scholarly journals From 1D to 3D: a new route to fabricate tridimensional structures via photo-generation of silver networks

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (36) ◽  
pp. 28633-28642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaizhong Shen ◽  
Yuxin Wu ◽  
Liping Fang ◽  
Shunsheng Ye ◽  
Zhaoyi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
3D Structures ◽  
The Matrix

A time-saving and low-cost method is established to construct stacked 3D structures through the combination of bottom-up and top-down techniques which enables us to create building blocks freely and to precisely adjust the matrix feature.

scholarly journals Multiscale additive manufacturing of polymers using 3D photo-printable self-assembling ionic liquid monomers

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 580-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bineh G. Ndefru ◽  
Bryan S. Ringstrand ◽  
Sokhna I.-Y. Diouf ◽  
Sönke Seifert ◽  
Juan H. Leal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Cost Approach ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Nanoscale Features

Combining bottom-up self-assembly with top-down 3D photoprinting affords a low cost approach for the introduction of nanoscale features into a build with low resolution features.

Comparative Environmental Law

2019 ◽  
pp. 2-34
Author(s):  
Jorge E. Viñuales
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Law ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Comparative Law ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Present Volume ◽  
Functionalist Approach

This volume examines the building blocks of environmental law across different jurisdictions. More specifically, it provides a cartography of environmental law, with a focus on its underlying logic, main arrangements and their variations, and how it is embedded within the broader legal arrangements developed to tackle other questions. In this context, this preliminary chapter provides an overview of the comparative method as it applies to the overall research project leading to the present volume. It discusses descriptive and evolutionary approaches, the conceptual approach, the functionalist approach, the factual approach, legal formants, the contextualist approach, and legal transplants. It then considers a range of methodologies proposed by comparative law experts, including the bottom-up functionalism and top-down functionalism, before explaining the methodology used for the organization of this book. The chapter concludes by summarizing a tentative structure of comparative environmental law as a single overall technology.

scholarly journals Middle-Out Approaches to Reform of University Teaching and Learning: Champions striding between the top-down and bottom-up approaches

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick Cummings ◽  
Rob Phillips ◽  
Rhondda Tilbrook ◽  
Kate Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Change Management ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Executive Staff ◽  
Accepted Practice ◽  
External Forces

<P>In recent years, Australian universities have been driven by a diversity of external forces, including funding cuts, massification of higher education, and changing student demographics, to reform their relationship with students and improve teaching and learning, particularly for those studying off-campus or part-time. Many universities have responded to these forces either through formal strategic plans developed top-down by executive staff or through organic developments arising from staff in a bottom-up approach. By contrast, much of Murdoch University's response has been led by a small number of staff who have middle management responsibilities and who have championed the reform of key university functions, largely in spite of current policy or accepted practice. This paper argues that the "middle-out" strategy has both a basis in change management theory and practice, and a number of strengths, including low risk, low cost, and high sustainability. Three linked examples of middle-out change management in teaching and learning at Murdoch University are described and the outcomes analyzed to demonstrate the benefits and pitfalls of this approach.</P>

Mapping seabed assemblages using comparative top-down and bottom-up classification approaches

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1536-1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D Eastwood ◽  
Sami Souissi ◽  
Stuart I Rogers ◽  
Roger A Coggan ◽  
Craig J Brown
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Unsupervised Classification ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Unconsolidated Sediments ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Infaunal Community ◽  
Acoustic Technologies

Acoustic technologies yield many benefits for mapping the physical structure of seabed environments but are not ideally suited to classifying associated biological assemblages. We tested this assumption using benthic infauna data collected off the south coast of England by applying top-down (supervised) and bottom-up (unsupervised) classification approaches. The top-down approach was based on an a priori acoustic classification of the seabed followed by characterization of the acoustic regions using ground-truth biological samples. By contrast, measures of similarity between the ground-truth infaunal community data formed the basis of the bottom-up approach to assemblage classification. For both approaches, individual assemblages were mapped by first computing Bayesian conditional probabilities for ground-truth stations to estimate the probability of each station belonging to an assemblage. Assemblage distributions were then interpolated over a regular grid and characterized using an indicator value index. While the two methods of classification yielded assemblages and output maps that were broadly comparable, the bottom-up approach arrived at a slightly better defined set of biological assemblages. This suggests that acoustically derived seabed data are not ideally suited to class ifying biological assemblages over unconsolidated sediments, despite offering considerable advantages in providing rapid and low-cost assessments of seabed physical structure.

