#YardFruits: Twitter as a Tool to Disseminate Horticulture Education during a Pandemic

Since late Mar. 2020, many universities halted normal operations due to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although extension uses many different techniques to educate consumers, it has been slow to grasp the power of social media. Faced with a dilemma of using digital methods instead of in-person field days, short courses, and workshops, Twitter was a viable alternative, especially for broad audience engagement. Tweet threads were posted on Twitter every Monday morning from 6 Apr. to 8 June 2020. Each thread consisted of 10 tweets. A hashtag #YardFruits was used to start the thread and for later reference. For the first nine threads only one fruit species was discussed per thread. The final thread consisted of single tweets of several species. Engagement percentage did not differ over time but did differ among the crop species. Tweets that did not include a photo received less engagement (2.7%) than those that did include a photo (4.7%). My Twitter account saw a 6.5% increase in followers during the series. Grape (Vitis sp.), passion fruit (Passiflora sp.), fig (Ficus carica), and pear (Pyrus communis) threads had the least engagement and were different from the Other Fruits thread. All other threads were similar. Extension educators can grow their influence by using well-targeted, focused tweets and tweet threads, especially those that use hashtags and photos.

Effects of Social Media on Enotourism. Two Cases Study: Okanagan Valley (Canada) and Somontano (Spain)

The aim of this article is to analyze the social media effects on enotourism. Two territories of similar extension and with historical coincidences in their development have been selected: the Okanagan Valley, Canada, and the region of Somontano, Spain. Methodologically, an analysis of the content on Twitter has been performed, collecting 1377 tweets. The conclusion is that wineries create sentimental and experiential links with the users, avoiding commercial communications. Specifically, Okanagan wineries establish a relevant conversation network on Twitter based on the high percentage of responses, which is 31.3%, but this is not so in the case of Somontano, which is 12.8%. The tourist attractions most used to create a bond are the wine landscape and the gastronomy in the case of both territories. The tourism sustainability variable remains a minor matter in the emission of messages on Twitter.

Simplest quartic and simplest sextic Thue equations over imaginary quadratic fields

The families of simplest cubic, simplest quartic and simplest sextic fields and the related Thue equations are well known, see G. Lettl, A. Pethő and P. Voutier, Simple families of Thue inequalities, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 351 (1999) 1871–1894, On the arithmetic of simplest sextic fields and related Thue equations, in Number Theory: Diophantine, Computational and Algebraic Aspects, eds. K. Győry et al. (de Gruyter, Berlin, 1998), pp. 331–348. The family of simplest cubic Thue equations was already studied in the relative case, over imaginary quadratic fields. In the present paper, we give a similar extension of simplest quartic and simplest sextic Thue equations over imaginary quadratic fields. We explicitly give the solutions of these infinite parametric families of Thue equations over arbitrary imaginary quadratic fields.

THE LOCAL NON-HOMOGENEOUS Tb THEOREM FOR VECTOR-VALUED FUNCTIONS

We extend the local non-homogeneous Tb theorem of Nazarov, Treil and Volberg to the setting of singular integrals with operator-valued kernel that act on vector-valued functions. Here, ‘vector-valued’ means ‘taking values in a function lattice with the UMD (unconditional martingale differences) property’. A similar extension (but for general UMD spaces rather than UMD lattices) of Nazarov-Treil-Volberg's global non-homogeneous Tb theorem was achieved earlier by the first author, and it has found applications in the work of Mayboroda and Volberg on square-functions and rectifiability. Our local version requires several elaborations of the previous techniques, and raises new questions about the limits of the vector-valued theory.

