Xylem vessel‐diameter–shoot‐length scaling: ecological significance of porosity types and other traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Olson ◽  
Julieta A. Rosell ◽  
Cecilia Martínez‐Pérez ◽  
Calixto León‐Gómez ◽  
Alex Fajardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Xylem Vessel ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Length Scaling

scholarly journals Echinochloa Colonum Resistance to Bispyribac-Soduim in Egypt - Occurrence and Identification

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed El-Nady ◽  
Amany Hamza ◽  
Aly Derbalah
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Protein Analysis ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Xylem Vessel ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Lamina Thickness ◽  
Active Concentration

Echinochloa ColonumResistance to Bispyribac-Soduim in Egypt - Occurrence and IdentificationIdentification and mechanism ofEchinochloa colonum(L.) resistance to bispyribac-soduim via physiological and anatomical differences between susceptible and resistant biotypes was investigated. The physiological and anatomical differences that were take into account were growth reduction, chlorophyll content reduction, protein analysis, lamina thickness and xylem vessel diameter in both susceptible and resistant biotypes ofE. colonum.The results showed the growth reduction fifty (GR50) of resistant biotype was 10.2 times higher than that of the susceptible biotypeE. colonumtreated with bispyribac-soduim. The chlorophyll content was highly reduced in the susceptible biotype relative to the resistant one ofE. colonumtreated with bispyribac-soduim. An anatomical test showed significant differences in the cytology of susceptible and resistant biotypes ofE. colonumtreated with bispyribac-soduim with respect to lamina thickness and xylem vessel diameter. Furthermore, leaf protein analysis showed significant differences between the susceptible and resistant biotypes ofE. colonumin the number and the density of protein bands. The resistance ofE. colonumto bispyribac-soduim may be due to the faster metabolism of bispyribac-soduim below the physiologically active concentration or the insensitivity of its target enzyme, (acetolactate synthase). These results implied the occurrence ofE. colonumresistance to bispyribac-soduim in Egypt and provide conclusive evidence that a single resistance mechanism alone cannot explain insensitivity inE. colonumto bispyribac-soduim.

Shifts in xylem vessel diameter and embolisms in grafted apple trees of differing rootstock growth potential in response to drought

Planta ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 234 (5) ◽  
pp. 1045-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taryn L. Bauerle ◽  
Michela Centinari ◽  
William L. Bauerle
Keyword(s):  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Xylem Vessel ◽  
Apple Trees

scholarly journals Identification and Mechanism ofEchinochloa crus-galliResistance to Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl with respect to Physiological and Anatomical Differences

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amany Hamza ◽  
Aly Derbalah ◽  
Mohamed El-Nady
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Xylem Vessel ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Lamina Thickness ◽  
Active Concentration ◽  
Target Enzyme

Identification and mechanism ofEchinochloa crus-galli(L.) resistance to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl via physiological and anatomical differences between susceptible and resistant were investigated. The physiological and anatomical differences that were take into account were growth reduction, chlorophyll content reduction, lamina thickness, and xylem vessel diameter in both susceptible and resistant biotypes ofE. crus-galli. The results showed that the growth reduction fifty (GR50) of resistant biotype was 12.07-times higher than that of the susceptible biotype ofE. crus-gallitreated with fenoxaprop-p-ethyl. The chlorophyll content was highly reduced in the susceptible biotype relative to the resistant one ofE. crus-gallitreated with fenoxaprop-p-ethyl. An anatomical test showed significant differences in the cytology of susceptible and resistant biotypes ofE. crus-gallitreated with fenoxaprop-p-ethyl with respect to lamina thickness and xylem vessel diameter. The resistance ofE. crus-gallito fenoxaprop-p-ethyl may be due to the faster metabolism of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl below the physiologically active concentration or the insensitivity of its target enzyme (Acetyl-CoA carboxylase).

Scaling of Xylem Vessel Diameter with Plant Size: Causes, Predictions, and Outstanding Questions

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julieta A. Rosell ◽  
Mark E. Olson ◽  
Tommaso Anfodillo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Size ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Xylem Vessel

Response of alfalfa to bidirectional selection for root bark area and xylem vessel diameter

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-435
Author(s):  
Shaoke Wang ◽  
M. A. Brick ◽  
C. E. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Xylem Vessel ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Vessel Area ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Bidirectional Selection ◽  
Root Size

Development of alfalfa [Medicago sativa L. ssp. sativa and M. sativa ssp. falcata (L.) Arcangeli] germplasm with contrasting root bark area and xylem vessel area could be useful to evaluate relationships between anatomical root characteristics and plant functions such as drought tolerance. This study was conducted to determine the response of alfalfa to bidirectional selection for root bark area and xylem vessel area of the largest vessels as viewed in cross section. Bidirectional selection for large and small root bark area and for large and small xylem vessel area was conducted for two cycles. Selection for high root bark area resulted in an increase in root bark area in cycle one (C1), but no further response occurred in cycle two (C2). Response to selection for low bark area resulted in no response in the C1, but a response occurred in the C2. Response to selection for large xylem vessel area increased xylem area in the C1 but no further response occurred in the C2. There was no response to selection for small vessel area in either of the two cycles of selection. Asymmetrical responses to bidirectional selection were found. Root size increased significantly over the two cycles of selection and was probably due to indirect selection for large root size. Key words: Medicago sativa L., ssp. sativa and M. sativa ssp. falcata (L.) Arcangeli, root bark area, xylem vessel diameter

A breeding program to reduce the diameter of the major xylem vessel in the seminal roots of wheat and its effect on grain yield in rain-fed environments

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 943 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Richards ◽  
JB Passioura
Keyword(s):  
Harvest Index ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Xylem Vessel ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Seminal Roots

It is thought that the man xylem vessel in the seminal roots of wheat crop will regulate crop water use if water is available in the subsoil but the top soil is dry. This should result in more water being used after anthesis, and a higher harvest index and yield. A backcross breeding program using two Australian commercial wheat varieties is described that reduced their xylem vessel diameter from about 65 8m to less than 55 8m. In field trials conducted on fallow land in eastern Australia over five years, comparing selections with narrow xylem vessels against unselected controls, narrow vessel selections yielded between 3 and 11% more than the unselected controls, depending upon their genetic background, in the driest environments. Yield differences in the wetter environments were largely not significant. This yield increase in the narrow vessel selections was associated with a significantly higher harvest index, also higher biomass at maturity and kernel number.

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