Approaches to the Scale-Up of Organic Chemistry Using Microwave Heating

2013 ◽  
pp. 321-358
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Scale Up

scholarly journals Studies on the Scale-Up of the Microwave-Assisted Nitridation and Sintering of Reaction-Bonded Silicon Nitride

1994 ◽  
Vol 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Kiggans ◽  
T. N. Tiegs ◽  
H. D. Kimrey ◽  
Jon-Paul Maria
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Batch Size ◽  
Temperature Uniformity ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Nitride Sample ◽  
Powder Compacts

AbstractStudies using laboratory test samples have shown that microwave heating produces sintered reaction-bonded silicon nitride materials with improved properties [1,2]. The final challenge for processing this material by microwave heating is the development of a technology for processing larger batch-size quantities of these materials. Initial microwave scale-up experiments were performed using powder compacts of a bucket tappet geometry. In experiments using microwave-transparent boron nitride sample crucibles, temperature gradients within some crucibles led to larger variations in the sample densities than were obtained with the conventionally processed samples. The use of a microwave-suscepter type crucible made of silicon carbide and boron nitride resulted in an improved temperature uniformity and in density variations comparable to those obtained for the control groups.

Exploring the Scope for Scale-Up of Organic Chemistry Using a Large Batch Microwave Reactor

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason R. Schmink ◽  
Chad M. Kormos ◽  
William G. Devine ◽  
Nicholas E. Leadbeater
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Large Batch ◽  
Microwave Reactor

scholarly journals Scale-Up of the Nitridation and Sintering of Silicon Preforms Using Microwave Heating

1996 ◽  
Vol 430 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. Kiggans ◽  
T. N. Tiegs ◽  
C. C. Davisson ◽  
M. S. Morrow ◽  
G. J. Garvey
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Microwave Furnace ◽  
Weight Gains

AbstractScale-up studies were performed in which microwave heating was used to fabricate reactionbonded silicon nitride and sintered reaction-bonded silicon nitride (SRBSN). Tests were performed in both a 2.45 GHz, 500 liter and a 2.45 GHz, 4000 liter multimode cavities. A variety of sizes, shapes, and compositions of silicon preforms were processed in the studies, including bucket tappets and clevis pins for diesel engines. Up to 230 samples were processed in a single microwave furnace run. Data were collected which included weight gains for nitridation experiments, and final densities for nitridation and sintering experiments. For comparison, nitridation and sintering studies were performed using a conventional resistance-heated furnace.

scholarly journals Scale-up of the nitridation and sintering of silicon preforms using microwave heating

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.O. Jr. Kiggans ◽  
T.N. Tiegs ◽  
C.C. Davisson ◽  
M.S. Morrow ◽  
G.J. Garvey
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Scale Up

ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Heating in Organic Chemistry

ChemInform ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (13) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
G. MAJETICH ◽  
K. WHELESS
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Microwave Heating

Flow Microwave Technology and Microreactors in Synthesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R. Baxendale ◽  
Christian Hornung ◽  
Steven V. Ley ◽  
Juan de Mata Muñoz Molina ◽  
Anders Wikström
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Microwave Technology ◽  
Carbon Doped ◽  
Microwave Reactor ◽  
Reaction Media

A bespoke microwave reactor with a glass containment cell has been developed for performing continuous flow reactions under microwave heating. The prototype unit has been evaluated using a series of standard organic chemical transformations enabling scale-up of these chemical processes. As part of the development, a carbon-doped PTFE reactor insert was utilized to allow the heating of poorly absorbing reaction media, increasing the range of solvents and scope of reactions that can be performed in the device.

NiAl precipitation in Fe-12w/o Cr-5w/o Ni-4w/o Al

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
L.E. Murr ◽  
J.S. Dunning ◽  
S. Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Alloy Composition ◽  
Chromium Content ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Optical Metallography ◽  
Property Evaluation ◽  
310 Stainless Steel ◽  
Microstructural Studies

Aluminum additions to conventional 18Cr-8Ni austenitic stainless steel compositions impart excellent resistance to high sulfur environments. However, problems are typically encountered with aluminum additions above about 1% due to embrittlement caused by aluminum in solid solution and the precipitation of NiAl. Consequently, little use has been made of aluminum alloy additions to stainless steels for use in sulfur or H2S environments in the chemical industry, energy conversion or generation, and mineral processing, for example.A research program at the Albany Research Center has concentrated on the development of a wrought alloy composition with as low a chromium content as possible, with the idea of developing a low-chromium substitute for 310 stainless steel (25Cr-20Ni) which is often used in high-sulfur environments. On the basis of workability and microstructural studies involving optical metallography on 100g button ingots soaked at 700°C and air-cooled, a low-alloy composition Fe-12Cr-5Ni-4Al (in wt %) was selected for scale up and property evaluation.

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