Tiempo y narración en La Regenta de Clarín

Nuestro trabajo se ocupa del concepto pluridimensional del tiempo en La Regenta de Leopoldo Alas «Clarín». El tiempo es una de las categorías principales de la experiencia humana y un componente básico del texto narrativo: se ordena cronológicamente en la historia y se materializa discursivamente. Se puede afirmar que se trata de una categoría que, hasta un cierto grado, pertenece a la dimensión espacial más que a la temporal. Por este motivo, el tiempo y la narración en la novela se pueden marcar como pseudo-temporales. El concepto del tiempo en esta novela clariniana se puede percibir de dos modos principales: el tiempo lingüístico, narrativo, y el tiempo figurado, vinculado a la imagen temporal suscitada por el texto narrativo (tiempo narrado y tiempo narrante o tiempo de la historia y tiempo del discurso). El tiempo narrativo del texto recurre con preferencia a tres métodos: retrospección, anticipación e inversión. En nuestro artículo se estudian también los aspectos sintácticos de la categoría del tiempo: sucesión, orden y duración. En la novela clariniana se distinguen dos partes, de similar extensión, que coinciden con los dos volúmenes publicados (1884-85). Una parte estática y expositiva que se desarrolla durante tres días (I-XV); y otra parte activa durante unos tres años (XVI-XXX). Los rasgos estructurales y temporales de la narración nos permiten hacer hincapié en la estructura circular de la novela: todo ha pasado y nada ha cambiado. Vetusta, la estática localidad, ha dejado que se consumase en su interior la tragedia humana. De este modo, Clarín juega estratégicamente con el concepto de tiempo con la intención de trasformar a los personajes en piezas que, tras tanta lucha espiritual, han quedado inertes y petrificadas.

Complete Intersection Flat Dimension and the Intersection Theorem

Any finitely generated module M over a local ring R is endowed with a complete intersection dimension CI-dim RM and a Gorenstein dimension G-dim RM. The Gorenstein dimension can be extended to all modules over the ring R. This paper presents a similar extension for the complete intersection dimension, and mentions the relation between this dimension and the Gorenstein flat dimension. In addition, we show that in the intersection theorem, the flat dimension can be replaced by the complete intersection flat dimension.

ASSESSING THE PERIPHERAL STATUS OF LOCAL AIRPORTS

The European Union (EU) has defined seven regions as outermost (or ultra-peripheral), of which three are located near the European mainland (the Azores, Madeira and the Canary Islands). These regions benefit from certain relaxations in EU law to promote economic development such as extended duration on tendered contracts for subsidised air transport routes subject to public service obligation. This article aims to determine the peripheral status of Norwegian municipalities hosting airports with subsidized air transport routes in order to assess whether they qualify for a similar extension of contract length. Evidently, a majority of the route areas can be classified as equally or more peripheral than the outermost regions. The method for assessment can be transferred to PSO-routes in other peripheral regions of the EU as well as for considering relaxation of other laws promoting the development of such areas.

Reconstructing the AIDS epidemic among injection drug users in Brazil

The HIV/AIDS epidemic among injection drug users (IDUs) in Brazil has been unique in terms of temporal and geographical contrasts. This analysis explores these contrasts through the use of multilevel modeling. Standardized AIDS incidence rates among IDUs for Brazilian municipalities (1986-2000) were used as the dependent variable, with a set of social indicators as independent variables (covariates). In some States of the North/Northeast, the epidemic among IDUs has been incipient. The São Paulo epidemic extended to reach a network of municipalities, most of which located far from the capital. More recently, on a smaller scale, a similar extension has been observed in the southernmost States of the country. Both "number of physicians per inhabitant" and "standard distance to the State capital" were found to be associated with AIDS incidence. AIDS cases among IDUs appeared to cluster in wealthier, more developed municipalities. The relative weight of such extensive dissemination in key, heavily populated States prevails in the Brazilian IDU epidemic, defining a central-western-southeastern strip of wealthier middle-sized municipalities and more recently a southern strip of municipalities deeply affected by the epidemic in this population.

STUDY ON SIMILARITY AND SIMILARITY REASONING

Based on extension models of a new science called Extenics, this paper presents formalized study on similarity and similarity reasoning. The concepts of δ-similarity and δ-similar extension elements are introduced firstly, and then the substitution principles of similarity for solving incompatible problems are set up, showing that similarity substitution is an effective way to solve incompatible problems in the practical world. In addition, the quantitative calculation of similarity is discussed. Finally, three basic rules for similarity reasoning are developed as well.