Eurasian Competitive Capacity Turkey

New ventures and creation of market awareness and industrial competition make competition as a prior concept. From this, evaluation of Eurasian competition capacity from the viewpoint of Turkey gains importance as an issue. Within the scope of EU 2020; 3 thematic priorities, 5 main targets, 7 initiatives were determined as a basis. This study that aims developing innovative management and achieving sustainable and more balanced growth with powerful innovative competition capacity, will take basic policies, which will create the competition capacity leans from Turkey to Eurasia, as a basis. This study also includes the analyses of sectoral competition capacity from Turkey to Eurasia as well as legal regulations, energy, trade, employment and geographical dimensions. As the method of this study, data regarding the indications of competition capacity over the last decade will be evaluated, deficiencies will be determined, source distribution will be directed, technological development functions will be achieved, efficient and function competition will be coordinated with the economic growth and a series of measurements will be taken and competition policies will be established in this regard. This study will also analyze the competition policies of Turkey and Eurasia and their objectives, efficiency and measurement of competition, general overview of Eurasian economies, global competition in Eurasian countries, index sequencing and scores in accordance with developed innovation in terms of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkey. Through the evaluation of rankings of Eurasian economies within Global Competition Index as well as the scores and Global Competition Report, the study will be concluded.

Improvement of the Corporate Loan Process in the Turkish Banking Sector: A Model

The aim of the present study is to develop a model for the integration of lean thinking into the corporate loan process with a special focus on the utilization of the value stream mapping technique. In line with this aim the study proposes a three-legged model specifically for the corporate loan processes of banks in Turkey as a developing country pursuing to integrate into the global financial world. The three dimensions included in the model are operational dimension, staff dimension and customer experience dimension. The study argues that by applying the proposed model based on the lean six sigma approach, banks can achieve and sustain a high level of improvement that would increase speed, value creation, cost-efficiency, profitability and customer satisfaction and reduce waste, processing time and effort, duplication and prolonging of transactions, redundancies, risks and errors in the whole corporate loan process.

Evaluation of Investment Projects: A Case from Turkish Cement Sector

Capital budgeting is crucial for firms that have projects to evaluate especially when the projects are mutually exclusive or financing is scarce. The aim of the study is to determining the most widely used methodologies in capital budgeting decisions and their effectiveness. A qualitative research will provide cement sector specific examples in assessing industry projects and compares the methods of Net Present Value, İnternal rate of Return, Pay-back period, discounted pay-back period and MIRR. Each method is briefly discussed and its drawbacks and advantages are mentioned in detail. Other sectors are also examined in terms of capital budgeting. Our preliminary results indicate that net present value method dominates capital budgeting decisions in the sectors under study.

Influence of R&D and Innovation on Development in Emerging Markets

The concept of development has been interpreted in different ways from past to present. This concept was discussed previously on economic, social and cultural aspects; but now it has transformed into concepts like human capital, education, health, innovation, technological development and poverty. A country needs producing for development, and it is necessary to increase efficiency for obtaining profits from this production. At this point the inclination to R&D and innovation is increasing. Today, it is experiencing the transition of a new era. This process can be distinguished by technological change resulted from knowledge creation, innovation and R&D. In addition to the production factors, knowledge and technology have become indispensable where the importance is increasing. R&D and innovation are seen as factors which are increasing economic growth, prosperity and quality of life and which provide competitiveness and productivity growth between countries. In this study, R&D and innovation activities are evaluated and their importance are highlighted in the issue of development for emerging markets. The increasing R&D and innovation projects provided that resources are using more effectively and efficiently by contributing to the development of emerging markets. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of R&D and innovation on development by considering sample emerging markets economies and to make the attention of the scientific community focus on these issues.

Determinants of Internal Migration in Turkey

Migration is defined as movement of population from one place to another. If population moves within the country, it is identified as internal migration, vice versa if population moves out of country, it is identified as emigration. Thanks to economic policies implemented in 1980’s in Turkey, there has been structural transformation. With the beginning of intensive migration from rural areas to urban places, this movement has brought some problems. In this paper, firstly internal migration phenomenon will be explained theoretically and will be presented in terms of Turkey side with various statistics. Some factors which are thought as having an impact on emergence of internal migration that heads to serious problems and reached serious dimensions in Turkey will be estimated with regression model. Economic reasons of migration will be discussed with driving and attractive forces. And with this approach, it is planned as the migration rate will be added to regression model as dependent variable and income, education, unemployment and health will be added to model as independent variable. Social and economic policies will be proposed in order to provide solutions of problems about internal migration.

