Onion yield and its dependence on plant density in vegetable crop rotations on Ergenin Upland chestnut soils

Abstracts. The years of experiment were from 2016…2020 in a farm on the Ergenin Upland chestnut soils in Volgograd region. The experiments were placed in five fields of vegetable crop rotation with the total area of 165 ha. During the presented period, a competitive test was carried out to identify the most productive samples of onions. The objects of the study were samples -the zoned variety Volgodonets (control variety) of domestic selection, hybrids of foreign selection Pandero F1, Benefit F1, Valero F1, Manas F1. It was found that hybrids give more than twice the yield over the control variety in almost all the variants. But the most optimal and more productive in all cases proved to be option No. 2 hybrid Benefit F1 with the parameters: the seeding rate of 1,000,000 pcs of seeds per hectare with viability of 97.31%, which provided for harvesting 973,100 plants per hectare and achieved a yield of 143.41 t/ha on average for repetitions in 2020. Thus, we can conclude that the seeding rate is 1,000,000 pcs of seeds per hectare in the conditions of chestnut soils of the Ergenin Upland is optimal in the conditions of the existing agricultural technology.

The elements of productivity and their contribution to high level of crop yield (based on spring barley researches)

The analysis of long-term data showed that in various agrometeorological conditions, the average yield of the selected numbers of the competitive test was 6.76 t/ha and varied from 6.15 t/ha for the line 4/3-12h 933 to 7.04 t/ha for the Noble variety. The maximum yield was shown in 2016 in the varieties Znatny, Nadezhny and breeding lines 30/3-12h 983 and 135/2-12h 1068 at the level of 8.91 to 9.52 t/ha. The differences between the samples in terms of the level of crop structure elements were revealed. In the group of high-yielding genotypes, breeding lines 141/1-09 h 746, 135/2-13 h 1068, 4/3-12 h 933 were distinguished, the weight of 1000 grains in which was 1.7-5.6 g higher than the average value. Ranking by the complex of the most important productivity characteristics determined the high breeding value of Yaromir, Nadyozhny, Znatny varieties and lines 30/3-12h 983, 135/2-13h 1068 as a source material for breeding to increase the yield of new varieties.

On the issue of winter triticale selection improvement in the Central region non-Black Earth area conditions

In the conditions of the Moscow region, in 1993-2020, more than 1.0 thousand Triticale Wittmack cultivars were studied, including new varieties and lines, by using diallel crossings (DIAC) (5 × 5) and other field and laboratory experiments. Tests of varietal samples in DIAC in 2011-2012 using the method of Hayman (1954) showed that the traits of winter triticale are characterized by an additive-dominant inheritance scheme. The dominant genes made the main contribution to the increase in productivity traits, and the prospects of a particular cross-breeding combination depended on their concentration. In the competitive test (CSI) in 2015-2020, the best productivity was found in the Gera variety - 8.15 t/ha (the standard one is 7.29 t/ha). It is shown that over the past 25 years in the Federal Research Center “Nemchinovka” created more than 25 varieties of winter triticale, 12 varieties submitted to the State Register, 6 varieties are now in production, including variety Nina, released in 2013 for the Central region and combines with Samara Research Institute of Agriculture variety Capella, made to the State Register from 2019.

Petropavlivska – a new variety of edible buckwheat, with increased seed productivity and adaptivity in the conditions of the Forest-steppe

Actuality. Buckwheat is a valuable food crop with unique medicinal and dietary properties of cereal and the ability to reduce radiation damage, traditional for Ukraine. Despite this, the sown area under buckwheat is insufficient to meet the needs of the population of our country. Under the conditions of climate change, breeders face an acute question regarding the creation of competitive, highly productive varieties of edible buckwheat with increased adaptive potential. Goal. Based on the results of the competitive test of 2018–2020, to select the best high- yielding breeding sample with increased adaptive potential to biotic and abiotic environmental factors in the conditions of the northern part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Research methods. Field, laboratory, measuring and weighing. Processing the results of experimental studies was performed using Microsoft Excel 2010. Results. According to the results of the competitive test of 2018-2020 selected a breeding sample p-4/13, which over the years of competitive testing significantly exceeded the standard by 95% probability, variety Olha, and proved to be a highly productive population with high adaptive potential. This population in 2020 was transferred to the Ukrainian Institute of Plant Variety Examination for state qualification examination (Application № 20008003 dated 10.11.2020) as a new variety of buckwheat Petropavlivska. Conclusions. A highly productive, early- ripening, determinant variety of edible buckwheat Petropavlivska was created, with biological grain yield of 2.2–2.5 t / ha, weight of 1000 grains of 28.9 g, grain uniformity of 85–88%, grain yield of 72%, protein content of 14,7–15.2%. The variety is resistant to lodging and shedding.

