Kesulitan Siswa dalam Memahami Teks Deskriptif Bahasa Inggris di SMAN 3 Langgam

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesulitan siswa SMAN 3 Langgam dalam memahami teks descriptive bahasa Inggris. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini kuantitatif deskriptif. Sebagai populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI SMAN 3 Langgam dengan sampel berjumlah 34 siswa kelas XI yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Data didapat dari hasil tes dan angket. Tes terdiri dari 40 pertanyaan dan angket terdiri dari 25 pertanyaan. Berdasarkan persentase jawaban hasil tes teks membaca bahasa Inggris menunjukkan ada delapan komponen pemahaman membaca. Enam diantaranya dikategorikan kesulitan level tinggi yaitu mengidentifikasi vocabulary, generic structure, factual information, reference, language feature, dan social function. Dua diantaranya dikategorikan sebagai kesalahan level sedang yaitu kesulitan dalam mengidentifikasi main idea dan inference. Siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami teks deskriptif bahasa Inggris disebabkan dua faktor yaitu faktor intrinsik dan ekstrinsik. Faktor intrinsik yaitu pengetahuan kosakata yang terbatas, masalah dengan mengingat informasi, kurangnya keakraban dengan materi pelajaran, kurangnya kefasihan dalam membaca, masalah dengan pemrosesan informasi setelah membaca yang tidak memadai. Faktor ekstrinsik yaitu penalaran verbal yang lemah, kesulitan memahami teks karena tingkat teks, penggunaan strategi membaca dalam proses belajar mengajar. Kata Kunci: Analisis, Kesulitan Siswa, Membaca, Teks Deskriptif

Designing an algorithm for supporting information generation process optimization

The paper considers the structural elements for an automated information reference decision support system (AIRDSS) in hierarchical multilevel complex organizational systems (HMLCOS). The task to ensure the functioning of the AIRDSS has been formulated. To solve it the main steps have been designated, which comprise the calculation of the importance coefficients for the supporting information (SI) elements and ordering of options based on a decision-maker’s preference followed by the choice of the utility prospective one. On the basis of the steps considered, the authors propose the algorithm to form the optimal structure of the AIRDSS procedural component’ elements for obtaining SI; the algorithm has a number of advantages: calculation simplicity for various experiments, a relatively simple formalization of expert knowledge into numerical values of importance.

Online sadržaji i usluge namijenjeni djeci na internetskim stranicama dječjih knjižnica u Hrvatskoj

<p><strong>Cilj</strong>. Cilj istraživanja u ovome radu bio je utvrditi postojanje sadržaja i usluga namijenjenih isključivo djeci na internetskim stranicama dječjih knjižnica u Hrvatskoj te odgovoriti na sljedeća istraživačka pitanja: postoje li i koje su vrste sadržaja (prema predstavljenom japanskom modelu) dostupne putem internetskih stranica dječjih knjižnica u Hrvatskoj i postoje li i koje su usluge za djecu dostupne putem internetskih stranica dječjih knjižnica u Hrvatskoj?</p> <p><strong>Pristup/metodologija/dizajn</strong>. U ovom je istraživanju provedena analiza online sadržaja internetskih stranica dječjih knjižnica u Hrvatskoj u sklopu svih dostupnih internetskih mjesta (bez iznimaka) narodnih knjižnica u Hrvatskoj. Ustanovljen je ukupan broj od 193 dostupna internetska mjesta narodnih knjižnica. Kriterij odabira internetskih stranica dječjih knjižnica u Hrvatskoj u ukupnom broju dostupnih internetskih mjesta narodnih knjižnica bile su one internetske stranice dječjih knjižnica u Hrvatskoj koje su nedvojbeno nudile online sadržaje i usluge namijenjene djeci, njih ukupno 32. Prilikom analize sadržaja internetskih stranica dječjih knjižnica u Hrvatskoj primijenjen je model CIRRI (Core Information Reference Research Instruction (CIRRI) Contents Model) koji su osmislili Kanazawa, Maruyama i Motoki.</p> <p><strong>Rezultati</strong>. Provedeno istraživanje ukazuje na činjenicu kako u odnosu na ukupan broj narodnih knjižnica u Hrvatskoj ne postoji znatan broj narodnih knjižnica koje na svojim internetskim stranicama nude sadržaje i usluge namijenjene djeci. Od svih dostupnih internetskih mjesta narodnih knjižnica u Hrvatskoj koje su pregledane i analizirane, bilo je moguće izdvojiti njih ukupno 32, a među izdvojene 32 rijetke su bile one internetske stranice dječjih knjižnica u Hrvatskoj koje su sadržajima i uslugama namijenjene isključivo djeci. Mnoge od njih teško je locirati u sklopu internetskih mjesta narodnih knjižnica jer nisu bile vidljivo istaknute, nisu bile redovito ažurirane i često su služile samo kao pokazatelji postojanja dječje knjižnice u prostorima narodne knjižnice te postojanja pojedinih stalnih programa pojedinih narodnih knjižnica za djecu koji se odvijaju u prostoru knjižnice. Rijetke su one internetske stranice dječjih knjižnica u Hrvatskoj za koje se može reći da zadovoljavaju potrebe djece za informacijama, znanjem i zabavom. Analizom sadržaja internetskih stranica dječjih knjižnica u Hrvatskoj moguće je zaključiti kako postoji znatan prostor za napredak u ponudi i organizaciji online sadržaja i online usluga za djecu.</p> <p><strong>Praktična primjena</strong>. Rezultate istraživanja moguće je primijeniti u procesu oblikovanja budućih internetskih stranica narodnih knjižnica uz pomoć primjera postojećih vrsta online sadržaja i online usluga.</p>

