Investigation of the Quasi-Static Penetration Resistance Behaviour of Carbon/Aramid Fibre-Reinforced PP Laminate

This work presents the experimental results of a quasi-static attempt at the penetration of hybrid and non-hybrid laminates reinforced with aramid and carbon fibres on a thermoplastic polypropylene matrix. The hybrid laminates were prepared in two fibre combinations: carbon–aramid–carbon (CAC), in which the carbon fibres comprised the outer (lining) layers, and aramid–carbon–aramid (ACA) with carbon fibres in their intermediate layers. A quasistatic penetration attempt was performed for two coefficients: SPR—support span to punch diameter ratio, (SPR = 2 and 5). The SPR = Ds/Dp was calculated as the ratio of the support (Ds) to the punch diameter (Dp). A punch with a rounded 9-mm diameter tip was used to penetrate the material. Percentage changes of penetration energy (%E) and of maximum load (%P) compared to a non-hybrid laminate with carbon fibres were calculated in order to estimate the impact of hybridisation on the properties of laminates. The maximum load recorded during a quasi-static penetration test was used to calculate the PSS (punch shear strength) of the laminates. The damage was observed after the penetration test. It was observed that both the order of layers of laminate reinforcement as well as the SPR coefficient used in the test influenced the obtained results and the laminate damage mechanism.

Single cell map of the human ovarian cortex

ABSTRACTThe human ovary orchestrates sex hormone production and undergoes monthly structural changes to release mature oocytes. The outer lining of the ovary (cortex) has a key role in defining fertility in women as it harbors the ovarian reserve. It has been postulated that putative oogonial stem cells exist in the ovarian cortex and that these can be captured by DDX4 antibody isolation. We analysed on a single cell level the transcriptome and cell surface antigen profiles of over 24,000 cells from high quality ovarian cortex samples from 21 patients. Our single cell mapping reveals transcriptional profiles of six main cell types; oocytes, granulosa cells, immune cells, endothelial cells, perivascular cells, and stromal cells. Cells captured by DDX4 antibody are perivascular cells, not oogonial stem cells. Our data does not support the existence of germline stem cells in adult human ovaries thereby reinforcing the dogma of a limited ovarian reserve.

Comparative anatomy of the uterine tube of human and laboratory white rat females

The world literature has accumulated a considerable amount of data to characterize the main components of the female genital system, functional relationships between them, as well as the links between this system and other systems of the organism. The relevance of the study is also due to the fact that in the structure of female infertility 6070% is occupied by a tubo-peritoneal factor. The problems associated with this pathology have been studied for more than half a century. Until now, information about the microanatomy of the fallopian tube of a human and, especially, of the female white laboratory rat is contradictory. The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the structural organization of the uterine tube of a human and female laboratory white rat. The article and analyzes the data of research conducted on 10 sexually mature white rats in females of reproductive age. The method of preparation was used, for the study of macroanatomy of the uterine tube of females, and also standard histological methods (cuts of the wall of the fallopian tube in the thickness of 5-7 microns, stained with hematoxylin and eosin). The external structure of the fallopian tube of the female rat and man has some differences. Unlike humans, the fallopian tube of a white laboratory rat has the appearance of a thin and short tubule, spirally twisted into a compact lump. In the fallopian tube of the female white rat, it is advisable to distinguish 2 parts: the funnel and the fallopian part. The uterine part connects to the uterine horn cavity of the uterine opening of the fallopian tube, and the fallopian tube opens into the cavity of the peritoneum to the surface of the ovary by the abdominal opening of the fallopian tube. Around the funnel of the fallopian tube, its mucous membrane is gathered in folds - the fringe of the fallopian tube and the ovarian fringe (in humans - one ovarian fringe), which are attached to the ovary. The diameter of the fallopian tube of the female white rat decreases in the direction from the funnel to the uterine part. In particular, in the area of the funnel, the diameter of the fallopian tube is 0.90±0.10 mm, and the diameter of the fallopian part is 0.70±0.09 mm. The uterine tube of a laboratory white rat, like a human, has a mesentery of the fallopian tube. Both in human and in female white rat, the wall of the fallopian tube consists of three layers: the inner lining is mucous, the middle lining is muscular, the outer lining is serous. It was established that the female uterine tube of a white rat in its macroscopic structure differs from the uterine tube of a person. The microscopic structure of human and the white rat female uterine tube is rather similar and, therefore, may serve as an object of the experimental modeling of certain pathological conditions of the reproductive system.

