Investigations of the Ground Settlements of a Subway Station Constructed by the Method of Burning Shallow and Dig Invisible of Tunnel Construction

Based on the practical engineering of the subway station constructed by shallow tunnel, according to the site monitoring data, it is concluded the regular pattern of ground settlement that constructed in CRD method. The longitudinal ground settlement curve affected by the spacing between step 1 and step 3 obviously, there are 5 phases in the curve: the first slow growth phase, the first rapid growth phase, the second slow growth phase, the second rapid growth phase and the stable phase; Although the time of the two rapid growth phases is short, the proportion of the ground settlement in these phases is about 65%-85% of the total ground settlement; it also can be known that basing on the practical monitoring curve, the zone of longitudinal ground settlement is about D on the method of CRD. The lateral ground settlement curve in line with the Gaussian curve, the settlement formula could be calculated according to Peck formula, on the base of these, this paper mainly discusses the relationship between K which means settlement trough width parameter and H/D , the results shows that when H/D is about 1.2, the K is minimum.

Malignant transformation of kissing nevus- a rare entity

Background: Kissing nevus is a congenital nevus in adjacent parts of the eyelids. Malignant transformation of kissing or divided nevi of the eyelids is rarely described. Objective: To report a very rare case of malignant transformation of kissing nevus with ocular and extraocular spread. Case: A 57- year- old man with 6/6 visual acuity in both eyes presented with a kissing nevus present since birth in right upper and lower eyelids which had a slow growth phase. The upper lid in the area of the nevus was thickened with a 20x12x15 mm black pigmented crusted hemorrhagic nodular lesions. The lower lid had a 6 mm black pigmented ulcerated lesion over the pre-existing nevus in the lateral third of the lid with full thickness infiltration. Another 5x4 mm pigmented lesion over the lower medial lid margin with a thickness of about 3 mm extended to the conjunctival side of the lower lid. Right sided pre-auricular and submaxillary nodes were palpable. A biopsy of tissue samples from the eyelid and pre-auricular nodes were consistent with malignant melanoma.Conclusion: Malignant transformation of kissing nevus is rare. It can spread to the conjunctiva, pre-auricular and sub-mandibular lymphnodes.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v4i2.6555 Nepal J Ophthalmol 2012; 4 (2): 329-332

Development of the grape berry. I. Effects of time of flowering and competition

In an experiment on field-grown Vitis vinifera cv. Muscat Gordo Blanco, six times of flowering were established by using early and late developers amongst primary and secondary bunches on winter- and spring-pruned vines. Repeated measurements of the diameters of marked berries and of refraction (�Brix) of the juice of sampled berries were used to calculate berry volume and weight of solutes per berry. In a second experiment the effect of competition between bunches was tested by thinning. The volume-time curves were similar until 25 days after flowering, after which they diverged markedly. The chief reasons for divergence were the different rates and timing of deceleration during the first growth cycle, and the different lengths of the slow growth phase: berries from late flowers decelerated quickly but had a prolonged lag phase. Some, though not all, of these effects could be attributed to competition between bunches on the same vine. The inceptions of the solute accumulation phase and of the second growth cycle were coincident within treatments. The rates of increase in �Brix were uniform between treatments, despite large differences in berry volume increase. Solutes per berry increased linearly for 40 or more days, but at diverse rates that were influenced chiefly by the rate of volume increase in the second growth cycle. In some cases, solutes per berry continued to increase after berries had stopped growing. Temperature summations over the interval from flowering to 17�Brix were not constant.

Growth and senescence of the grape berry*

Benzothiazole-2-oxyacetic acid (BTOA) was applied to bunches of grapes (Vitis vinifera cv. Shiraz) at different times during their development and its effect on their subsequent growth was followed by measuring changes in berry weight, reducing sugars, malate, and tartrate. It lengthened the slow growth phase of berry development and this delayed ripening. It had no effect on the course of the first or second rapid growth stages. Greatest response to a single application was obtained when BTOA was applied at the end of the first growth stage or during the first week of the lag phase. Two and three applications made at 2-weekly intervals lengthened the lag phase more than a single application. During the prolonged lag phase malate continued to increase and reached a higher maximum than in untreated grapes. No consistent effect of BTOA on the tartrate content of grapes was apparent. The response of grapes to treatment with BTOA and other auxins is discussed in relation to growth and senescence of the grape berry. * This work was initiated at the Australian Wine Research Institute, Glen Osmond, S.A. 5064, Australia.