Flow Microwave Technology and Microreactors in Synthesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R. Baxendale ◽  
Christian Hornung ◽  
Steven V. Ley ◽  
Juan de Mata Muñoz Molina ◽  
Anders Wikström
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Microwave Technology ◽  
Carbon Doped ◽  
Microwave Reactor ◽  
Reaction Media

A bespoke microwave reactor with a glass containment cell has been developed for performing continuous flow reactions under microwave heating. The prototype unit has been evaluated using a series of standard organic chemical transformations enabling scale-up of these chemical processes. As part of the development, a carbon-doped PTFE reactor insert was utilized to allow the heating of poorly absorbing reaction media, increasing the range of solvents and scope of reactions that can be performed in the device.

A Commercial Continuous Flow Microwave Reactor Evaluated for Scale-Up

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 926-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Bergamelli ◽  
Mauro Iannelli ◽  
Jameel A. Marafie ◽  
Jonathan D. Moseley
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Microwave Reactor

Design of a continuous flow immobilized-cell reactor for biosynthetical production of L-aspartic acid

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 2122-2133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jindřich Zahradník ◽  
Marie Fialová ◽  
Jan Škoda ◽  
Helena Škodová
Keyword(s):  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Immobilized Cells ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Immobilized Cell

An experimental study was carried out aimed at establishing a data base for an optimum design of a continuous flow fixed-bed reactor for biotransformation of ammonium fumarate to L-aspartic acid catalyzed by immobilized cells of the strain Escherichia alcalescens dispar group. The experimental program included studies of the effect of reactor geometry, catalytic particle size, and packed bed arrangement on reactor hydrodynamics and on the rate of substrate conversion. An expression for the effective reaction rate was derived including the effect of mass transfer and conditions of the safe conversion-data scale-up were defined. Suggestions for the design of a pilot plant reactor (100 t/year) were formulated and decisive design parameters of such reactor were estimated for several variants of problem formulation.

scholarly journals Microwave heating in heterogeneous catalysis: Modelling and design of rectangular traveling-wave microwave reactor

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 116383
Author(s):  
Peng Yan ◽  
Andrzej I. Stankiewicz ◽  
Farnaz Eghbal Sarabi ◽  
Hakan Nigar
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Traveling Wave ◽  
Microwave Reactor

Ionic liquids and supercritical carbon dioxide: green and alternative reaction media for chemical processes

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruixia Liu ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Suojiang Zhang ◽  
Ting Yan ◽  
Jiayu Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Reaction Media ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) and supercritical CO

Microwave-Assisted Grafting to MCM-41 Silica and its Application as Catalyst in Flow Chemistry

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 1522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Oliverio ◽  
Antonio Procopio ◽  
Toma N. Glasnov ◽  
Walter Goessler ◽  
C. Oliver Kappe
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Rate Increase ◽  
Flow Chemistry ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Kinetic Effect ◽  
Microwave Technology ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Technology Control ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mcm 41

Finding environmentally gentle methods to graft Lewis acid on the surface of mesoporous materials is a topic of current interest. Herein we describe the optimization of a preparation procedure of a mesoporous silica-supported ErIII catalyst using the microwave-assisted post-calcination functionalization of Mobil Composition of Matter-41 silica as the key step. The required time for functionalization was reduced from several hours to 10 min using sealed-vessel microwave technology. Control experiments using conventional heating at the same temperature demonstrated that the rate increase is owing to a simple thermal/kinetic effect as a result of the higher reaction temperature. The resulting ErIII catalyst was tested for the first time as a catalyst in the continuous flow deprotection of benzaldehyde dimethylacetal and a complete leaching study was performed.

A Simple Continuous Flow Microwave Reactor

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (17) ◽  
pp. 7003-7006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Bagley ◽  
Robert L. Jenkins ◽  
M. Caterina Lubinu ◽  
Christopher Mason ◽  
Robin Wood
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Microwave Reactor

Deep Level Centers in Carbon-Doped High Resistivity GaN

2014 ◽  
Vol 997 ◽  
pp. 492-495
Author(s):  
Huan Cui ◽  
Li Wu Lu ◽  
Ling Sang ◽  
Bai He Chen ◽  
Zhi Wei He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Level ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Deep Levels ◽  
Hall Measurement ◽  
High Resistivity ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Carbon Doped ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
High Level ◽  
Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition

The deep levels of carbon doped high resistivity (HR) GaN samples grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) has been investigated using thermally stimulated current (TSC) spectroscopy and high temperature (HT) Hall measurement. Two different thickness of 100 and 300 nm were used to be compared. It was found that four distinct deep levels by TSC and one deep level by HT Hall measurement were observed in both samples, which means great help for the decrease of leakage current and lifetime limitations of device utilizing the structure. The activation energy of these levels was calculated and their possible origins were also proposed. The low temperature traps, might be related to VN, 0.50 and 0.52eV related to incorporate a high level carbon, 0.57eV related to VGa, 0.59eV related to CGaor NGa, 0.91 and 0.97eV related to interstitial N1.

scholarly journals Diels–Alder reactions of myrcene using intensified continuous-flow reactors

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 120-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian H Hornung ◽  
Miguel Á Álvarez-Diéguez ◽  
Thomas M Kohl ◽  
John Tsanaktsidis
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow Reactor ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Alder Reaction ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Flow Reactors ◽  
Diels Alder Reaction ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Continuous Flow Reactors

This work describes the Diels–Alder reaction of the naturally occurring substituted butadiene, myrcene, with a range of different naturally occurring and synthetic dienophiles. The synthesis of the Diels–Alder adduct from myrcene and acrylic acid, containing surfactant properties, was scaled-up in a plate-type continuous-flow reactor with a volume of 105 mL to a throughput of 2.79 kg of the final product per day. This continuous-flow approach provides a facile alternative scale-up route to conventional batch processing, and it helps to intensify the synthesis protocol by applying higher reaction temperatures and shorter reaction times.

scholarly journals Recovery of Metals and Rare Earth Elements by Microwave heating Technology - A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 196-206
Author(s):  
Shunda Lin ◽  
Mamdouh Omran ◽  
Shenghui Guo
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Metallurgical Waste ◽  
Microwave Technology ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Rare Earth Minerals ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
Heating Technology

: Microwave heating technology is considered one of the most likely to replace traditional heating methods due to its efficient, quick, and green heating transmission that meets the requirements of sustainable development. Microwave heating can strengthen chemical reactions and change the morphology of minerals, and it can save energy and achieve rapid and efficient heating, clean production, and emission reduction. Therefore, this paper summarizes the research status of microwave heating in the recovery of valuable metals (Cu, Au, V),) from metallurgical waste ore and rare earth elements from rare earth minerals in recent years, expounds the principle of microwave heating, and summarizes the previous experimental phenomena. Finally, the development potential, opportunities, and difficulties of microwave technology in future industrial applications are discussed.

ChemInform Abstract: Petasis Olefination in a Continuous-Flow Microwave Reactor: exo-Glycals from Sugar Lactones.

ChemInform ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
Stefan Koch ◽  
Holger Loewe ◽  
Horst Kunz
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Microwave Reactor
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