Nonstationary holographic currents in a β-Ga2O3 crystal at wavelength λ = 457 nm

We report the excitation of nonstationary holographic currents in a monoclinic gallium oxide crystal. Although the crystal is almost transparent and insulating for a visible light, the dynamic space-charge gratings are recorded and holographic currents are observed for both the diffusion and drift modes. The anisotropy along the [100] and [010] directions is revealed, namely, there is a small difference in the transport parameters and a pronounced polarization dependence of the signal. The crystal’s photoconductivity, responsivity and diffusion length of electrons are estimated for the light wavelength λ = 457 nm.

Covert linear polarization signatures from brilliant white two-dimensional disordered wing structures of the phoenix damselfly

The damselfly Pseudolestes mirabilis reflects brilliant white on the ventral side of its hindwings and a copper-gold colour on the dorsal side. Unlike many previous investigations of odonate wings, in which colour appearances arise either from multilayer interference or from wing-membrane pigmentation, the whiteness on the wings of P. mirabilis results from light scattered by a specialized arrangement of flattened waxy fibres and the copper-gold colour is produced by pigment-based filtering of this light scatter. The waxy fibres responsible for this optical signature effectively form a structure that is disordered in two dimensions and this also gives rise to distinct optical linear polarization. It is a structure that provides a mechanism enabling P. mirabilis to display its bright wing colours efficiently for territorial signalling, both passively while perched, in which the sunlit copper-gold upperside is presented against a highly contrasting background of foliage, and actively in territorial contests in which the white underside is also presented. It also offers a template for biomimetic high-intensity broadband reflectors that have a pronounced polarization signature.

Decriminalization of articles of the Criminal code and the formation of "norms of revenge" in schoolchildren

In light of the upcoming decriminalization of minor offenses, the article considers the problem of formation of "norms of revenge" as one of the components of legal consciousness. The study of explicit representations of pupils of 5 th and 10 th grade and adults about the penalties for crimes of varying severity. Pupils have also investigated implicit beliefs. Among all groups surveyed understanding of the necessary terms of punishment for crimes does not coincide with the norms of criminal legislation, their ideas about the "rule of retaliation" involve a more severe punishment for almost all crimes, especially small weight. At the same time, adults and students adequately understand the hierarchy of seriousness of the offence. The gap between the explicit and the implicit ideas about the "rule of retribution" for the crimes was noted only in the youngest adolescents. In adults, compared to juveniles, there is a more pronounced polarization and differentiation of views on the measures necessary punishment for the crime. The conclusion is that in the process of education pay little attention to the formation of an adequate evaluation of the relationship to law students.

Supporting local economic development by infrastructure debt financing in the Republic of Serbia

The main goal of this paper is to establish grounds for a more efficient development of local communities taking into consideration their entire former development characterized by a pronounced polarization and territorial inequality of development exhibited among them in extreme proportions. In view of the insufficient and inadequate decentralization performed without a specific concept in the past, the authors aim to analyze the state of the local infrastructure within the framework of territorial organization offered by the latest regulations, as well as estimate the goals set in the last couple of years by the support programs related to the development of local infrastructure provided by the international institutions. The authors have a similar goal in that sense to provide sufficient argumentation for a quality distribution of local infrastructure and, accordingly, more efficient local development as a prerequisite for a more uniform regional development, especially in rural areas.

Contemporary demographic and functional transformations in the settlement net of Jadar

Demographic and functional changes in the settlement net of Jadar were analysed in the paper on the basis of theoretical and methodological approaches and quantitative indicators. Such analysis allowed the separation of common characteristics and classification of settlements on the basis of demographic and functional indicators. Industrialization, followed by urbanization and concentration of population and functions, led to a pronounced polarization of space. Distinct differentiation of Jadar among the urban core-Loznica, peri-urban-ring-suburbs and rural environment limits the steady socio-economic development.