scholarly journals Myocardial involvement in diabetes mellitus: echocardiography data

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
Ye. I. Sokolov ◽  
A. P. Zayev ◽  
R. P. Olkha ◽  
T. P. Morozova ◽  
S. A. Zhizhina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Minute Volume ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Control Group ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
Myocardial Fibers ◽  
Hyperdynamic Syndrome

Echocardiographic parameters of the central and intracardiac hemodynamics were analyzed in 67 patients with compensated diabetes mellitus of types I and II of 2 to 6 years standing. The control group consisted of 30 subjects. The increase of the minute volume, stroke volume, specific power of the left ventricle, and reduction of total peripheral resistance were revealed in both groups of patients. These shifts are characteristic of a hyperkinetic type of central hemodynamics. The hyperdynamic syndrome was due to left-ventricular hypertrophy in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes and due to increased heart rate and the rate of circulatory shortening of myocardial fibers in patients with the insulin-dependent condition. Impaired diastolic function presenting as an increase of the end diastolic volume and a reduced rate of relaxation of the left-ventricular posterior wall myocardium were observed in all the patients, no matter what the type of the condition. The above shifts are predictors of a reduction of myocardial contractility, responsible for the grave and atypical course of coronary disease in diabetics.

scholarly journals Effects of Long-term Nonylphenol Exposure on Myocardial Fibrosis and Cardiac Function in Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Liu ◽  
Chengyu Ni ◽  
Weichu Liu ◽  
Xiaolian Yang ◽  
Renyi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Myocardial Fibrosis ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Anterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Environmental Estrogens ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cardiac Structure ◽  
Collagen Iii

Abstract Background: Myocardial fibrosis is a critical pathological basis for the poor prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. Studies have found that myocardial fibrosis is closely associated with exposure to environmental estrogens such as nonylphenol (NP), as a representative of environmental estrogens. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of NP chronic exposure on myocardial fibrosis as well as cardiac structure and function. Forty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10): control group (C), low NP dose (0.4 mg/kg, L), medium NP dose (4 mg/kg, M), and high NP dose (40 mg/kg, H) groups. The NP dose groups were gavaged with NP for 180 days. Results: The NP level in the heart of the NP groups was significantly higher than those in the control group (F = 43.658, P < 0.001). Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase isozyme (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (α-HBDH) significantly increased in the NP groups compared with the control group (). Histopathological examination of the heart biopsy illustrates that in the medium and high NP groups, the fibrous connective tissue had a disordered and loose gridding shape, muscle fibers had fractured, and muscle fibers were loose with a widened gap. Extensive inflammatory cell infiltration and fibroblast proliferation in the myocardial interstitium were also found. With increasing NP dose, the degree of muscle fiber loosing and disorder became more significant in the NP treatment groups, and the collagen volume fraction (CVF) was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the expression of collagen I and collagen III increased significantly in the medium and high NP groups (P < 0.05). The values of the systolic thickness of the left ventricular anterior wall (LVAWs), the diastolic thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall (LVPWd), the systolic thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall (LVPWs), and the left ventricular anterior wall (LVAWd) in the NP groups are were slightly lower than those in of the control group. The values of left ventricular end systolic dimensions (LVIDs) in the NP groups increased compared with the control group. Conclusions: Long-term NP exposure could lead to fibrosis in the rat myocardium, which is characterized by increased expressions of myocardial collagen I and collagen III, as well as elevated cardiac enzymes. In addition, the cardiac structure was affected and changes were observed in the thinner ventricular wall and as an enlarged ventricular cavity.

scholarly journals Parameters of cardiac hemodynamics in patients with diabetes mellitus with impairment of renal function

HYPERTENSION ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
I.I. Topchiy ◽  
O.N. Kirienko ◽  
P.S. Semyonovykh ◽  
D.O. Kirienko ◽  
O.I. Tsygankov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Currently, diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex global problem, which is increasing every year. So, in 2019, diabetes mellitus was detected in 463 million adults (from 20 to 79 years old) in the world. And the main cause of death in patients with diabetes mellitus is cardiovascular complications. The study was aimed investigate the features of functional and structural changes in the heart in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and nephropathy. A total of 98 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were examined, out of which 78 patients had diabetic nephropathy (DN) of varying severity. The control group consisted of 20 healthy patients. After a clinical examination, depending on the state of renal function, all patients were divided into the following groups: group I — patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without signs of nephropathy (n = 36), group II — patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albuminuria (n = 33), group III — patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with decreased GFR and albuminuria (n = 29). To study changes in hemodynamics and structural parameters of the heart, patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography on an ULTIMA PA ultrasound machine (Radmir, Ukraine) using a sectoral phased transducer with a frequency range of 2–3 MHz according to the standard technique based on the recommendations of the American Echocardiographic Society. To determine indexing indicators, the patients underwent anthropometric measurements. Patients with DN and albuminuria and decreased GFR showed an increase in the linear dimensions of the heart in comparison with controls and patients without signs of nephropathy. With DN, patients have a significant increase in left ventricular mass and a significant increase in the detection rate of left ventricular hypertrophy up to 91.3 % in patients with albuminuria and preserved renal function and up to 100 % with a decrease in GFR.

