Influence of Poultry Litter Amendment Type and Irrigation Events on Survival and Persistence of Salmonella Newport

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Newport is a bacterial foodborne pathogen isolated from several environmental reservoirs on the Delmarva Peninsula and has been associated with several produce-related outbreaks. However, little is known about specific interactions between Salmonella Newport and soil amendments used as fertilizers. The purpose of this study was to determine Salmonella Newport persistence and resuscitation in raw poultry litter (PLR), a common biological soil amendment, and in soils containing poultry litter–based (heat-treated poultry pellets [HTPP]) or chemical fertilizer (urea [U]) amendments to provide equivalent levels of nitrogen to the soil. Inoculated samples were stored in a growth chamber and irrigated regularly over 4 weeks. Soil samples were collected every week for 4 weeks to determine moisture content and surviving Salmonella Newport populations (log CFU per gram dry weight). Data were analyzed by using a one-way analysis of variance and Student's t test. The PLR supported significantly higher (5.07 log CFU/g dry weight [gdw]) populations of Salmonella Newport than HTPP only (1.70 log CFU/gdw). However, PLR-amended (PLRA) soil (2.5 log CFU/gdw) samples had significantly (P < 0.05) lower Salmonella Newport populations compared with HTPP-amended (4.5 log CFU/gdw) and U-amended (4.0 log CFU/gdw) soil samples. The effect of irrigation on Salmonella Newport population levels in PLRA soils was significant, and in a comparative study, the overall increase in the pathogen levels in U-amended soil (mean = 1.12 log CFU/gdw) was significantly greater than that in PLRA soil (mean = 0.54 log CFU/gdw), whereas that in HTPP-amended soil (0.80 log CFU/gdw) was not significantly different from PLRA soil. HIGHLIGHTS

Improving Non-wheat Flour Quality As a Form of Local Food Conservation

The growth rate of Indonesian population increases the community’s dependence on wheat flour which is wholly made from imported wheat. Local carbohydrate sources that can function strategically as food reserves are Indonesian traditional tubers and roots.Tubersandrootsalsocontainsomebioactivecompoundsthathavephysiological effects as antioxidants. The bioactive compounds found in these inferior local tubers are dioscorin, diosgenin, and phenol. These three types of bioactive compounds have been shown to have the ability to ward off free radicals. This study aims to developtuberproductsandincreaseaddedvaluethroughtheutilizationofappropriate technology and diversification of processed products. The study used sixteen types of traditional Indonesian tubers. The method used is to reduce the size of the tubers usingcrystallizationmethodandutilizetheblowersystemtocreatethewindfordrying system. The blowing facilitates the process of reducing the water content to improve the durability of the flour. The research applied the mixed method approach. The study was carried out in the laboratory. Data were analyzed using proximate analysis to determine moisture content, ash content, carbohydrate content, protein content and fat content. The results showed that the chemical content of Suweg flour with pregelatinization method at 70 ∘C for 60 min had the highest water, ash, and fiber content at 5.79%, 2.49%, and 43.73%, respectively; while the highest carbohydrate content obtained by heating for 10 minutes at 25.80%. In conclusion, traditional tuber flours are sufficient for the use of raw materials for the food industry.

Biosorpsi Ion Logam Tembaga (Cu2+) Pada Biosorben Rumput Laut Coklat (Padina australis)

The research on the biosorption of Cu2+ metal ions in brown seaweed biosorbent (Padina australis) has been done. This study aims to determine moisture content, ash content, biomass content, pH and optimum contact time of Cu2+ metal ions absorption pH and optimum contact time of Cu2+ metal ions absorption. The method used is batch method. The adsorption result of Cu2+ metal ions was analyzed by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that the optimum pH was 7 with 99.8308 % absorption ability of biosorbent and the optimum contact time was 5 hours with 99.5570 % biosorbent absorbency.

Medium Density Particleboard with Addition of Impregnated Paper

The aim of this research was to produce three-layer Medium Density Particleboard (MDP), with the addition of impregnated paper, in the inner layer, in proportions of 1; 5 and 20%. In this study, MDP was composed with particles of small size in outer layers, and larger particles in internal layer. After panel manufacturing, physical and mechanical tests based on Brazilian Code ABNT NBR 14.810 were carried out to determine moisture content; density; thickness swelling; water absorption; modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) in static bending and internal adhesion. Test results were compared to commercial panels, produced with 100% Eucalyptus, considering the requirements specified by Brazilian Code. Properties presented values close to normative specifications, indicating positively the possibility of production of MDP using addition of waste paper impregnated.