Common Formal Education Proposal in Preventing Immigration for Sustainable Development in Rural Areas: A Pilot Study

This study was conducted to determine the effect of training in the prevention of migration as an obstacle for sustainable rural development. In this context, the causes of migration from rural areas to the cities were investigated and evaluated the educational status of people living in the villages. For this purpose, research has been implemented in rural part of Turkey’s Central Anatolia, Mediterranean and Black regions. Research data were collected by applying a questionnaire to the region inhabitants. A total of 123 questionnaires were evaluated. On statistical analysis, Cronbach's alpha value was found to be .833. Consequently, accessed findings are: 1) People living in region have low educational levels. 2) None of the participants had received any training related to agriculture in high school. 3) The proportion of participants receiving vocational training in related to agriculture, except for state schools is low. 4) Lack of education is one of the important reasons of the migration from rural to urban areas. 5) If enough agricultural education is given to region habitants, natural resources to ensure the survival of future generations are protected.

Capital Flight and Transition Economies

Capital flight and calculation methods are one of concepts that could not been arrived at a consensus in economics literature. Capital flight is defined generally as transferring resident assets of countries to abroad. In addition, political and economic uncertainty and including all capital outflows done with speculative aims in this scope is more acceptable and appropriate approach. Definitional-level differences are the fundamental reasons of measuring methods and their results. When examining in terms of developing countries, it has been seen that regarding capital flights which fall in importance and amount relatively between second half of 1990s and 2000s have extended fast from current years. This situation is not different for economies in transition. Currently the analyses regarding capital flights draw attention with its results that support concerns about transition countries. In this context, calculation methods and the results obtained constituted a different research subject for transition economies. Our study has aimed to analyze of capital flight for 1995-2015 period in the context of selected economies in transition. In analyses, World Bank (WDR 1985) calculation method of capital flight was used. The results have differentiated according to calculation methods, also draw attention to significant increases especially in current years and support concerns regarding increase of capital flight. While our study makes political suggestions directed at decreasing capital flights of relevant countries, redraw attention to discussion in this context.

The Necessity of Diversification of Industry of Azerbaijan

The article reveals the benefits of diversification of industry, measures for overcoming of "curse of natural resources" in relation to the conditions of Azerbaijan and moving from the resource development industry in the country are studied there. This issue has three aims. Firstly, it is disclosure of necessity of diversification of industry, secondly - justification of the benefits of diversification, the third aim - the development of scientifically based recommendations for opportunities of diversification of the economy of the country. Two ways are used for fight against "curse of natural resources": backup of oil revenues in the State Oil Fund of the Azerbaijan Republic and the creation of the necessary political and economic institutions. The results of the research show that diversification is necessary in the countries depending on export of hydrocarbon resources. Diversification of economy of Azerbaijan should be directed to increase in human capital, development of infrastructure, support of financial institutions and stimulation of development of private business.

The Relationships between Military Expenditures and Unemployment in G-20 States

The effects of the military expenditure on the economic growth and consequently on the employment has been the primary topic of the discussing in the literature of economics. Considering that the military expenditures generally emerge as a sub-item of the public spending, it has been asserted by the liberal approach that the principle of the non-productiveness of the public sector would be even more applicable in the military expenditures. None the less, using the military spending as a tool to lead an economy that feature underemployment constitutes the positive aspect of the views to the military expenditure and this is also the case of the prediction of the Keynesian economy. In this study, the effects of the military expenditure on the unemployment, which is a reflection of the effects of the economic growth, are analyzed as the subject matter. The findings revealed that the military spending has positive effects on the unemployment in some G20 states while it also has negative effects in some and has neutral effects in others. In addition, it is further indicated that the positive effects are experienced in relatively advanced economies, the negative effects emerge in relatively less developed economies, and the countries with abundant natural resources experience neutral effects.

Economic Growth and Development Prospects of Agricultural Economics in Kyrgyzstan in Condition of Economic Integration

The evaluation of the current state of development of agrarian sector of the national economy and its competitiveness. Conceptual foundations of growth and development of the agricultural sector in the context of deepening integration. The recommendations for the strategic development of the sector in the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union. Particular attention is paid to the problems of reformatting the agricultural production structure, improve the regional and zonal specialization of agricultural production and the balanced development of agriculture. The directions of development of cooperation, integration links in a format forming a single food market. The mechanisms to improve the management system of competitive development of the agrarian economy of Kyrgyzstan.