Estimation of radiological parameters associated with mining and processing of coastal sand in Binh Dinh province, Vietnam

In Vietnam mining industry is significantly contributing to the socio-economicdevelopment. For the industrialization, many kinds of minerals are being exploited and processed that caused the Earth surface to be disconcerted leading to the increase of erosion of soil that possibly carries radioactive nuclides of the natural radioactive chains. Mining could cause increasing radioactive background to the miners as well as to the public members around the mines. This paper presents radiological parameters associated with mining and processing ilmenite minerals in coastal sand for titanium for export in Binh Dinh province, Central Part of Vietnam.

Assessment of Radioactivity Level in the Terrestrial and Marine Organisms in Yangjiang and Its Adjacent Areas (China)

In order to assess the radioactive level in the terrestrial and marine organisms in Yangjiang and the adjacent areas, 90Sr, gross beta and gamma-emitting radionuclides (238U, 226Ra, 228Th, 226Ra, 40K, 137Cs, 51Cr, 55Fe, 54Mn, 58Co, 60Co and 65Zn) were analyzed from 2011 to 2012. The annual effective doses were estimated in the high natural radioactive background areas in Yangjiang (HBRAYJ). The specific activities of 238U, 228Th, 226Ra, 40K and 137Cs in all organisms were <0.05–5.20, 0.30–14.50, 0.11–3.58, 11.1–148.0 and <0.003–0.088 Bq/kg, whilst 51Cr, 55Fe, 54Mn, 58Co, 60Co, 65Zn and 110mAg were below the minimum detectable activity. 90Sr and gross beta specific activities were 20.0–143.0 and 0.021–0.316 Bq/kg. Results show that 228Th was significantly higher than 238U and 226Ra of natural U series in organisms due to the rich-Th soils in the HBRAYJ; 228Th, 226Ra, 40K, 137Cs and 90Sr were greatly lower than the limited concentrations in Chinese foods. The internal dose mainly contributes to natural 40K, 226Ra and 228Th. It is useful to provide some basic data and assess the radiological risk from the HBRAYJ and Yangjiang nuclear power plants in future.

MONITORING AND CHARACTERISATION OF NEW EVIDENCE OF NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES IN ROCK OUTCROPS IN PARAÍBA—BRAZIL

The radiometric monitoring carried out in the present study allowed the discovery of anomalous granite outcrops in natural radionuclides in the rural area of São Mamede in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. The characterisation study made it possible to determine maximum specific concentrations of approximately 199 kBq kg−1 of 238U, 85 kBq kg−1 of 226Ra, 26 kBq kg−1 of 232Th and 24 kBq kg−1 of 40K. Models for environmental dosimetry were applied, which resulted in obtaining the following quantities: radium equivalent (Raeq), indices of external (Hex), internal (Hin) and representative (Iyr) damage, and the effective outdoor dose (HE). The maximum results presented were approximately 123 kBq kg−1, 332, 562, 832, and 68 mSv y−1, respectively. Consequently, it was possible to define the region as of high radioactive background due to isolated rocky outcrops located in the rural area of the mentioned municipality.

HISTORICAL EVALUATION, REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF URANIUM MINING IN THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA

Meteorological elements affecting radioactive contamination of the environment, each indicator has a different weight in the formation of the radioactive background. The strongest influence on the spread of radioactive contamination have winds. Influenced also different rainfall and the permeability of the atmospheric layer to solar radiation reaching us. The other meteorological components have a negligible impact on the spread of radioactive rays, particles and isotopes and therefore in further research we will ignore them and will not recognize their influence on climate radioactive background. In the analysis of meteorological elements that influence the spread of radioactive particles and radioactive isotopes in Bulgaria are mainly analyzed winds and air currents that form in the airspace over Bulgaria. These are the main weather elements that most influence the climate of the radioactive background. Another element that influences is precipitation in its various manifestations - horizontal and vertical type and depending on the physical condition of the water. The other meteorological elements because of their vile influence of the radiation situation will exclude them from the factors shaping the natural indicators of the state of the atmosphere, water and pochvata.Analizat is made on the basis of detailed statistics on the direction and strength of the wind and air currents over the territory of Bulgaria in the last 30 years. In addition to daily data for the period after 2009 have used aggregated figures on the direction and strength of winds, and near the concerned areas and over throughout our country and in adjacent border areas. This data is used for a period of 20 years, which is enough to capture the trends of change of atmospheric masses and neighboring aquatic and terrestrial surfaces. I must point out that monitoring of air masses over the past 25 years gives us only the main trends and directions, but as we all know, these processes are too dynamic and not subject to cyclic steady repetition and prediction. So at the same time made extensive research and data processing should not disable the constant monitoring of our environment and its parametri.Kato main potential sources of radioactive contamination are discussed nuclear power in Europe. In analyzing the results of the forecast movements of air masses and spreading radioactive particles consequently observed that apart from the NPP "Kozloduy" and adjacent to Bulgaria Kozloduy "Black Water" at different intervals of time radioactive contamination may occur and result of an accident in other NPPs in Europe.

Radioactive Background of Granito Madeira, North Amazonas, Brazil

Radionuclides of natural origin are present in rocks and soils but have no homogeneous distribution in the soil of the Earth. Volcanic rocks have a higher concentration of uranium and thorium. Thus, sites with this type of origin present as radiological abnormalities. An example is the Planalto de Poços de Caldas in Minas Gerais. Another example is the Granito Madeira - a rock formation located in the Amazonas State, 350 km north of Manaus. This work presents the results of the natural radiation monitoring of Granito Madeira. 30,000 dose rates were collected with a sodium iodide scintillator transported on tracks within the Floresta Amazônica. These data were treated and georeferenced. As a result, an annual dose relative to gamma radiation of 6.0 mSv.year-1 was obtained. This information was represented in a frequency histogram and in a map of Granito Madeira.