the Disorders of Emotional and Volitional Spheres in Preschool Children with Speech Pathology

Objective:To study the peculiarity of emotional and volitional spheres in preschool children with speech pathology.Methods:250 children aged from 2 to 7 years old with speech pathology were examined. the following kinds of speech disorders were educed: impressive speech disorders - 9,2 %, expressive speech disorders - 31,2%, mixed speech disorders - 59,6 %. Due to the seriousness of the speech disorders the children were divided into 3 groups.Results:The educed disorders develop in the following psychopathological syndromes: neurotic, autism-like, hyperdynamic. in 62% of children with impressive speech disorders the autism-like syndrome was marked, and in 38 % both the autism-like and the hyperdynamic syndromes. in 74 % of children with expressive speech disorders the hyperdynamic syndrome was marked and in 26 % the neurotic syndrome. All the 3 syndromes were educed in children with mixed speech disorders however if in the structure of speech disorder a sensorial component prevailed then the autism-like syndrome was found. with the predominance of a motor component there were both hyperdynamic and neurotic syndromes. Direct dependence of intensity of these syndromes on seriousness of speech disorders was educed.Conclusions:The results of the research show, that children with speech pathology at preschool age have already the disorders of emotional and volitional spheres which influences the development of the personality of a child and contributes to the reinforcement of negative forms of reaction.

Myocardial involvement in diabetes mellitus: echocardiography data

Echocardiographic parameters of the central and intracardiac hemodynamics were analyzed in 67 patients with compensated diabetes mellitus of types I and II of 2 to 6 years standing. The control group consisted of 30 subjects. The increase of the minute volume, stroke volume, specific power of the left ventricle, and reduction of total peripheral resistance were revealed in both groups of patients. These shifts are characteristic of a hyperkinetic type of central hemodynamics. The hyperdynamic syndrome was due to left-ventricular hypertrophy in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes and due to increased heart rate and the rate of circulatory shortening of myocardial fibers in patients with the insulin-dependent condition. Impaired diastolic function presenting as an increase of the end diastolic volume and a reduced rate of relaxation of the left-ventricular posterior wall myocardium were observed in all the patients, no matter what the type of the condition. The above shifts are predictors of a reduction of myocardial contractility, responsible for the grave and atypical course of coronary disease in diabetics.