The comparative productivity of spring rape varieties and hybrids in the conditions of the North Kazakhstan region

Research objective is to determine the optimal seeding rate of varieties and hybrids of spring rape for seeds in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. The subject of research are varieties and hybrids of spring rape. On the experimental fields of the Esil State Grain and Feed Varietal Testing Site located in the Republic of Kazakhstan, North Kazakhstan Region, Esil District, the village of Yavlenka in 2019-2020 years, a competitive test of spring rape was carried out, represented by 5 varieties: Geros, Maykudyk, Hunter, Machaon and 3 hybrids: Caliber, Bilder, GEN0009. The main accounts and observations were carried out according to the approved methodology of the state variety testing. The carried out researches established that seed productivity of rape plants is in close interrelation from meteorological conditions of the vegetative period and studied variants of experience. After studying the seeding rates, we came to the conclusion that the greatest productivity is provided by rapeseed with a seeding rate of 2.0 million and 2.5 million. germinating seeds, and with an increase in the seeding rate, the yield decreases, from the presented samples over the years of testing, the Maykudyk variety and the Builder hybrid were selected, which distinguished themselves by a constant and full-fledged harvest, unlike other tested samples.

Promising breeding material of winter triticale in the conditions of the Middle Urals

The research was carried out in 2012-2018 in test sowings of the Ural Agricultural Research Institute– branch of the FSBSI Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences with the aim to obtain promising high-yielding, locally adapted breeding samples of winter triticale. We used interverietal hybridization and evaluation of hybrids F1-F4, selection and sowing of ears and plants in breeding nurseries. Evaluation of promising lines on plots of 5-10 m2 according to generally accepted methods. Breeding samples of winter triticale were obtained, the yield of which reached 6.8-7.0 t/ha and was 15-19% higher than the standard - Bashkirskaya korotkostevelnaya (5.9 t/ha). The winter hardiness of the best samples was at the level of 80-90 % and exceeded the standard (72 %) by 12-18 %. Samples were found that exceeded the standard by the number of grains in the ear, the weight of 1000 grains, the ear productivity and the content of raw protein in the grain. The selected hybrid samples are evaluated in a competitive test and propagated in isolated areas.

Validation of the Short Dark Triad in a German Sample

The structure, correlates, and assessment of the Dark Triad are widely discussed in several fields of psychology. Based on the German version of the Short Dark Triad (SDT), we add to this by (a) providing a competitive test of existing structural models, (b) testing the nomological network, and (c) proposing an ultrashort 9-item version of the SDT (uSDT). A sample of N = 969 participants provided data on the SDT and a range of further measures. Our competitive test of five structural models revealed that fit indices and nomological network assumptions were best met in a three-factor model, with separate factors for psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism. The results provided an extensive overview of the raw, unique, and shared associations of Dark Triad dimensions with narcissism facets, sadism, impulsivity, self-esteem, sensation seeking, the Big Five, maladaptive personality traits, sociosexual orientation, and behavioral criteria. Finally, the uSDT exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties. The highest overlap in expected relations between SDT and uSDT, and convergent and discriminant measures was also found for the three-factor model. Our study underlines the utility of a three-factor model of the Dark Triad, extends findings on its nomological network, and provides an ultrashort instrument.