Effect of soft outer lining in pentafurcated duct

This paper describes the diffraction of the lowest plane wave propagating out of the opening of a semi-infinite hard duct that is symmetrically placed inside an infinite soft duct. The whole system forms a pentafurcated waveguide whose solution is given by eigenfunction expansion. The same method has been used to validate the results of a trifurcated duct problem previously tackled by using the standard Wiener–Hopf technique. Some graphical results showing the influence of waveguide spacing on the reflection coefficient are presented. We compared our results with the related existing work. We observe that the accumulative value of reflection for current pentafurcated duct is 1375.1, which is the greatest among the related trifurcated and existing pentafurcated ducts. Hence the soft lining on outer plates gives better results to attenuate the unwanted noise. These problems have application in acoustics.

Panel Board From Coconut Fibre And Pet Bottle

The rate of global deforestation and its impact on the environment has led particle board manufacture to search for alternative feedstock, especially in countries where wood is less available compared to other cellulosic natural product. Based on the properties of coconut fibre and PET bottle, these two materials can be recycle as raw material for manufacture of panel board. As for this study, the coconut fibre were used as the filler and PET bottle as outer lining of the panel board. Two types of coconut fibre were used which are grinding and un-grinding coconut fibre. At first, the coconut fibre are undergoes softening, grinding, drying and sieving process, while PET bottle was cleaning, shredding, sieving before compacted using hydraulic hot press machine. There are four types of testing that been carried out which are swelling, water absorption, Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR). The result show the conventional board has the highest value for MOE test, so it’s indicate that the conventional board is less strength from the coconut fibre board. As for water absorption test, the average water absorption of coconut fibre based panel board is less than conventional board. Overall, the coconut fibre board is better than conventional panel board because coconut fibre board are less swelling, has low water absorption, high modulus of rupture and low modulus of elasticity. Based on the finding, this coconut fibre panel board has potential as a stronger and long-lasting panel board than the conventional board in the market. Other than that, the panel also have their own aesthetic value since the recycled plastic bottle used as outer lining is colourful and giving aesthetic value.

A Study on the Sealing Behaviors of the Laterally One Side Restrained C-Ring Under Internal Pressure by Numerical Simulation

C-ring, which is one of the main sealing elements of Reactor Pressure Vessels, is composed of a close-wound helical spring surrounded by two metal linings. C-ring has better resilience and sealing characteristics. Just because of the complex structure of C-ring, it was studied by experiments almost. There were also some numerical simulations on C-ring. With these methods, the compression-decompression process of C-ring under ideal condition can be simulated. But them cannot be used to study the sealing behavior of laterally one side restrained C-ring under internal pressure, which is fit for practical condition. This paper will establish a 3D numerical simulation method to study the C-ring which is mentioned as above. In this paper, it can be obtained that with internal pressure forcing and sealing groove squeezing, sealing performance of C-ring will reduce; when p>20MPa, the ratio of reducing becomes bigger; when p>140MPa, it will generate leakage; inner lining and outer lining will generate biggish plastic deformation, while the stress distribution in spring changes much.

A narrative review of infections associated with personal service establishments Part II: Piercing and tattooing

In part II of our paper on personal service establishment services-related infections, we review bacterial, viral, and fungal infections related to piercing, tattooing, and body modification. Sixty-six studies were identified for piercing and tattooing-related viral and bacterial infections. No studies investigating fungal infections, or body modification service-related infections were identified. Bacterial infections, particularly, mycobacterium infections were commonly reported for piercing and tattooing, while viral risks were less well characterized, with the exception of tattooing related hepatitis B and C infections. Aside from localized infections at the pierced or tattooed site, a systemic infection involving the outer lining of the heart, infective endocarditis (IE), was also identified as an important health concern; those with pre-existing heart conditions are at highest risk of IE from invasive procedures. Both bacterial and viral outbreaks were linked to poor infection control procedures, and in two events, the use of municipal water to dilute tattoo ink was suspected as a source of mycobacteria leading to outbreaks of infection. The majority of studies identified were case reports; these studies provide only a limited understanding of infection pathways and do not allow for a quantitative estimation of risk. Despite important gaps in current knowledge, the available scientific literature can be used to support and inform the development of health-protective policies and practices in personal service establishments.

The Study on Outer Shift Lining Structure of Freezing Shaft in Aquiferous Instable Rock

Aiming at the supporting problems of inner shift lining of freezing shaft in the deep thick aquiferous soft rock of west area in China,the test result of frost heaving indicates:the frost heave of rack in west area is feeble,and freezing pressure is small,the design of outer lining mainly suffices thick require of thick wall cylinder structure .First, the model of reinforced concrete is designed and the test pieces are manufactured according to simlilarity theory, then,through loading test, the stress,strain and strength characteristics of this shaft lining structure are gained.the studied results can provide a reference for engineering application of this shaft lining structure.