The Mark VI Groundwater Standpipe for Measuring Seepage through Salmon Spawning Gravel

1958 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1027-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. B. Terhune
Keyword(s):  
Small Samples ◽  
Apparent Velocity ◽  
Auxiliary Equipment ◽  
Groundwater Velocity ◽  
New Model ◽  
Hypodermic Syringe ◽  
Design Construction ◽  
Colour Solution

The groundwater standpipe is a length of pipe, pointed at one end, and has a number of perforations near the point. This is driven into the gravel, where the groundwater flows through it. The permeability of the gravel is measured by lowering the level of water inside the standpipe, one inch below the level outside, and measuring the rate of inflow. The apparent velocity through the gravel is measured in terms of the rate of dilution of a colour solution in the standpipe. A colour is introduced, and its rate of dilution determined from successive small samples taken at suitable intervals of time.Velocity data from the earlier models were erratic and the permeability calibration did not include the range encountered in nature. In the Mark VI model, the standpipe is open during measurements of permeability. During measurement of groundwater velocity, the colour dilution chamber is completely sealed, colour is introduced and withdrawn through a sphincter valve with a hypodermic syringe. The solution is stirred during the period of dilution.The criteria of the measurements have been reconsidered. The standpipe, auxiliary equipment, and procedure have been redesigned, and the new model recalibrated. All this resulted in some loss of simplicity, but the data are consistent and accurate within 5%. The equipment is still simple and rugged enough for field examination of salmon spawning redds.Complete details of design, construction, and procedure, for use in salmon spawning gravels are given in Appendices.

scholarly journals Research and Application of a Novel Nonlinear Grey Bernoulli Simpson Model for Short-Term Coke Production Forecasting

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Yubin Cai ◽  
Lanxi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Coke Production ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Short Term ◽  
New Model ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Production Policy ◽  
New Information ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Accumulation Method

Aims: As a basic energy source, coal occupies a leading position in the production and consumption of energy. If a reasonable coal energy production policy is to be formulated, effective forecasting is essential. Due to the lack of data, effective prediction with small samples has become the key to research. Study Design: A nonlinear grey Bernoulli Simpson model based on new information priority accumulation method is developed in this work to forecast the coke production in the Anhui China. The introduction of non-linear parameters makes the new model constructed with universality Place and Duration of Study: School of Science, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, between April 2021 and June 2021. Methodology: This paper has established the nonlinear grey Bernoulli Simpson model with new information priority accumulation. Based on the grid search optimization, the data is divided by the leave-out method to construct a nonlinear problem to solve the nonlinear parameters of the model. Finally, the new model established was applied to the forecast of coke production in Anhui Province, China. Results: The MAPE and RMSPE of the nonlinear grey Bernoulli Simpson model based on new information priority accumulation method are 1.86% and 2.58%, which are lower than other comparative models. Conclusion: The application research of coke production shows that the new model proposed in this paper has the advantage of high prediction accuracy, which indicates that this method has great potential in the short-term prediction of energy production.

scholarly journals Small-sized reverberation chamber for the measurement of sound absorption

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (328) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Del Rey ◽  
J. Alba ◽  
L. Bertó ◽  
A. Gregori
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Sound Absorption ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Small Laboratory ◽  
Manufacturing Costs ◽  
Reverberation Chamber ◽  
Test Errors ◽  
Design Construction

This paper presents the design, construction, calibration and automation of a reverberation chamber for small samples. A balance has been sought between reducing sample size, to reduce the manufacturing costs of materials, and finding the appropriate volume of the chamber, to obtain reliable values at high and mid frequencies. The small-sized reverberation chamber, that was built, has a volume of 1.12 m3 and allows for the testing of samples of 0.3 m2. By using diffusers, to improve the diffusion degree, and automating measurements, we were able to improve the reliability of the results, thus reducing test errors. Several comparison studies of the measurements of the small-sized reverberation chamber and the standardised reverberation chamber are shown, and a good degree of adjustment can be seen between them, within the range of valid frequencies. This paper presents a small laboratory for comparing samples and making decisions before the manufacturing of larger sizes.

scholarly journals THE PRO-AM OBSERVATORY

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
F. Espartero ◽  
M. Frías ◽  
G. Martínez ◽  
A. Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Astronomical Observatory ◽  
Auxiliary Equipment ◽  
New Model

A new model of astronomical observatory is presented, small and versatile, capable of satisfying the demands of professional and amateur astronomers: The PROAM Observatory. An auto-installing, low cost and easy to transport observatory has been designed, with light and resistant materials. It can house astronomical material, and auxiliary equipment in a reliable and safe way. It has a specific software, that allows us to control the observatory and to operate with all the equipment in remote or in automatic form.