Chronic exercise and left ventricular structure and function in healthy human subjects

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Wolfe ◽  
R. P. Martin ◽  
D. D. Watson ◽  
R. D. Lasley ◽  
D. E. Bruns
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
Fitness Training ◽  
And Function

Twelve healthy well-trained participants in a supervised exercise program (mean age, 41.3 yr) were compared with 12 sedentary control subjects (mean age, 38.9 yr) with physical characteristics similar to the exercised group (EG) before training. Resting echocardiograms revealed significantly lower heart rates (HR) in the EG compared with control group (CG) but no evidence for cardiac structural differences between groups. Radionuclide angiograms performed at rest and during two levels of supine cycling (HR targets: 120 and 140 beats X min-1) resulted in increases in background-corrected end-diastolic counts [EDC(bc)] and confirmed use of the Frank-Starling mechanism in the majority of subjects. Mean values (+/- SD) for ejection fraction (EF) and normalized peak systolic ejection rate (PSER) (P greater than 0.05 between groups) were the following. (Formula: see text) The results suggested that fitness training does not induce significant cardiac enlargement as apparent from measurements at rest or important changes in contractile state during exercise. Increases in exercise stroke volume with such training may be the result of an increased end-diastolic volume.

Effects of arterial input impedance on mean ventricular pressure-flow relation

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (6) ◽  
pp. H978-H983 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Maughan ◽  
K. Sunagawa ◽  
K. Sagawa
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Impedance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Left Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Pressure Flow ◽  
Inotropic State ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
State Compliance ◽  
Slope Change

The mean left ventricular pressure-flow relationship (Pv-Fv), determined under a constant preload and variable peripheral resistance, has been proposed as a quantitative representation of ventricular pump function (9). We determined the Pv-Fv relation in seven isolated cross-perfused canine hearts by varying resistance of a simulated arterial load in five steps from 6.0 to 0.375 mmHg X s X ml-1 while keeping end-diastolic volume, inotropic state, compliance, and characteristic impedance at various constant values. All of the 27 Pv-Fv relations thus determined were moderately nonlinear. Varying end-diastolic volume at three levels shifted the relation curve in an approximately parallel fashion (P less than 0.0001). At three levels of inotropic state (mean LVP of isovolumic contractions 34.3 +/- 8.2, 48.0 +/- 6.3, and 59.2 +/- 9.6 mmHg), the Pv-Fv relation shifted with predominantly a slope change (P less than 0.0001). Changing compliance at three levels (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 ml/mmHg) caused a statistically significant but quantitatively small crossover of the Pv-Fv curves (P less than 0.0001). Changing characteristic impedance to 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mmHg X s X ml-1 caused a highly significant (P less than 0.0001) divergence of Pv-Fv relation over the high Fv range. We conclude that this sensitivity of the Pv-Fv relation to characteristic impedance limits its use as a contractility index.

scholarly journals Valsartan Reduces Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Ovariectomized Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-371
Author(s):  
Hong Ding ◽  
Ning-ying Li ◽  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Pan-pan Zhang ◽  
Jing Yu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Sham Control ◽  
Ovx Rats

