scholarly journals Vessel diameter-stem diameter scaling across woody angiosperms and the ecological causes of xylem vessel diameter variation

2012 ◽  
Vol 197 (4) ◽  
pp. 1204-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Olson ◽  
Julieta A. Rosell
Keyword(s):  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Xylem Vessel ◽  
Diameter Variation

scholarly journals Signal Intensity of Stem Diameter Variation for the Diagnosis of Drip Irrigation Water Deficit in Grapevine

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Chen Ru ◽  
Xiaotao Hu ◽  
Wene Wang ◽  
Hui Ran ◽  
Tianyuan Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Diameter Variation ◽  
Expansion Stage ◽  
Noise Ratio

Precise irrigation management of grapevines in greenhouses requires a reliable method to easily quantify and monitor the grapevine water status to enable effective manipulation of the water stress of the plants. This study describes a study on stem diameter variations of grapevine planted in a greenhouse in the semi-arid area of Northwest China. In order to determine the applicability of signal intensity of stem diameter variation to evaluate the water status of grapevine and soil. The results showed that the relative variation curve of the grapevine stem diameter from the vegetative stage to the fruit expansion stage showed an overall increasing trend. The correlations of MDS (maximum daily shrinkage) and DI (daily increase) with meteorological factors were significant (p < 0.05), and the correlations with SWP, RWC and soil moisture were weak. Although MDS and DI can diagnose grapevine water status in time, SIMDS and SIDI have the advantages of sensitivity and signal intensity compared with other indicators. Compared with MDS and DI, the R2 values of the regression equations of SIMDS and SIDI with SWP and RWC were high, and the correlation reached a very significant level (p < 0.01). Thus, SIMDS and SIDI are more suitable for the diagnosis of grapevine water status. The SIMDS peaked at the fruit expansion stage, reaching 0.957–1.384. The signal-to-noise ratio of SIDI was higher than that of MDS across the three treatments at the vegetative stage. The value and signal-to-noise ratio of SIDI at the flowering stage were similar to those of SIMDS, while the correlation between SIDI and the soil moisture content was higher than that of SIMDS. It can be concluded that that SIDI is suitable as an indicator of water status of grapevine and soil during the vegetative and flowering stages. In addition, the signal-to-noise ratio of SIMDS during the fruit expansion and mature stages was significantly higher than that of SIDI. Therefore, SIMDS is suitable as an indicator of the moisture status of grapevine and soil during the fruit expansion and mature stages. In general, SIMDS and SIDI were very good predictors of the plant water status during the growth stage and their continuous recording offers the promising possibility of their use in automatic irrigation scheduling in grapevine.

Xylem vessel‐diameter–shoot‐length scaling: ecological significance of porosity types and other traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Olson ◽  
Julieta A. Rosell ◽  
Cecilia Martínez‐Pérez ◽  
Calixto León‐Gómez ◽  
Alex Fajardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Xylem Vessel ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Length Scaling

scholarly journals Echinochloa Colonum Resistance to Bispyribac-Soduim in Egypt - Occurrence and Identification

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed El-Nady ◽  
Amany Hamza ◽  
Aly Derbalah
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Protein Analysis ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Xylem Vessel ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Lamina Thickness ◽  
Active Concentration

Echinochloa ColonumResistance to Bispyribac-Soduim in Egypt - Occurrence and IdentificationIdentification and mechanism ofEchinochloa colonum(L.) resistance to bispyribac-soduim via physiological and anatomical differences between susceptible and resistant biotypes was investigated. The physiological and anatomical differences that were take into account were growth reduction, chlorophyll content reduction, protein analysis, lamina thickness and xylem vessel diameter in both susceptible and resistant biotypes ofE. colonum.The results showed the growth reduction fifty (GR50) of resistant biotype was 10.2 times higher than that of the susceptible biotypeE. colonumtreated with bispyribac-soduim. The chlorophyll content was highly reduced in the susceptible biotype relative to the resistant one ofE. colonumtreated with bispyribac-soduim. An anatomical test showed significant differences in the cytology of susceptible and resistant biotypes ofE. colonumtreated with bispyribac-soduim with respect to lamina thickness and xylem vessel diameter. Furthermore, leaf protein analysis showed significant differences between the susceptible and resistant biotypes ofE. colonumin the number and the density of protein bands. The resistance ofE. colonumto bispyribac-soduim may be due to the faster metabolism of bispyribac-soduim below the physiologically active concentration or the insensitivity of its target enzyme, (acetolactate synthase). These results implied the occurrence ofE. colonumresistance to bispyribac-soduim in Egypt and provide conclusive evidence that a single resistance mechanism alone cannot explain insensitivity inE. colonumto bispyribac-soduim.

Radial and Tangential Diameter Variation of Wood Cells Within Trees of Acer Pseudoplatanus

IAWA Journal ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Cell Shape ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Cell Diameter ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Diameter Variation ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Radial Cell ◽  
Cambial Zone

Variations in wood cell shape within trees of Acer pseudoplatanus are described. Across growth rings the ratio of radial to tangential vessel diameter was greatest at about mid-ring, possibly associated with potential for expansion offered by the width of the cambial zone. Down sterns the ratio of radial to tangential diameter of fibres and vessels was greatest towards the tip and base of the tree. Along branches the ratio of radial to tangential vessel diameter decreased from tip to base. This variation in cell shape down sterns and branches appeared to be due to more rapid changes in tangential than radial cell diameter. It is suggested that variation in tangential fibre diameter resulted from variation in tangential diameter of cambial initials, and tangential expansion of vessels may have arisen from curvature of radial walls. The possible adaptive advantage to trees of reduced vessel diameter at the base of sterns and branches is discussed.

scholarly journals Partial Harvest in Paludified Black Spruce Stand: Short-Term Effects on Water Table and Variation in Stem Diameter

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Samuel Roy Proulx ◽  
Sylvain Jutras ◽  
Alain Leduc ◽  
Marc J. Mazerolle ◽  
Nicole J. Fenton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Area Reduction ◽  
Partial Harvest ◽  
Diameter Variation ◽  
Water Table Rise

The boreal forest is considered to be a low productivity forest due to its cold climate and poorly drained soils promoting paludification. These factors create conditions favouring accumulation of undecomposed organic matter, which causes declining growth rates of forest stands, ultimately converting mature stands into peatlands. Under these conditions, careful logging is conducted during winter, which minimizes soil disturbance in northwestern Quebec boreal forest. This results in water table rise, increased light availability and paludification. Our main objective was to evaluate the short-term effect of partial harvesting as an alternative method to careful logging in winter to mitigate water table rise on black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) stands. We quantified tree stem diameter variation and daily variation in water table depth in mature spruce stands before and after partial harvest (basal area reduction of 40%) and girdling (same basal area reduction with delayed mortality) during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons. Water table variation prior to and following silvicultural treatments did not differ one year after treatment. Daily stem diameter variation in black spruce did not differ between treatments and control. Furthermore, temperature exerted a positive effect on variation in water table and on stem diameter. These results suggest that partial harvest could be more effective than clearcutting to mitigate negative effects of a high water table while limiting paludification.

Convergent Vessel Diameter–Stem Diameter Scaling across Five Clades of New and Old World Eudicots from Desert to Rain Forest

2013 ◽  
Vol 174 (7) ◽  
pp. 1062-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E. Olson ◽  
Julieta A. Rosell ◽  
Calixto León ◽  
Salvador Zamora ◽  
Andrea Weeks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Old World
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