Natural Host-Induced Gene Silencing Offers New Opportunities to Engineer Disease Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingnan Hou ◽  
Wenbo Ma
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Natural Host

The small RNA‐mediated gene silencing machinery is required in Arabidopsis for stimulation of growth, systemic disease resistance, and the suppression of nitrile‐specifier, NSP4 gene by Trichoderma atroviride

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Guillermo Rebolledo Prudencio ◽  
Magnolia Estrada Rivera ◽  
Mitzuko Dautt Castro ◽  
Mario A. Arteaga‐Vazquez ◽  
Catalina Arenas‐Huertero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Nsp4 Gene ◽  
Trichoderma Atroviride ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals RNA Interference: A Versatile Tool for Functional Genomics and Unraveling the Genes Required for Viral Disease Resistance in Plants

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tushar Ranjan ◽  
Namaste Kumari ◽  
Sangita Sahni ◽  
Bishun Deo Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Natural Defense ◽  
Versatile Tool ◽  
Plant Genes

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a powerful reverse genetics technology used to unravel the functions of genes. It uses viruses as vectors to carry targeted plant genes. The virus vector is used to induce RNA-mediated silencing of a gene or genes in the host plant. The process of silencing is triggered by dsRNA molecules, the mechanism is explained in this chapter. Over the years a large number of viruses have been modified for use as VIGS vectors and a list of these vectors is also included. As the name suggests, virus-induced gene silencing uses the host plant’s natural defense mechanisms against viral infection to silence plant genes. VIGS is methodologically simple and is widely used to determine gene functions, including disease resistance, abiotic stress, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and signal transduction pathways. Here, we made an attempt to describe the basic underlying molecular mechanism of VIGS, the methodology and various experimental requirements, as well as its advantages and disadvantages. Finally, we discuss the future prospects of VIGS in relation to CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Besides using it to overexpress or silence genes, VIGS has emerged as the preferred delivery system for the cutting edge CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology.

scholarly journals Study on the efficacy of dsRNAs with increasing length in RNAi-based silencing of the Fusarium CYP51 genes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Höfle ◽  
A Shrestha ◽  
B Werner ◽  
L Jelonek ◽  
A Koch
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Rna Silencing ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Rnai Technology

AbstractPreviously, we have demonstrated that transgenic Arabidopsis and barley plants, expressing a 791 nucleotide (nt) dsRNA (CYP3RNA) that targets all three CYP51 genes (FgCYP51A, FgCYP51B, FgCYP51C) in Fusarium graminearum (Fg), inhibited fungal infection via a process designated as host-induced gene silencing (HIGS). More recently, we have shown that spray applications of CYP3RNA also protect barley from fungal infection via a process termed spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS). Thus, RNAi technology may have the potential to revolutionize plant protection in agriculture. Therefore, successful field application will require optimization of RNAi design necessary to maximize the efficacy of the RNA silencing construct for making RNAi-based strategies a realistic and sustainable approach.Previous studies indicate that silencing is correlated with the number of siRNAs generated from a dsRNA precursor. To prove the hypothesis that silencing efficiency is correlated with the number of siRNAs processed out of the dsRNA precursor, we tested in a HIGS and SIGS approach dsRNA precursors of increasing length ranging from 400 nt to 1500 nt to assess gene silencing efficiency of individual FgCYP51 genes. Concerning HIGS-mediated disease control, we found that there is no significant correlation between the length of the dsRNA precursor and the reduction of Fg infection on CYP51-dsRNA expressing Arabidopsis plants. Importantly and in clear contrast to HIGS, we measured a decrease in SIGS-mediated Fg disease resistance that significantly correlates with the length of the dsRNA construct that was sprayed, indicating that the size of the dsRNA interferes with a sufficient uptake of dsRNAs by the fungus.

scholarly journals Roles of small RNAs in crop disease resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Tang ◽  
Xueting Gu ◽  
Junzhong Liu ◽  
Zuhua He
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Trade Offs

AbstractSmall RNAs (sRNAs) are a class of short, non-coding regulatory RNAs that have emerged as critical components of defense regulatory networks across plant kingdoms. Many sRNA-based technologies, such as host-induced gene silencing (HIGS), spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS), virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), artificial microRNA (amiRNA) and synthetic trans-acting siRNA (syn-tasiRNA)-mediated RNA interference (RNAi), have been developed as disease control strategies in both monocot and dicot plants, particularly in crops. This review aims to highlight our current understanding of the roles of sRNAs including miRNAs, heterochromatic siRNAs (hc-siRNAs), phased, secondary siRNAs (phasiRNAs) and natural antisense siRNAs (nat-siRNAs) in disease resistance, and sRNAs-mediated trade-offs between defense and growth in crops. In particular, we focus on the diverse functions of sRNAs in defense responses to bacterial and fungal pathogens, oomycete and virus in crops. Further, we highlight the application of sRNA-based technologies in protecting crops from pathogens. Further research perspectives are proposed to develop new sRNAs-based efficient strategies to breed non-genetically modified (GMO), disease-tolerant crops for sustainable agriculture.

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