Abstract Objective To investigate the effects of valsartan on left ventricular mass, function, and oxidative stress in ovariectomized spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods Twelve-week-old female SHRs were randomly divided into ovariectomy (OVX) control (n = 12), OVX + valsartan (n = 12), sham control (Sham, n = 13), and Sham + valsartan (n = 14) groups. Valsartan (30 mg/kg/day) or double-distilled water was given by oral gavage. After 12 weeks of valsartan or water treatment, left ventricular wall thickness and function, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were assessed. Results There was a significant interaction between ovariectomy and valsartan on interventricular end-diastolic septum thickness (IVSTd), end-systolic interventricular septum thickness (IVSTs), left ventricular end-diastolic posterior wall thickness (LVPWTd), and left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) (P &lt; 0.05). Valsartan treatment in OVX rats decreased IVSTd, IVSTs, LVPWTd, and LVPWTs compared to OVX control (P &lt; 0.05). Compared with Sham + control group, LVESP and ±dP/dt of LV were decreased while LVEDP was increased in OVX + control group (all P &lt; 0.05). After valsartan treatment, LVESP and ±dP/dt of LV were increased and LVEDP was decreased in ovariectomized rats (all P &lt; 0.05). Ovariectomy decreased GSH and SOD levels and increased 8-OHdG levels, which were reversed by valsartan treatment (all P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion Valsartan treatment decreases oxidative stress, reduces LV hypertrophy, and improves cardiac function in overiectomized SHR.

Usefulness of the ACTEL Score to Predict Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Cryptogenic Stroke

Cardiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Muscari ◽  
Pietro Barone ◽  
Luca Faccioli ◽  
Marco Ghinelli ◽  
Marco Pastore Trossello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Cryptogenic Stroke ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
Electrocardiogram Monitoring

Introduction: To assess the probability of undetected atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with ischemic stroke, we previously compared patients who were first diagnosed with AF with patients with large or small artery disease and obtained the MrWALLETS 8-item scoring system. In the present study, we utilized cryptogenic strokes (CS) as the control group, as AF is normally sought among CS patients. Methods: We retrospectively examined 191 ischemic stroke patients (72.5 ± 12.6 years), 68 with first diagnosed AF and 123 with CS, who had undergone 2 brain CT scans, echocardiography, carotid/vertebral ultrasound, continuous electrocardiogram monitoring and anamnestic/laboratory search for cardiovascular risk factors. Results: In logistic regression, 5 variables were independently associated with AF, forming the “ACTEL” score: Age ≥75 years (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.18–4.96, p = 0.02; +1 point); hyperCholesterolemia (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.18–0.78, p = 0.009; –1 point); Tricuspid regurgitation ≥ mild-to-moderate (OR 4.99, 95% CI 1.63–15.27, p = 0.005; +1 point); left ventricular End-diastolic volume <65 mL (OR 7.43, 95% CI 2.44–22.6, p = 0.0004; +1 point); Left atrium ≥4 cm (OR 4.57, 95% CI 1.97–10.62, p = 0.0004; +1 point). The algebraic sum of these points may range from –1 to +4. For AF identification, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.80 (95% CI 0.73–0.87). With a cutoff of ≥2, positive predictive value was 80.8%, specificity 92.7% and sensitivity 55.9%. Conclusions: The ACTEL score, a simplified and improved version of the MrWALLETS score, allows the identification of patients with first diagnosed AF, in the context of CSs, with a high positive predictive value.

Progressive cardiac dysfunction with repeated pacing-induced ischemia: protection by AICA-riboside

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (5) ◽  
pp. H1570-H1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Young ◽  
K. M. Mullane
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Wall Motion ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Regional Myocardial Blood Flow ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Progressive Decline

The effects of repeated episodes of demand-induced ischemia on regional myocardial wall thickening, endocardial electrogram, and regional myocardial blood flow are not well delineated. We studied the cumulative effects of six periods of pacing-induced ischemia in 35 chloralose-anesthetized dogs with circumflex coronary stenosis. Repetitive ischemia of the posterior left ventricular free wall was induced with six 5-min pacing periods separated by 15-min recovery periods. The three groups of dogs studied were 1) saline control, 2) the purine precursor 5-aminoimidazole 4-carboxamide riboside (AICA-r), and 3) nitroglycerin (NTG). During the initial pacing period (before treatment), thickening of the posterior wall declined in the saline group (43 +/- 5% of control), the AICA-r group (47 +/- 8% of control), and the NTG group (55 +/- 3% of control), associated with endocardial S-T segment elevation and a decrease in subendocardial blood flow. Wall thickening continued to decrease in each group with each successive pacing episode. However, during the sixth pacing period wall thickening was significantly (P less than 0.05) less in the saline group (2 +/- 5% of control) than in the AICA-r (31 +/- 7% of control) or NTG (61 +/- 7% of control) group. The progressive decline in wall thickening was accompanied by a further decrease in subendocardial blood flow and a rise in S-T segment in the saline group but not in the AICA-r or NTG group (P less than 0.05). These results demonstrate that sequential periods of ischemia and reperfusion cause a progressive decline in regional wall motion, coincident with a progressive decrease in subendocardial blood flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Elevated vascular resistance and afterload reduce the cardiac output response to dobutamine in early growth-restricted rats in adulthood

