Species (RCS) and maintain the homeostasis of the redox environment of the cell. Polyphenols are the most abundant antioxidants in the diet and present various health benefits. Aims of the study were to investigate the effects of HG-chronic exposure on glyco-oxidation and glyoxalase system in intestinal cells, using CaCo-2 cells. Moreover, we studied the effect of apple polyphenols on glyco-oxidative stress. Our data demonstrated that HG-treatment triggers glyco-oxidation stress with a significant increase in intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, AGEs, and increase of Glyoxalase I (GlxI) activity. On the contrary, Glyoxalase II (GlxII) activity was lower in HG-treated cells. We demonstrate that apple polyphenols exert a protective effect against oxidative stress and dicarbonyl stress. The increase of total antioxidant capacity and glutathione (GSH) levels in HG-treated cells in the presence of apple polyphenols was associated with a decrease of GlxI activity.

scholarly journals Protection of Polyphenols Against Glyco-Oxidative Stress: Involvement of Glyoxalase Pathway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Cianfruglia ◽  
Camilla Morresi ◽  
Tiziana Bacchetti ◽  
Tatiana Armeni ◽  
Gianna Ferretti
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidation Stress ◽  
Glyoxalase Ii ◽  
Reactive Carbonyl Species ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Physiologic Condition ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Glucose Condition

Chronic high glucose (HG) exposure increases methylglyoxal (MG)-derived AGEs and is involved in the onset of pathological conditions, such as diabetes, atherosclerosis and chronic‐degenerative diseases. Under physiologic condition the harmful effects of MG are contrasted by glyoxalase system that is involved in the detoxification of Reactive Carbonyl Species (RCS) and maintain the homeostasis of the redox environment of the cell. Polyphenols are the most abundant antioxidants in the diet and present various health benefits. The study aimed at investigating the role of polyphenols extracted from an apple high in polyphenols (Calville White Winter), on glyco-oxidative stress induced by chronic HG-exposure. Intestinal Caco-2 cells were treated in physiological glucose condition (25mM) as a control and in HG condition (50mM) with or without apple extract for one week. Our data demonstrated that HG-treatment triggers glyco-oxidation stress with a significantly increase in ROS, lipid peroxidation, AGEs and Glyoxalase I (GlxI) activity with a significant decrease in total antioxidant intracellular defense. Treatment with polyphenols under HG condition restores to the control levels GlxI activity, decreases Glyoxalase II (GlxII) in relation to the control and induces a drop of glyco-oxidative damage. This paper seeks to highlight the roles of polyphenols in glyco-oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Advanced Glycation End Products and Oxidative Stress in a Hyperglycaemic Environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akio Nakamura ◽  
Ritsuko Kawahrada
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Advanced Glycation End Products ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Protein Glycation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
End Products ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Protein glycation is the random, nonenzymatic reaction of sugar and protein induced by diabetes and ageing; this process is quite different from glycosylation mediated by the enzymatic reactions catalysed by glycosyltransferases. Schiff bases form advanced glycation end products (AGEs) via intermediates, such as Amadori compounds. Although these AGEs form various molecular species, only a few of their structures have been determined. AGEs bind to different AGE receptors on the cell membrane and transmit signals to the cell. Signal transduction via the receptor of AGEs produces reactive oxygen species in cells, and oxidative stress is responsible for the onset of diabetic complications. This chapter introduces the molecular mechanisms of disease onset due to oxidative stress, including reactive oxygen species, caused by AGEs generated by protein glycation in a hyperglycaemic environment.

Citrus Fruit Extracts Reduce Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs)- and H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Adipocytes

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (20) ◽  
pp. 11119-11129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deena Ramful ◽  
Evelyne Tarnus ◽  
Philippe Rondeau ◽  
Christine Robert Da Silva ◽  
Theeshan Bahorun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Advanced Glycation End Products ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Human Adipocytes ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
End Products

Abstract 11598: Increased Advanced Glycation End-Products Accelerate the Progress of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Under Condition of Elevated Oxidative Stress or Insulin Resistance in Patients With Hypertension

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoyama Akihiro ◽  
Masuda Takashi ◽  
Ogura Misao ◽  
Shimizu Ryosuke ◽  
Kato Michitaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
End Products ◽  
One Year ◽  
Observation Period

Background: Elevated oxidative stress or insulin resistance has been shown to promote the production of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in patients with hypertension (HT). Because AGEs enhance left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) via the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B, it is considered that increased AGEs contribute to LVH in HT patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of increased AGEs on LVH in them. Methods: Eighty five HT patients aged 65 ± 9 years were prospectively followed up for a year, whose blood pressure was controlled under 140/90mmHg. We assessed patients’ glucose and lipid metabolism and neurohumoral factors including plasma noradrenaline and renin activity as clinical characteristics. We measured serum malondialdehyde-modified LDL-cholesterol (MDA-LDL) and plasma pentosidine as parameters of oxidative stress and AGEs, respectively. Homeostasis model assessment ratio (HOMA-R), estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were assessed as parameters of insulin resistance, renal function and LVH, respectively. All parameters were assessed before and after one-year observation period. We examined the change in each parameter from baseline to the value measured after the observation period ([[Unable to Display Character: &#8895;]]MDA-LDL, [[Unable to Display Character: &#8895;]]pentosidine, [[Unable to Display Character: &#8895;]]HOMA-R and [[Unable to Display Character: &#8895;]]LVMI). We divided patients into two groups based on the median of baseline pentosidine: high AGEs and low AGEs groups. We compared baseline values between the two groups. We analyzed the relationships among [[Unable to Display Character: &#8895;]]MDA-LDL, [[Unable to Display Character: &#8895;]]HOMA-R, [[Unable to Display Character: &#8895;]]Pentosidine and [[Unable to Display Character: &#8895;]]LVMI, and performed stepwise multiple regression analysis using parameters of clinical characteristics and AGEs to detect the predictors for the LVH progress after one year. Results: Baseline LVMI was significantly higher in the high AGEs group than in the low AGEs group (P<0.05). [[Unable to Display Character: &#8895;]]Pentosidine was positively correlated with [[Unable to Display Character: &#8895;]]MDA-LDL (r=0.34, P<0.01),[[Unable to Display Character: &#8895;]]HOMA-R (r=0.37, P<0.01) and [[Unable to Display Character: &#8895;]]LVMI (r=0.39, P<0.05). Multiple regression analysis detected pentosidine as a significant independent predictor for the LVH progress (β=0.407, P=0.005) (R2=0.315). Conclusion: Increased AGEs accelerated the LVH progress under condition of elevated oxidative stress or insulin resistance in HT patients.

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