Exploring the Scope for Scale-Up of Organic Chemistry Using a Large Batch Microwave Reactor

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason R. Schmink ◽  
Chad M. Kormos ◽  
William G. Devine ◽  
Nicholas E. Leadbeater
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Large Batch ◽  
Microwave Reactor

A Commercial Continuous Flow Microwave Reactor Evaluated for Scale-Up

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 926-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Bergamelli ◽  
Mauro Iannelli ◽  
Jameel A. Marafie ◽  
Jonathan D. Moseley
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Microwave Reactor

scholarly journals Catalyst Heating Characteristics in the Traveling-Wave Microwave Reactor

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
Alberto Martínez González ◽  
Andrzej Stankiewicz ◽  
Hakan Nigar
Keyword(s):  
Traveling Wave ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Microwave Cavity ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalytic ◽  
Microwave Reactor ◽  
Bed Temperature ◽  
Process Scale Up

Traveling-Wave Microwave Reactor (TMR) presents a novel heterogeneous catalytic reactor concept based on a coaxial waveguide structure. In the current paper, both modeling and experimental studies of catalyst heating in the TMR are presented. The developed 3D multiphysics model was validated from the electromagnetic and heat transfer points of view. Extrudes of silicon carbide (SiC) were selected as catalyst supports and microwave absorbing media in a packed-bed configuration. The packed-bed temperature evolution was in good agreement with experimental data, with an average deviation of less than 10%. Both experimental and simulation results show that the homogeneous temperature distribution is possible in the TMR system. It is envisioned that the TMR concept may facilitate process scale-up while providing temperature homogeneity beyond the intrinsic restrictions of microwave cavity systems.

Flow Microwave Technology and Microreactors in Synthesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R. Baxendale ◽  
Christian Hornung ◽  
Steven V. Ley ◽  
Juan de Mata Muñoz Molina ◽  
Anders Wikström
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Microwave Technology ◽  
Carbon Doped ◽  
Microwave Reactor ◽  
Reaction Media

A bespoke microwave reactor with a glass containment cell has been developed for performing continuous flow reactions under microwave heating. The prototype unit has been evaluated using a series of standard organic chemical transformations enabling scale-up of these chemical processes. As part of the development, a carbon-doped PTFE reactor insert was utilized to allow the heating of poorly absorbing reaction media, increasing the range of solvents and scope of reactions that can be performed in the device.

Developments in Microwave-Assisted Organic Chemistry

1995 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1665 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Strauss ◽  
RW Trainor
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Microwave Reactor ◽  
Microwave Reactors ◽  
Indole Synthesis

Microwave-assisted organic chemistry is reviewed in the context of the methods employed. A range of technical difficulties indicated that specifically designed reactors were required. Hence, the CSIRO continuous microwave reactor (CMR) and microwave batch reactor (MBR) were developed for organic synthesis. On the laboratory scale, they operated at temperatures (pressures) up to 200°C (1400 kPa) and 260°C (10 MPa), respectively. Advantages and applications of the units are discussed, along with safety issues. Features include the capability for rapid, controlled heating and cooling of reaction mixtures, and elimination of wall effects. Concurrent heating and cooling, and differential heating were unique methodologies introduced to organic synthesis through the MBR. Applications of the microwave reactors for optimizing high-temperature preparations, e.g, the Willgerodt reaction and the Fischer indole synthesis, were demonstrated. Water was a useful pseudo-organic solvent, applicable to environmentally benign synthetic chemistry.

NiAl precipitation in Fe-12w/o Cr-5w/o Ni-4w/o Al

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
L.E. Murr ◽  
J.S. Dunning ◽  
S. Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Alloy Composition ◽  
Chromium Content ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Optical Metallography ◽  
Property Evaluation ◽  
310 Stainless Steel ◽  
Microstructural Studies

Aluminum additions to conventional 18Cr-8Ni austenitic stainless steel compositions impart excellent resistance to high sulfur environments. However, problems are typically encountered with aluminum additions above about 1% due to embrittlement caused by aluminum in solid solution and the precipitation of NiAl. Consequently, little use has been made of aluminum alloy additions to stainless steels for use in sulfur or H2S environments in the chemical industry, energy conversion or generation, and mineral processing, for example.A research program at the Albany Research Center has concentrated on the development of a wrought alloy composition with as low a chromium content as possible, with the idea of developing a low-chromium substitute for 310 stainless steel (25Cr-20Ni) which is often used in high-sulfur environments. On the basis of workability and microstructural studies involving optical metallography on 100g button ingots soaked at 700°C and air-cooled, a low-alloy composition Fe-12Cr-5Ni-4Al (in wt %) was selected for scale up and property evaluation.

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