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (9) ◽  
pp. 1374-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislava Zohdi ◽  
M. Jane Black ◽  
James T. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Increased Risk

Epidemiological studies have linked intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) with an increased risk of CVD later in life. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of maternal protein restriction on cardiac function in adulthood during dobutamine (DOB) stimulation. IUGR was induced in Wistar Kyoto dams through administration of a low-protein diet (LPD; 8·7 % casein) during pregnancy and lactation; the control group received a normal-protein diet (NPD; 20 % casein). At 14 weeks of age, cardiac function was assessed in male and female NPD (eight females and eight males) and LPD offspring (ten females and ten males) by pressure volumetry using an anaesthetised closed-chest approach. We determined mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate and left ventricular pressure–volume indices under baseline conditions and DOB stimulation (2 and 4 μg/kg per min). During β-adrenergic activation in LPD offspring, increases in cardiac output (CO, P < 0·018) and stroke volume (SV, P < 0·005) were attenuated in comparison with NPD offspring, while increases in ejection fraction and the maximal rate of ventricular pressure development were not affected. LPD females maintained a smaller end-diastolic volume (P < 0·017). MAP did not differ between the groups and did not change significantly during DOB infusion. Arterial elastance and total peripheral resistance decreased in all rats but remained significantly elevated in LPD offspring (P < 0·015 and < 0·01). Early growth restriction did not affect ventricular contractility but led to an increased afterload and impaired the ability to increase SV and CO during β-adrenergic stimulation.

scholarly journals Coupling of the Functional Stability of Rat Myocardium and Activity of Lipid Peroxidation in Combined Development of Postinfarction Remodeling and Diabetes Mellitus

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Afanasiev ◽  
D. S. Kondratieva ◽  
T. Yu. Rebrova ◽  
R. E. Batalov ◽  
S. V. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rat Myocardium ◽  
Functional Stability ◽  
Postinfarction Remodeling ◽  
Adaptive Ability

Coupling of the functional stability of rat myocardium and activity of lipid peroxidation processes in combined development of postinfarction remodeling and diabetes mellitus has been studied. The functional stability of myocardium was studied by means of the analysis of inotropic reaction on extrasystolic stimulus, the degree of left ventricular hypertrophy, and the size of scar zone. It was shown that in combined development of postinfarction cardiac remodeling of heart (PICR) with diabetes mellitus (DM) animal body weight decreased in less degree than in diabetic rats. Animals with combined pathology had no heart hypertrophy. The amplitude of extrasystolic contractions in rats with PICR combined with DM had no differences compared to the control group. In myocardium of rats with PICR combined with DM postextrasystolic potentiation was observed in contrast with the rats with PICR alone. The rats with combined pathology had the decreased value of TBA-active products. Thus, the results of study showed that induction of DM on the stage of the development of postinfarction remodeling increases adaptive ability of myocardium. It is manifested in inhibition of increase of LPO processes activity and maintaining of force-interval reactions of myocardium connected with calcium transport systems of sarcoplasmic reticulum of cardiomyocytes.

Central Adaptations in Aerobic Circuit Versus Walking/Jogging Trained Cardiac Patients

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard S. Goodman ◽  
Donald C. McKenzie ◽  
Colin R. Nath ◽  
Wolfgang Schamberger ◽  
Jack E. Taunton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radionuclide Angiography ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Circuit Training ◽  
End Diastolic Volume ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Systolic And Diastolic Function

This study was done to determine (a) whether in coronary artery disease (CAD) left ventricular (LV) adaptations differed after 6 months of walking/jogging (legs-only, LO) versus aerobic circuit training (arms and legs, AL) versus a control group, and (b) whether a transfer of fitness to the untrained arms in the LO group was related to superior LV adaptations. Peak oxygen uptake for arm and leg ergometry and for cycle ergometry using radionuclide cardiac angiography were performed before and after training. Leg and arm [Formula: see text] peak increased significantly by 13% in the AL group, and by 13% and 7%, respectively, for the LO group. LV function was greater after training for the LO versus the AL group. Improvements in systolic and diastolic function and a speculated hypervolemia explain these LV adaptations. In CAD patients, walking/jogging produces greater LV function improvements versus circuit training, possibly due to differences in the exercised muscle mass. Key words: cardiac rehabilitation, arm and leg ergometry, end-diastolic volume, stroke volume, radionuclide angiography

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