The convergence of top-down and bottom-up nanofabrication: formation of 3D structures

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Yang ◽  
Junyan Dai ◽  
Mingqi Li ◽  
Christopher K. Ober
Keyword(s):  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
3D Structures

scholarly journals A functional context for heterogeneity of the circadian clock in cells

PLoS Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. e3000927
Author(s):  
Martha Merrow ◽  
Mary Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Clock ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Circadian Period ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Stochastic Generation ◽  
Circadian Phase ◽  
Functional Context ◽  
Definition Of

Characterization of circadian systems at the organism level—a top-down approach—has led to definition of unifying properties, a hallmark of the science of chronobiology. The next challenge is to use a bottom-up approach to show how the molecular workings of the cellular circadian clock work as building blocks of those properties. We review new studies, including a recently published PLOS Biology paper by Nikhil and colleagues, that show how programmed but also stochastic generation of variation in cellular circadian period explain important adaptive features of entrained circadian phase.

A New Process to Fabricate Three Dimensional Ordered Nano Dot Array Structures by Nano Plastic Forming and Dewetting

2012 ◽  
Vol 523-524 ◽  
pp. 627-632
Author(s):  
Zhen Xing Li ◽  
Akinori Yamanaka ◽  
Masahiko Yoshino
Keyword(s):  
Metal Layer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Spacer Layer ◽  
New Process ◽  
Plastic Forming ◽  
Array Structures

Three dimensional (3D) nano/quantum dot array structures have attracted more and more attention due to their broad applications. A new fabrication method of multilayer ordered nano dot array with low cost and high throughput is developed in this paper. This process is combination of Top-down and Bottom-up approaches: Nano Plastic Forming (NPF) patterning of metal layer coated on the substrate as Top-down approach and self-organization by dewetting as Bottom-up approach. Effects of process conditions on 3D nano-dot array formation are studied experimentally. Regularity and uniformity of first layer nano-dot array is transferred to the second layer nano-dots by optimizing thickness of the spacer layer and Au coating layer. Multilayer ordered nano dot array structures with good alignment are obtained by repeating coating and annealing processes.

scholarly journals Co-Package Technology Platform for Low-Power and Low-Cost Data Centers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 6098
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Papatryfonos ◽  
David R. Selviah ◽  
Avi Maman ◽  
Kobi Hasharoni ◽  
Antoine Brimont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flip Chip ◽  
Slow Light ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Light Modulation ◽  
Technology Platform ◽  
Growth Characterization ◽  
Efficient Performance ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Dfb Laser

We report recent advances in photonic–electronic integration developed in the European research project L3MATRIX. The aim of the project was to demonstrate the basic building blocks of a co-packaged optical system. Two-dimensional silicon photonics arrays with 64 modulators were fabricated. Novel modulation schemes based on slow light modulation were developed to assist in achieving an efficient performance of the module. Integration of DFB laser sources within each cell in the matrix was demonstrated as well using wafer bonding between the InP and SOI wafers. Improved semiconductor quantum dot MBE growth, characterization and gain stack designs were developed. Packaging of these 2D photonic arrays in a chiplet configuration was demonstrated using a vertical integration approach in which the optical interconnect matrix was flip-chip assembled on top of a CMOS mimic chip with 2D vertical fiber coupling. The optical chiplet was further assembled on a substrate to facilitate integration with the multi-chip module of the co-packaged system with a switch surrounded by several such optical chiplets. We summarize the features of the L3MATRIX co-package technology platform and its holistic toolbox of technologies to address the next generation of computing challenges.

Engineering strategies for chitin nanofibers

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (14) ◽  
pp. 2547-2559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Zhang ◽  
Marco Rolandi
Keyword(s):  
Building Blocks ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Natural Materials ◽  
Engineered Materials ◽  
Chitin Nanofibers

Chitin nanofibers are the fundamental building blocks of numerous structural natural materials. From top-down to bottom-up, here we review engineering strategies to produce chitin nanofibers for engineered materials and their applications.

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