Breaching the Interpretative Wall between Private and Public Commercial Contracts

From a purely contractual perspective, this article reflects upon labour standard clauses with the objective to ensure that the fundamental ILO conventions and the International Bill of Human Rights are complied with throughout global value chains in respectively business-to-business (private), and public commercial contracts. The clauses are in both settings based widely on the same standards; however scholarship on the two types of contracts has been quite separate. The article reviews some Scandinavian case law concerning labour standard clauses and procurement regulation. It finds that contractual argumentation supported the outcome in these cases, isolates this argumentation, and reflects on whether contractual perspectives on the public contract might inspire current research on private contracts. It finally argues that an actual fusion is already taking place, wherefore contract lawyers may play an important role as to whether ‘the interpretative wall’ should be breached, or whether this is not feasible due to the distinctive characteristics of each contract.

CLUN: Concentración por fusión de tres cooperativas lácteas en el cooperativismo agrario en Galicia

El sector lácteo gallego, pese a ser un sector estratégico, se ha caracterizado tradicionalmente por un minifundismo que puede restar potencial competitivo a las empresas que operan en él -muchas, bajo fórmula cooperativa-. En este trabajo se describe el proceso de concentración de tres cooperativas lácteas -Feiraco, Os Irmandiños y Melisanto- a través de la creación de la cooperativa de segundo grado Unión de Cooperativas Lácteas Unidas (CLUN). Este proceso, junto a la actual fusión pilotada por la cooperativa AIRA, contribuye a redibujar el cooperativismo agrario y el sector lácteo en Galicia.El estudio se inicia con una breve descripción del sector agrario, y más en concreto lácteo, en Galicia, contextualizándolo en la evolución del sector en España. A continuación se describe el proceso de creación de CLUN, como ejemplo de concentración en el cooperativismo agrario gallego. Se describen las diferentes entidades que confluyen en la organización resultante, incluyendo las diferentes perspectivas del proceso. Por último, se identifican los retos que debe afrontar CLUN a medio plazo, para finalizar con un conjunto de conclusiones y recomendaciones que identifican un conjunto de buenas prácticas que pudieran contribuir al éxito en este y otros procesos de concentración similares. A este respecto, debe señalarse que el 1 de enero de 2019 CLUN se conforma como cooperativa de primer grado, consolidándose la fusión de las tres cooperativas. Esto sugiere que el proceso de reordenación del cooperativismo agrario en Galicia sigue muy activo, lo que redunda en el atractivo de su seguimiento como objeto de análisis.

Ein In-vitro-Mausmodell für die Palatogenese und die Entstehung von Gaumenspalten

The mouse is an excellent model to study palatogenesis since, like humans, it is a mammal, it can easily be bred and a wide array of molecular tools are available. Moreover, the isolated embryonic mouse palate can be cultured in vitro, which allows us to study the actual fusion process in detail.Just prior to the actual fusion at E13, the maxilla with the 2 palatal shelves can be dissected from the embryo head. The maxilla is cultured on a filter paper on top of a stainless-steel grid at the interface of the culture medium and air. After 24 h in culture, the palatal shelves are in contact and the MES is clearly visible. At 48 h, the MES has nearly completely disintegrated with small remnants at the nasal and oral side of the palate. Finally, at 72 h, the palatal shelves are completely fused and osteoid tissue is beginning to form in the lateral areas.The exact downstream molecular mechanisms that lead to clefting are far from being unraveled. The model for palate fusion presented here offers the possibility to analyze the molecular and cellular mechanisms that lead to clefting as a result of specific genetic and environmental factors. This will pave the way to pharmacological intervention for the prevention of cleft lip and/or palate in susceptible individuals.

The Actual Fusion Technology Application in Automobile Service Teaching

With the development of vehicle maintenance and repair training teaching or training, how to use of equipment and instruments reasonably, improving teaching efficiency and effectiveness become important for the professional educators. In order to reduce the loss of training equipment, improve the quality of teaching and training, the actual fusion technology has become a research direction. Nakedness fusion technology is the virtual simulation and physical teaching organic combination, provides a good reference for the teaching and training. How to develop and use the actual fusion technology is emphatically expounded in this paper.

Atomic compression of the light element plasma to very high densities

The basic atomic principles that are critically important for the workability of actual fusion devices are considered. In particular, we discuss the central idea of atomic compression. The atomic compression means self-compression of the light-element plasma that is placed in an isolated cavity with a very hot plasma of heavy elements. The related radiation-driven ablative implosion of the cold light-element thermonuclear fuel is also briefly reviewed. We also discuss the secondary atomic compression that is used to improve thermonuclear combustion in the light-element plasma. A possibility to create thermonuclear explosive devices in which electromagnetic vacuum becomes unstable is analyzed briefly.PACS Nos.: 28.25.Cx, 28.50.Re, 52.50.Jm