The Hitachi Model HS-8 Electron Microscope

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 238-239
Author(s):  
H. Akabori ◽  
K. Nishiwaki ◽  
K. Yoneta
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
New Model ◽  
Predecessor Model

By improving the predecessor Model HS- 7 electron microscope for the purpose of easier operation, we have recently completed new Model HS-8 electron microscope featuring higher performance and ease of operation.

516: A Simplified Method to Estimate the Absolute Renal Uptake of 99MTC-DMSA: Evaluation with a New Model using the Radioactivity of Nephrectomy Specimens as Reference

2005 ◽  
Vol 173 (4S) ◽  
pp. 140-141
Author(s):  
Mariana Lima ◽  
Celso D. Ramos ◽  
Sérgio Q. Brunetto ◽  
Marcelo Lopes de Lima ◽  
Carla R.M. Sansana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Model ◽  
Renal Uptake ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
The Absolute

Applying the Anderson-Darling Test to Suicide Clusters

Crisis ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 434-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald W. MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Process ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
Homogeneous Poisson Process ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Suicide Clusters ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Anderson Darling

Background: Suicide clusters at Cornell University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) prompted popular and expert speculation of suicide contagion. However, some clustering is to be expected in any random process. Aim: This work tested whether suicide clusters at these two universities differed significantly from those expected under a homogeneous Poisson process, in which suicides occur randomly and independently of one another. Method: Suicide dates were collected for MIT and Cornell for 1990–2012. The Anderson-Darling statistic was used to test the goodness-of-fit of the intervals between suicides to distribution expected under the Poisson process. Results: Suicides at MIT were consistent with the homogeneous Poisson process, while those at Cornell showed clustering inconsistent with such a process (p = .05). Conclusions: The Anderson-Darling test provides a statistically powerful means to identify suicide clustering in small samples. Practitioners can use this method to test for clustering in relevant communities. The difference in clustering behavior between the two institutions suggests that more institutions should be studied to determine the prevalence of suicide clustering in universities and its causes.

The German Version of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS)

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heide Glaesmer ◽  
Gesine Grande ◽  
Elmar Braehler ◽  
Marcus Roth
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Factorial Invariance ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Life Scale

The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) is the most commonly used measure for life satisfaction. Although there are numerous studies confirming factorial validity, most studies on dimensionality are based on small samples. A controversial debate continues on the factorial invariance across different subgroups. The present study aimed to test psychometric properties, factorial structure, factorial invariance across age and gender, and to deliver population-based norms for the German general population from a large cross-sectional sample of 2519 subjects. Confirmatory factor analyses supported that the scale is one-factorial, even though indications of inhomogeneity of the scale have been detected. Both findings show invariance across the seven age groups and both genders. As indicators of the convergent validity, a positive correlation with social support and negative correlation with depressiveness was shown. Population-based norms are provided to support the application in the context of individual diagnostics.

Assessing Person Fit With the Information Matrix Test

Methodology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen Ranger ◽  
Jörg-Tobias Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Type I Error ◽  
Information Matrix ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Type I ◽  
Person Fit ◽  
Power Of The Test ◽  
Order Expansion ◽  
Trait Stability ◽  
Information Matrix Test

In this manuscript, a new approach to the analysis of person fit is presented that is based on the information matrix test of White (1982) . This test can be interpreted as a test of trait stability during the measurement situation. The test follows approximately a χ2-distribution. In small samples, the approximation can be improved by a higher-order expansion. The performance of the test is explored in a simulation study. This simulation study suggests that the test adheres to the nominal Type-I error rate well, although it tends to be conservative in very short scales. The power of the test is compared to the power of four alternative tests of person fit. This comparison corroborates that the power of the information matrix test is similar to the power of the alternative tests. Advantages and areas of application of the information matrix test are discussed.

Analyzing Stochastic Dependence of Cognitive Processes in Multidimensional Source Recognition

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 402-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Meiser
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Model Complexity ◽  
Multinomial Model ◽  
Stochastic Dependence ◽  
New Model ◽  
Multinomial Processing Tree ◽  
Cognitive States ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tree Models ◽  
Flexible Framework

Stochastic dependence among cognitive processes can be modeled in different ways, and the family of multinomial processing tree models provides a flexible framework for analyzing stochastic dependence among discrete cognitive states. This article presents a multinomial model of multidimensional source recognition that specifies stochastic dependence by a parameter for the joint retrieval of multiple source attributes together with parameters for stochastically independent retrieval. The new model is equivalent to a previous multinomial model of multidimensional source memory for a subset of the parameter space. An empirical application illustrates the advantages of the new multinomial model of joint source recognition. The new model allows for a direct comparison of joint source retrieval across conditions, it avoids statistical problems due to inflated confidence intervals and does not imply a conceptual imbalance between source dimensions. Model selection criteria that take model complexity into account corroborate the new model of joint source recognition.

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