Influence of the Thermal Conductivity and Ambient Temperature Uncertainty on the Heat Losses through the External Wall

Numerous parameters assumed in the calculations of the buildings’ energy demand are uncertain. Therefore, calculations should be accompanied by determination of propagation of such uncertainties in the mathematical model. In the article, the influence of uncertainty of thermal conductivity and ambient temperature has been studied by means of the generalized perturbation stochastic finite element method and compared against the Monte Carlo results, indicating good accordance. Expected value and variance of heat flux on the internal side of the wall have been investigated. The perturbation stochastic finite element method is much more efficient than the Monte Carlo method for the analysed problem. The largest variance of temperature is noted in the node between the constructive layer and insulation.

Dynamic behavior of the macauba palm (Acrocomia aculeata) fruit-rachilla system using the stochastic finite element method

The search for alternative energy sources has fomented the study of several crops. The macauba palm crop, for instance, has been highlighted because of its particular relevance in Brazil due to its wide distribution across Brazilian territory and its potential for yielding high amounts of oil per cultivated hectare. However, the species is still most commonly harvested via extractivism, which results in low yields. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the dynamic behavior of the fruit-rachilla system when subjected to mechanical vibration to gather baseline information for the subsequent development of macauba harvesting machines. The fruit-rachilla system of the species was modeled for different fruit maturation stages and plant accessions. Natural frequencies and modes of vibration were determined by the stochastic finite element method (FEM), adopting the specific mass and the modulus of elasticity of the system as random variables, which enabled us to compile a dataset of natural frequencies based on the variability of the system properties. The mean values of the natural frequencies obtained in the vibration assays were 26.02 Hz at the green maturation stage and 21.22 Hz at the ripe maturation stage. The mean values of natural frequencies found in the simulation by stochastic FEM, referring to the third mode of vibration, were 26.05 Hz at the green maturation stage and 21.23 Hz at the ripe maturation stage. We concluded that the natural frequencies of the macauba fruit-rachilla system on the basis of different plant accessions showed a decreasing behavior during fruit maturation. The modes of vibration characterized by pendulum displacement did not differ among plant accessions or between fruit maturation stages.