Confiabilidad del instrumento Seguridad del Paciente en Administración de Medicamentos en Pediatría- Versión española

Objetivo: Evaluar las propiedades psicométricas en términos de confiabilidad del instrumento Seguridad del Paciente en la Administración de Medicamentos en Pediatria, versión española. Método: Estudio metodológico de evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas realizado con 25 enfermeras de las unidades pediátricas de un hospital peruano. Para evaluación de la homogeneidad (alfa de Cronbach) las enfermeras autocompletaron el instrumento de Seguridad del Paciente en la Administración de Medicamentos en Pediatria version española, compuesto por 9 dominios y 26 ítems; y para estabilidad (Test-retest de Wilcoxon) autocompletaron nuevamente el intrumento después de 30 dias de la primera recolección, para comparación de ambas medidas. Resultados: En la confiabilidad, el alfa de Cronbach, vario de 0,792 a 0,821, considerado un parámetro aceptable, presentando alta consistencia interna, manteniéndose los 26 ítems, en la versión final. En la estabilidad del instrumento, los dominios presentaron, en el test, media de 68,0 + 25,5 hasta 99,5 + 2,5; y en el retest 86,0 + 14,8 até 96 + 11,8. Se evidenciaron seis dominios sin diferencia significativa (p>0,05) entre test y retest. Conclusión: El instrumento presentó propiedades psicométricas que comprueban su confiabilidad, proporcionando subsídios para la práctica de enfermería más segura y permitiendo estandarización del cuidado en la administración de medicamentos. Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties in terms of reliability of the instrument Patient Safety in the Administration of Medicines in Pediatrics, Spanish version. Method: Methodological study of evaluation of the psychometric properties carried out with 25 nurses from the pediatric units of a Peruvian hospital. For the evaluation of homogeneity (Cronbach's alpha), the nurses completed the instrument for Patient Safety in the Administration of Medications in Pediatrics Spanish version, composed of nine domains and 26 items; and for stability (Wilcoxon test-retest), they autocompleted the instrument again 30 days after the first collection, for comparison of both measurements. Results: In reliability, Cronbach's alpha varied from 0.792 to 0.821, considered an acceptable parameter, presenting high internal consistency, maintaining the 26 items, in the final version. In the stability of the instrument, the domains presented, in the test, a mean of 68.0 + 25.5 to 99.5 + 2.5; and in the retest 86.0 + 14.8 I tied 96 + 11.8. Six domains were found without significant difference (p> 0.05) between test and retest. Conclusion: The instrument presented psychometric properties that prove its reliability, providing subsidies for safer nursing practice and allowing standardization of care in the administration of medications. Objetivo: Avaliar as propriedades psicométricas em termos de confiabilidade do instrumento Segurança do Paciente na Administração de Medicamentos na Pediatria, versão espanhol. Método: Estudo metodológico realizado com 25 enfermeiras das unidades pediátricas de um hospital peruano. Para avaliação da homogeneidade (alfa de Cronbach) as enfermeiras autopreencheram o SPAMP-vE, composto por nove domínios e 26 itens; e para estabilidade (Teste-reteste de Wilcoxon) autopreencheram novamente o intrumento após 30 dias da primeira coleta, para comparação de ambas medidas. Resultados: Na confiabilidade, o alfa de Cronbach, variou de 0,792 a 0,821, considerado um parâmetro aceitável, apresentando alta consistência interna, mantendo-se os 26 itens, na versão final. Na estabilidade do instrumento, os domínios apresentaram, no teste, média de 68,0 + 25,5 até 99,5 + 2,5; e no reteste 86,0 + 14,8 até 96 + 11,8. Evidenciaram-se seis domínios sem diferença significativa (p>0,05) entre teste e reteste. Conclusão: Instrumento apresentou propriedades psicométricas que comprovam sua confiabilidade, fornecendo subsídios para prática de enfermagem mais segura e permitindo padronização do cuidado na administração de medicamentos.

Effect of the Regimes of Machining Butting Edges on the Quality of Permanent Joints Made by Fusion Welding when Assembling Aircraft Titanium Structures

The article presents the results of the study of the effect of machining on the quality of permanent joints made by fusion welding. The effects of various types of machining (high-speed milling, cutting with guillotine shears, grinding) on the level of defectiveness of permanent joints made by automatic argon-arc and electron-beam welding have been determined. It was found that it is incorrect to assess the quality of machining butting edges for welding by the roughness parameter. The most acceptable parameter is the saturation by capillary-condensed moisture. It is shown that the thermal processes occurring during high-speed milling in the near-surface and surface layers, regardless of the roughness, lead not only to the minimum saturation parameter of capillary-condensed moisture (from 1.12 to 2.18), but also to dehydrogenization in the surface layer of the butting edges of future permanent joints. The obtained results of the research can be applied in technological processes of production of aircraft large load-bearing elements performed by welding.

