Industrial Control as Programmable Controllers

Programmable controllers have come a long way since their original application in the control of the production of automobile parts. Todays programmable controllers are a viable tool when considering cost and ease of application for industrial manufacturing and process control systems. Paper published with permission.

Energy Review

Today almost 4 years after the Arab embargo confusion, conflict and lack of action are still the key words which describe a Nation’s energy policy. There are several questions and hopefully some answers that I’d like to address today about national energy policy. • What is illusion and what is reality about the energy “crisis”? • What will the President’s program accomplish and will it emerge as battered as the press would have us believe? • Why are we unable to develop a comprehensive energy program? • What are the key issues and decisions we must face up to? Paper published with permission.

Dietary Citrus Fibers

Limited quantities of dried juice sacs have been produced commercially in Florida since the late 1950’s. Several citrus processors have been involved in this production at one time or another and one well known processor is currently producing relatively small but significant quantities. Workers at the University of Florida’s Agricultural Research and Education Center at Lake Alfred, as well as at the USDA’s Utilization Research Labs at Winter Haven, Florida and Pasadena, California have been advocating this speciality by-product citing the tangible advantages of the higher return as compared to that of dried orange pulp for animal feed. At the same time they point out the intangible benefits of removing one of the major sources of air pollutants from the stack emissions of feed mills. Paper published with permission.

Irrigation Methods and Equipment for Production of Citrus in Florida

Florida citrus growers have perhaps the most challenging times ahead for decisions as to which supplemental irrigation method they should use. It is estimated that some 500,000 acres of approximately 875,000 acres of Florida citrus are now subject to irrigation by various methods. Of this total, 160,000 acres are under permanent overhead systems; 150,000 are under seepage or flood; 175,000 under portable pipe and guns; and 16,000 plus under drip. There are other reports that have drip up to 20,000 acres; however, the acreage of drip reported here does not include under-tree low volume spray-head type systems (some 4,000 acres), erroneously referred to as drip systems. Paper published with permission.

Pumping Viscous Liquids

Today I will attempt to generate some thoughts on handling viscous liquids with pumps. Hopefully these comments will be the start of much deeper investigations into solutions to some of the pumping problems we are now faced with. Paper published with permission.

Coal as a Fuel

I want to take a moment at the start of this paper to explain what this paper is and what it isn’t. This paper is not a highly technical paper with a great deal of engineering details but, rather, as the title indicates, an overview of coal. I will try to show during the presentation of this paper the differences between coal and the other fossil fuels and attempt to trace coal from its origin to the end point use. I will not attempt to discuss the end point use for your industry, and it will be presumptuous of me to do so as my experience with coal uses is centered entirely in the electric utility industry. Paper published with permission.

Recovery of Citrus By-Products and Specialty Products From Florida Citrus

The Florida Citrus Industry has come to realize that by-products and specialty products are important ingredients in the overall economic returns from citrus processing. The purpose of this paper is to show the potential recoveries of various commodities that can be produced from Valencia oranges, Marsh and Duncan grapefruit. It is hoped that these data will generate interest in improving present processes to obtain greater recoveries, and at the same time create a desire on the part of citrus processors to produce more sophisticated specialty products of greater economic value. Many different trade-offs and options are available in any given by-product operation, and it must be realized that not all of the products discussed can be produced simultaneously. Certainly future profits to a great extent, will be dependent on an adequate understanding of a more sophisticated by-product and specialty product technology. Paper published with permission.