Promising selection of onions in the South of Russia

В последние десятилетия требования к новым сортам и гибридам репчатого лука существенно возрастают. Современные сорта и гибриды лука репчатого должны обладать стабильными проявлениями основных хозяйственно ценных признаков при разных условиях выращивания. Приоритетное направление в селекции лука репчатого – не только селекция на продуктивность, но и на скороспелость, пригодность к транспортировке, которые включают в себя комплекс признаков (округлая форма луковицы, ее плотность, прочность прикрепления кроющих сухих чешуй). Важный признак – лежкость луковиц при хранении, для чего ведется селекционная работа на высокое содержание сухого вещества и сахарозы. Цель работы – создать новые сорта и гибриды лука репчатого для юга России с комплексом хозяйственно полезных признаков. Исследования проводили в 2015–2020 годах в открытом грунте на Бирючекутской овощной селекционной опытной станции – филиал ФГБНУ ФНЦО, расположенной в Ростовской области. Почвы в опытах – черноземы обыкновенные. Мощность гумусового горизонта 70 см. Содержание гумуса в пахотном слое 4,2%. Погодные условия в годы проведения опытов были типичными для климатической зоны юга России. Климат – континентальный, с безморозным периодом более 260 дней, жарким и засушливым летом и относительно короткой и теплой зимой. За годы исследований был собран разнообразный материал из разных регионов мира. Собранные сорта и гибриды оценивали по наличию ценных признаков и свойств, на их основе создавали линейный материал источников и доноров признаков, востребованных в селекционных программах. Из лучших линий сформирован банк источников и доноров наиболее важных признаков – коллекция в количестве 100 образцов. Среди изученных образцов лука репчатого были выделены генисточники ценных признаков для различных направлений селекции культуры в условиях юга России. Наиболее устойчивые к региональным стрессам генотипы включали в гибридизацию, а также на их основе создавали линейный материал. Параллельно шла сортовая и гетерозисная селекция. По результатам конкурсного испытания выделился образец GL-5 Л 40 (Титан), который был передан в Государственное сортоиспытание. In recent decades, the requirements for new varieties and hybrids have increased significantly. Modern varieties and hybrids of onion should have stable manifestations of the main economic and valuable characteristics under different growing conditions. Priority areas in the selection of onions are not only selection for productivity, but also for precocity, suitability for transportation, which include a set of characteristics (the rounded shape of the bulb, its density, the strength of attachment of the covering dry scales). An important feature is also the keeping quality of bulbs during storage, for which breeding work is conducted for a high content of dry matter and sucrose. The aim of this work is to create new varieties and hybrids of onion for the South of Russia with a complex of economically useful characteristics. The study was performed on Birutchecutskaya Vegetable Experimental Station – branch of FSBSI FSVC, located in the Rostov region in 2015–2020 in the open field. The soils in the experiments are ordinary black earth. The thickness of the humus horizon is 70 cm. The humus content in the arable layer is 4.2%. Weather conditions during the experiments were typical for the climate zone of southern Russia. The climate is continental, with a frost-free period of more than 260 days, hot and dry summers, and relatively short and warm winters. Over the years of research, various materials from different regions of the world have been collected. The collected varieties and hybrids were evaluated based on the presence of valuable traits and properties on their basis, a linear material of sources and donors of traits that are in demand in breeding programs was created. From the best lines, a bank of sources and donors of the most important features is formed – a collection of 100 samples. Among the studied onion samples, sources of valuable traits for various areas of culture selection in the South of Russia were identified. The most resistant genotypes to regional stresses were included in hybridization, and linear material was created on their basis. In parallel, there was varietal and heterosis selection. According to the results of the competitive test, a sample of GL-5 L 40 (Titan) was produced, which was transferred to the State variety testing.

Development of acid-resistant winter rye Kiprez variety

The current trend of winter rye breeding for the conditions of northern agriculture is development of aluminum and acid-tolerant cultivars. Studies were carried out in the central zone of the Kirov region in 1991-2019. The complex natural provocative background was used (aluminum ion content 25.5-26.7 mg/100 g of soil at a pH of salt extract 3.6-3.8; annual epiphytotic development of pink snow mold Microdochium nivale (Fr.). Winter-resistant and adaptive cv. Kirovskaya 89 served as the initial material. A rigid natural provocative background made it possible to select the best plants (500 pieces) that were transplanted in spring to an isolated area. Subsequent negative selections, field and laboratory assessments made it possible to create the Kiprez population. During the period of 1995-2013 population reproduction was carried out on a provocative background and 5 cycles of negative selection with simultaneous study in competitive varietal testing on two soil backgrounds. The first selection cycle contributed to an increase in the yield of the new population under conditions of edaphic stress over the original cv. Kirovskaya 89 by 12.6%; the second and third by 19.5 and 29.3%, respectively. Further selection did not show a significant effect. Since 2010, the further improvement of the cv. Kiprez has been carried out using individual-family selection and paired crosses. A multi-year competitive test (2014-2019) showed the advantage of the cv. Kiprez over the standard and the initial cultivar. The average yield increase to the Kirovskaya 89 variety under conditions of slightly acidic soils (pH − 5.3-5.7; Al3+ − 5.0-6.5) was 0.50 t / ha (Kirov) and 0.75 t/ha (Falenki); in the conditions of edaphic stress − 1.91 t / ha (Falenki). A combination of aluminum- and acid tolerance of the cultivar with drought resistance was revealed. In 2014, with a moisture deficit (31% of the norm) in the grain filling and ripening phase, cv. Kiprez exceeded significantly the cv. Falenskaya 4 (standard) by 0.82 tons/ha (19.1%) in a acidic background; initial cv. Kirovskaya 89 - by 1.97 tons/ha (62.7%). Cv. Kiprez is recommended for cultivation on low-fertile soils in harsh hydrothermal conditions of northern agriculture.