Comparison the Effect of Eight Weeks Pyramid Resistance Training With two Patterns on Bio-motor Ability and Anthropometrical in Wrestlers

Objective: Wrestling is a fast-paced activity in which resistance training is essential to improve athlete performance. We evaluated the effect of comparison of the effect of eight weeks resistance training with two patterns of pyramidal and inverse pyramidal on bio-motor ability, Anthropometrical and skill profile of freestyle wrestlers. Methods: In this semi experimental study, 24 male freestyle wrestlers were randomly assigned into two groups [pyramidal (n=12) and inverse pyramidal endurance (n=12)]. The pyramidal and inverse pyramidal resistance training included (8 weeks, 3 times per a week, 60 minutes per session). Bio-motor ability, Anthropometrical and skill profile were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. Paired and independent sample t-test were used to compare within and between-group means and the results were tested at the significant level P<0.05. Results: Training lead to changes on weight, body mass index, body fat percent, maximum power into pyramidal and inverse pyramidal groups (P<0.05). Anaerobic power, explosive power, muscular endurance increased significantly in both pyramidal and inverse pyramidal patterns. There were significant differences in the between-group mean changes in the variables of weight, body mass index and muscular endurance between the two experimental groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Resistance exercises with pyramidal and inverse pyramidal patterns led to significant weight loss, body mass index, body fat percentage, and improvement of skill profile and biometric indicators. Therefore, using both types of training may have a positive effect on wrestlerschr('39') performance indicators.

Magnetic properties of a new cobalt hydrogen vanadate with a dumortierite-like structure: Co13.5(OH)6(H0.5VO3.5)2(VO4)6

The magnetic properties of a novel cobalt-based hydrogen vanadate, Co13.5(OH)6(H0.5VO3.5)2(VO4)6, are reported. This new magnetic material was synthesized in single-crystal form using a conventional hydrothermal method. Its crystal structure was determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data and was also characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Its crystal framework has a dumortierite-like structure consisting of large hexagonal and trigonal channels; the large hexagonal channels contain one-dimensional chains of face-sharing CoO6 octahedra linked to the framework by rings of VO4 tetrahedra, while the trigonal channels are occupied by chains of disordered V2O4 pyramidal groups. The magnetic properties of this material were investigated by DC magnetic measurements, which indicate the occurrence of antiferromagnetic interactions.

The effect of ownership concentration on non-financial information mandatory disclosure: Evidence from Italy

This study investigates the relationship between non-financial information (NFI) mandatory disclosure and ownership concentration in the Italian context, which is characterized by pyramidal groups and high ownership concentration. Hence, the intent is to understand to what extent NFI mandatory disclosure might be related to ownership concentration. In pursuing this objective, the empirical research examines 141 listed Italian companies that are obliged to prepare their NFI in accordance with Italian Legislative Decree 254/2016. The study addresses the following research method. First, the research develops an NFI disclosure score based on a dichotomous approach following a quantitative content analysis of the 2017 non-financial statements to assess their level of compliance. Then, it develops a multivariate regression analysis to test whether or not, and if so, to what extent, ownership concentration affects the disclosure of NFI. We aim to enhance the academic debate in light of the path development of NFI disclosure under mandatory requirements and the increased awareness around responsible business practices. Moreover, it draws insights on the controversial results of the relationship between ownership structure and corporate social responsibility (CSR) when the disclosure around sustainability issues becomes compulsory.

Canada

Family-controlled pyramidal business groups were important in Canada early in the twentieth century, amid rapid catch-up industrialization, but largely gave way to widely held freestanding firms by mid-century. In the 1970s and early 1980s—an era of high inflation, financial reversal, unprecedented state intervention, and explicit emulation of continental European institutions—pyramidal groups abruptly regained prominence. The largest of these were politically well-connected and highly leveraged. The two largest collapsed in the early 1990s in a recession characterized by very high real interest rates. The smaller groups that survived were more vertically integrated and less diversified at the time. Widely held freestanding firms and Anglo-Saxon concepts of the role of the state soon regained predominance.

