Archaeological sites as a historical source: historiographical overview

As we know, the material objects of the past are the most important sources of historical science. Also, we are aware that material monuments were not immediately included in the orbit of interests of history. Archaeology is recognized as a field of history. It has come a long and difficult way from general evidence of the past and art history to an academic discipline with its base of sources, methodology and other inherent attributes of a full-fledged scientific unit. There are many works on the history of archaeology, archaeological thought and archaeological research of different scale and nature, where the material sources are historical, or this issue is ignored and the concept of «archaeological source» is openly emphasized. It reflects separative trends in archaeology. In the realities of the current day there is an urgent need to revise the prevailing views and perspectives in the understanding of material evidence as a historical source. It is more than obvious that it should begin with the historiography of the problem. In the present article the history of perception and use of material evidence as a source on the past of mankind is considered. For the completeness of the general presentation in the article a detailed historiographical excursus is carried out, which covers the period from antiquity to the present and considers facts of intentional, indirect, and contextual use of material remains in the reconstruction of the past.

Developing the hertz art–science project to allow inaudible sounds of the Earth and cosmos to be experienced

The Earth and atmosphere are in constant motion. Volcanoes, glaciers, earthquakes, thunderstorms, and even the aurora borealis produce powerful low-frequency sounds known as infrasound. Infrasound is constantly passing through our atmosphere at frequencies of less than 20 Hz, below the range of human hearing, which is effectively an inaudible symphony. Inspired by wanting to allow physical access to this natural phenomenon, a collaboration between the worlds of contemporary art and meteorology has been developed. This led to a project called hertz, named after the 19th century physicist Heinrich Hertz, whose surname provides the scientific unit (Hz) for frequency. Hertz explores the manifestation of the hidden vibrations of our own planet and the secret harmonies of our stars. The manifestation of the hidden vibrations of our own planet was principally achieved using a subwoofer and furniture adapted to vibrate to the amplitude of infrasonic waves from pre-recorded sources and in real time. The project's motivations are to explore new methods for experiencing and re-engaging with parts of our planet through this phenomenon. Hertz has had a UK national tour in which 7000 people interacted with the piece, of which approximately 85 % felt more reconnected to the environment after interacting with the installation. This paper describes the concepts, creative ideas, technology, and science behind the project. It addresses its development, including the steps to make it accessible for all, and examines its impact on those who created and interacted with the work.

Developing the hertz art-science project to allow inaudible sounds of the Earth and Cosmos to be experienced

The Earth and atmosphere are in constant motion. Volcanoes, Glaciers, Earthquakes, Thunderstorms and even the Aurora produce powerful low frequency sounds known as Infrasound. Infrasound is constantly passing through our atmosphere but contains frequencies below the range of human hearing, effectively an inaudible symphony. Inspired by wanting to allow physical access to this natural phenomenon, a collaboration between the worlds of contemporary art and meteorology has been developed. This led to a project called hertz, named after the nineteenth century physicist Henirich Hertz whose surname provides the scientific unit (Hz) for frequency. hertz explores the manifestation of the hidden resonances of our own planet and the secret harmonies of our stars. This was principally achieved using furniture adapted to vibrate with infrasonic waves from pre-recorded sources and in real time. The project's motivations are in exploring new methods to experience and re-engage with parts of our planet through this phenomenon. hertz has had a UK national tour in which several thousand people interacted with the piece. This paper describes the concepts, creative ideas, technology and science behind the project. It addresses its development, including the steps to make it accessible for all, and examines its impact on those who interacted with the work.

Assessment of the opportunities for development of a faculty in an academic and scientific unit

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to analyze the strengths and weaknesses as well as opportunities and threats of the scientific unit (Faculty) and assess the development possibilities of this unit. Design/methodology/approach: The main research problem undertaken concerns the analysis of the Faculty's Development Strategy based on the main source document which is the Faculty's Development Strategy for 2012-2020. Based on a specific research problem, the following hypotheses were formulated: effective management of the Faculty's operation influences the achievement of the set goal of the Faculty's development, efficient monitoring of the Department's strategy allows the organization to operate effectively, a properly prepared strategy should be based on the correct recognition of the potential of the organization and the environment. Findings: The analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats has allowed us to verify hypotheses and identify problems that the Unit may face in the future. Research limitations/implications: Based on the analysis of the Faculty's interior and surroundings, it should be stated that the Faculty's Development Strategy should be evaluated in the near future. A strategy monitoring system should also be developed taking into account the results obtained. Practical implications: The recommendation is to develop a staff development strategy, which may contribute to accelerating the independence of the Faculty and, consequently, to obtain doctoral rights. Originality/value: The article can be used by the Faculty authorities as a recommendation regarding the implementation of the Strategy and in making key strategic decisions.

Analysis of the opportunities to implement the BIZ-TRIZ mechanism

Aiming to strengthen cooperation between scientific entities and enterprises and to overcome related obstacles, the authors propose to create a mechanism of incentives called BIZ-TRIZ, which is an abbreviation for “TRIZ for Business”. This mechanism is used to support cooperation between scientific entities and companies. Close cooperation is achieved by implementing R&D&I services, which is the responsibility of the scientific unit operating for the benefit of the companies involved. Research services are used together with the scientific instrument that reflects achievements in the modern theory of innovative problem solving (TRIZ). The analysis was made using the Maritime University of Szczecin and SME-type companies as an example. This paper describes the basic assumptions concerning the implementation of the BIZ-TRIZ mechanism. Also, it presents the use of SWOT analysis, needs/stakeholder analysis and risk analysis for the implementation of the BIZ-TRIZ mechanism. The paper describes preventative actions for the most important implementation risks and discusses the results of the analyses. Finally, it introduces the main conclusions regarding the purpose of implementing the BIZ-TRIZ mechanism.

Corporate version of application technology of DrWeb anti-virus packages in scientific institutions

Present work describes the original technology of anti-virus products provision to the user’s team of the scientific unit on the example of the Federal state budgetary institution of science of the Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the well-known domestic antivirus agent Doctor Web. The technology is based on a separate Antivirus server and a number of software tools developed by the author. Among the users there are PCs of the global Internet, internal network, including their separate segments, as well as users of the DialUp segment. This technology was implemented in CEMI RAS since 2003 and has been successfully operated for more than 15 years. The maximum number of users exceeded 200 PCs and servers. The monograph was approved for publication by the Academic board of the Federal state budgetary institution of science of the Central Economics and Mathematics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

The Department of Pathology at the German Primate Center from 1973 to 1999

The Department of Pathology was the first scientific unit established at the German Primate Center (DPZ) already in its planning phase. At that early time the planning of administrative duties was also necessary, including the financial framework of the laboratory equipment of the then-envisioned three departments of pathology, virology and physiology, in order to get the DPZ off the ground. Otherwise the functions of the Department of Pathology were both service duties and scientific evaluations. The service functions after the establishment of the DPZ included pathological, bacteriological and parasitological examinations/surveys and the veterinary care of nonhuman primates at the DPZ and other primate colonies. On an international level its service functions were reflected by the collaboration within the Office International de Epizooties (OIE, Paris) (Dollinger et al., 1996) and the Infectious Diseases Working Group of the European Association of Zoo and Wildlife Veterinarians, and the establishment of a bacteriological laboratory in Iquitos, Peru, at the request of the Pan American Health Organization. Parallel to those administrative and service duties to the DPZ and to international communities, the different scientific activities started, which in a pathology department always are a combination of service and research. They are documented by a total of almost 120 publications, including 3 doctoral theses and 116 publications by the author from 1973 to 1999; the most important ones are summarized in the following examples.