Application of Vibrational Spectroscopy in Biology and Medicine. Breath Analysis

Vibrational spectroscopy is a powerful technique to study the molecular structure and dynamics. It has a great promise to use for medical diagnosis. It is already proved that volatile organic compound contain in breath, reflect the internal chemistry of the body. However, due to the lack of reliable investigation technique, identification and quantification of those molecules are not reached to clinically acceptable parameter. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) based vibrational spectroscopy has been used to investigate the breath sample. Molecular identification based component analysis of breath sample is proposed.

Activity Coefficients for Liquid Organic Reactions: Towards a Better Understanding of True Kinetics with the Synthesis of Jasmin Aldehyde as Showcase

The aldol condensation of benzaldehyde and heptanal is taken as an example of reversible liquid phase organic reactions to show that inclusion of activity coefficients reveal distinct differences in conversion and product distribution when different solvents methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, or n-butanol are used. The purpose of this work is to show a pronounced solvent effect for a given set of identical kinetic parameters, i.e., the same liquid phase kinetics can result in different conversion and yield values, depending on the choice of solvent. It was shown that subsequent parameter estimation without inclusion of the activity coefficients resulted in a pronounced deviation from the ‘true’ kinetics, up to a factor of 30. It is proposed that the usage of average activity coefficients gives already a significant improvement, resulting in acceptable parameter estimates.

Frequency Reliability Sensitivity and Robust Analysis for the Random Axial Vibration of Rod Systems

The paper is concerned with the frequency reliability sensitivity and related robust analysis problem for the random continuous vibration structure systems. Reliability analysis based on frequency is necessary for reliability problems of uncertain vibration structure systems. With the criterion that the absolute value of the difference between the natural frequency and forcing frequency, the reliability mode and the safety probability of the random systems are defined, and then The frequency sensitivity analysis method is quested by using the random perturbation technique, the reliability theory and sensitivity approach. Furthermore, the frequency reliability-based robust method of the random dynamic structural system was obtained by the robust and the optimization technology on the basis of frequency reliability and sensitivity design, which helped designers to establish acceptable parameter values and to determine the fluctuations of the parameters for the safe operations. Moreover, a numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method. This study established theory basis for sensitivity and robust evaluation.

Frequency Reliability-Based Robust Design of the Random Dynamic Structural Systems

The frequency reliability.method of avoiding resonance is proposed by the mechanical dynamics, stochastic finite element method, the reliability theory in the paper. Furthermore, the frequency reliability sensitivity method is presented based on the frequency reliability research, and the frequency reliability-based robust method is obtained by the robust and the optimization technology on the basis of frequency reliability and sensitivity design, which help designers to establish acceptable parameter values and to determine the fluctuations of the parameters for the safe operations. Moreover a numerical example is provided, the frequency reliability robust numerical results are obtained, which are in agreement with practice and demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.

Accuracy Analysis of Centroid Detection Method Used to Star Sensor

Star sensor is important equipment for measuring satellite attitude and motion, and star centroid detection accuracy is the basis of the overall accuracy of star sensor. In star sensors, slightly- defocus method is often adopted to acquire dispersive light spots so as to facilitate centroid detection, and certain motion blur can also be introduced because of the motion of satellites. In this paper, we analyzed several commonly-used centroid detection algorithms by using simulation experiment to study the influence of defocus and motion parameters on the accuracy of centroid detection algorithm and provided acceptable parameter value ranges.

Gauging the ungauged basin: how many discharge measurements are needed?

Runoff estimation in ungauged catchments is probably one of the most basic and oldest tasks of hydrologists. This long-standing issue has received increased attention recently due to the PUB (Prediction in Ungauged Basins) initiative. Given the challenges of predicting runoff for ungauged catchments one might argue that the best course of action is to take a few runoff measurements. In this study we explored how implementing such a procedure might support predictions in an ungauged basin. We used a number of monitored Swedish catchments as hypothetical ungauged basins where we pretended to start with no runoff data and then added different sub-sets of the available data to constrain a simple catchment model. These sub-sets consisted of a limited number of single runoff measurements; in other words these data represent what could be measured with limited efforts in an ungauged basin. We used a Monte Carlo approach and predicted runoff as a weighted ensemble mean of simulations using acceptable parameter sets. We found that the ensemble prediction clearly outperformed the predictions using single parameter sets and that surprisingly little runoff data was necessary to identify model parameterizations that provided good results for the "ungauged" test periods. These results indicated that a few runoff measurements can contain much of the information content of continuous runoff time series. However, the study also indicated that results may differ significantly between catchments and also depend on the days chosen for taking the measurements.