Parallel Development of Three Major Space Technology Systems and Human Side of Information Reference Services as an Essential Complementary Method

The first human footprints dated more than 1.9 million years ago; the Homo erectus era, “upright man,” marks the beginning of man's socio-economic historical development. It culminated in the Bronze Age, Iron Age, Industrial Revolution, and currently the Information Age. The current era has allowed rapid global communications and networking to shape modern society. Individuals are able to transfer information freely, with instant access to knowledge that would have been difficult or impossible previously. This chapter elaborates upon GIS/remote sensing: the highest echelon in ICT. It compares and contrasts the four globally used GIS systems of GOES, the Geosynchronous Orbiting Environmental Satellite; LANDSAT; SPOT, Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre; and the WorldView. Their temporal resolution, spatial resolution, spectral resolution, radiometric resolution, and their DEM characteristics are reviewed. The human side of information reference services in the form of TEK is alluded to.

Service of modern lexicograph: history of one name

The article examines the history of the name of the Ukrainian academic Lexicon card index and justifies the name “lexicographic electronic service” (LES) for the automated workplace of the modern lexicograph. LES is aimed at fulfilling fundamental lexicographic tasks and with development will become an information, reference, research, editing and publishing lexicographic system.

Combining Social Vulnerability and Physical Vulnerability to Analyse Landslide Risk at the Municipal Scale

In this work residents’ social vulnerability and buildings’ physical vulnerability of the Loures municipality (Portugal) were combined to locate the areas where the vulnerability is the highest, and to analyse the landslide risk. The social vulnerability of Loures was assessed using the Geographic Basis for Information Reference (BGRI) terrain units by combining sensitivity and lack of resilience based on the population and housing Census 2011 data. The physical vulnerability was assessed in a previous study based on an inquiry of a pool of European landslide experts and a sub-pool of landslide experts who know the study area. A matrix approach was used to cross the classes of the social and physical vulnerabilities. Finally, the landslide risk was analysed for each terrain unit considering the combined vulnerability, the buildings’ economic value and the landslide susceptibility for a specific landslide magnitude (3-metre-deep rotational slide). Results show that 0.9% of the population reside in the area of the municipality where 75% of the future landslide should occur, and 0.8% of the buildings of the municipality—which represent a value of EUR 146,170,000—are also located in this dangerous area. This approach is reproducible: the risk analysis can be applied for another magnitude scenario in Loures, and the combined vulnerability can be assessed in any Portuguese municipality thanks to the availability of the data.