Comparison of DNA Yield from Different Plant Materials of Plumeria sp. (Apocynaceae)

DNA extraction that gives good quantity and quality DNA is a basic step that must be completed for molecular studies, especially in DNA fingerprint imaging. The aim of this research was to find out the better quality and quantity of DNA extracted from different plant materials of frangipani cultivars (Plumeria sp.). Leaves and flowers were collected from Taman Jepun, Denpasar Bali. Fresh young leaves and flowers were used as plant materials as well as dried leaves (silica gel dried leaves) of Plumeria sp. This research used CTAB buffer with modification as lysis buffer. Purification techique used NucleoSpin® Gel and PCR Clean Up Kit. The results showed that the colour of DNA solution from fresh material was clear and the quantities of DNA from young fresh leaves were between 70-300 ng/µl. The DNA colour solution from flowers was also transparent with concentration between 0-40 ng/µl. DNA isolated from dry material resulted in brown solution with DNA quantity between 30-100 ng/µl and need to be purified to obtain clear DNA solution.

The Landscape Design of the Art Nouveau Style

<p><em><span lang="EN-US">The article describes some of the features of the development of landscape design in the Art Nouveau style and its application in the modern world. In particular, it presents the main features of the style, its appearance and the main masters, such as Antonio Gaudi. The Art Nouveau style has been widely used in modern life, as well as landscape design, which is expressed through a particular interpretation of the basic rules and compositional techniques, colour solution of small garden, plant selection and combinations thereof, types of decorative paving, small architectural forms and garden equipment.</span></em></p><p> </p>

The Influence of Colour Solution of the ETICS Surface on its Thermal Exposition

The colour solution of the surface of the façade is one of the basic factors for reaching the requested aesthetic and architectonic expression of the building. This target is sometimes reached by using very saturated tones of colours or changing dark and light tones on one façade. Such solution is often risky as one of the characteristics of dark colour tones is high absorption of solar and scattered radiation. Its thermal compound causes warming of the outer layers of the façade proportionally to the surface colour saturation. This consequence is very serious especially for thin-layer plaster of external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS) immediately exposed to dynamic effect of external environment temperature changes, which can be even increased by inappropriate colour solution of the ETICS surface. This paper focuses on evaluation of the influence of ETICS surface colouring on the thermal load.

The Mark VI Groundwater Standpipe for Measuring Seepage through Salmon Spawning Gravel

The groundwater standpipe is a length of pipe, pointed at one end, and has a number of perforations near the point. This is driven into the gravel, where the groundwater flows through it. The permeability of the gravel is measured by lowering the level of water inside the standpipe, one inch below the level outside, and measuring the rate of inflow. The apparent velocity through the gravel is measured in terms of the rate of dilution of a colour solution in the standpipe. A colour is introduced, and its rate of dilution determined from successive small samples taken at suitable intervals of time.Velocity data from the earlier models were erratic and the permeability calibration did not include the range encountered in nature. In the Mark VI model, the standpipe is open during measurements of permeability. During measurement of groundwater velocity, the colour dilution chamber is completely sealed, colour is introduced and withdrawn through a sphincter valve with a hypodermic syringe. The solution is stirred during the period of dilution.The criteria of the measurements have been reconsidered. The standpipe, auxiliary equipment, and procedure have been redesigned, and the new model recalibrated. All this resulted in some loss of simplicity, but the data are consistent and accurate within 5%. The equipment is still simple and rugged enough for field examination of salmon spawning redds.Complete details of design, construction, and procedure, for use in salmon spawning gravels are given in Appendices.