Are Family Firms Different in Choosing and Adjusting Their Capital Structure? An Empirical Analysis through the Lens of Agency Theory

<p>How do family firms choose and adjust their capital structure? A significant number of contributions have examined the problem from several angles but many issues remain a puzzle. We examine capital structure choices of family firms in Italy, a context characterized by high private benefits of control, separation between ownership and control, and diffusion of family-controlled pyramidal groups. Consistent with the agency-based models, family firms are found to be more leveraged than non-family counterparts as a result of their desire to hold control. We also find higher debt ratios in firms with a higher separation between ownership and control if and only if the firm is controlled by a family. This lends support to the fact that controlling families may want to allocate more debt to subsidiaries, where the separation is higher, in order to inflate assets under domination at the expense of minority shareholders, while controlling negative effects in case of bankruptcy of an affiliate. Finally, family firms are also found to behave differently when they adjust their debt ratio. We show that leverage persistence is higher in family firms because they bear higher adjustment costs as a result of higher agency costs of equity, but lower costs of deviating from the optimal debt level, because the tight links between controlling families and banks may allow family owners to negotiate deviations with banks more easily.</p>

Structure of Pb-rich chabournéite from Jas Roux, France

The crystal structure of a specimen of `Pb-rich' chabournéite from Jas Roux, Hautes-Alpes, France, with the chemical formula obtained by electron microprobe analysis of Ag0.04 (1)Tl2.15 (2)Pb0.64 (1)Sb5.12 (1)As5.05 (1)S17.32 (5), has been solved by X-ray single-crystal diffraction on the basis of 36 550 observed reflections (withFo> 4σFo) with a finalR1= 0.074. Pb-rich chabournéite is triclinicP1, with unit-cell parametersa= 8.5197 (4),b= 42.461 (2),c= 16.293 (8) Å, α = 83.351 (2), β = 90.958 (2), γ = 84.275 (2)°,V= 5823 (3) Å3. Its structural formula is close to [Tl2(Pb0.8Tl0.1Sb1.1)](Sb4.1As4.9)S17, withZ= 8. Its crystal structure is formed by the alternation of two pairs of slabs along thebaxis, deriving from the SnS and PbS archetypes, respectively. 104 independent cation sites and 136 S sites occur in the unit cell. Slab interfaces show the alternation, alongc, of Tl sites, ninefold coordinated, with Pb, Sb or mixed/split (Pb,Sb) and (Pb,Tl) sites. Within the slabs, 72 independentM3+sites (M3+= As, Sb) occur. ConsideringM3+—S bond distances shorter than 2.70 Å,MS3triangular pyramidal groups are condensed according to variousMmSnchain fragments (`polymers'). The solution of the crystal structure of chabournéite allows its comparison with the closely related homeotypes protochabournéite and dalnegroite.

Structure of the new mineral sarrabusite, Pb5CuCl4(SeO3)4, solved by manual electron-diffraction tomography

The new mineral sarrabusite Pb5CuCl4(SeO3)4 has been discovered in the Sardinian mine of Baccu Locci, near Villaputzu. It occurs as small lemon–yellow spherical aggregates of tabular crystals (< 10 µm) of less than 100 µm in diameter. The crystal structure has been solved from and refined against electron diffraction of a microcrystal. Data sets have been measured by both a manual and an automated version of the new electron-diffraction tomography technique combined with the precession of the electron beam. The sarrabusite structure is monoclinic and consists of (010) layers of straight chains formed by alternating edge-sharing CuO4Cl2 and PbO8 polyhedra parallel to the c axis, which share corners laterally with two zigzag corner-sharing chains of PbO6Cl2 and PbO4Cl4 bicapped trigonal prisms. These blocks are linked together by SeO_3^{2-} flat-pyramidal groups.